scholarly journals Narrow-clawed crayfish in Finland: Aphanomyces astaci resistance and genetic relationship to other selected European and Asian populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Japo Jussila ◽  
Ivana Maguire ◽  
Harri Kokko ◽  
Vesa Tiitinen ◽  
Jenny Makkonen
Keyword(s):  
White Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Aphanomyces Astaci ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Noble Crayfish ◽  
Crayfish Population ◽  
Southeastern Region

The narrow-clawed crayfish (Pontastacus leptodactylus) is an alien species in Finland with only a few populations reported from the southeastern region during the last century. We discovered a productive population in the lake Jängynjärvi, which is upstream from the previously reported wild narrow-clawed crayfish population in that region. Preliminary studies indicated that this population is not infected with Aphanomyces astaci. We collected narrow-clawed crayfish samples from the lake Jängynjärvi population for both infection challenge and genetic studies, in order to investigate possible A. astaci resistance among this Finnish population and to evaluate their phylogenetic position that would enable us to speculate different scenarios of distribution pathways or origin of the population. The infection studies indicated that the narrow-clawed crayfish in this population were more resistant against A. astaci infection (B haplogroup A. astaci) compared to the noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) from the lake Rytky in North Savo, while all crayfish of both species in the B haplogroup A. astaci challenged groups died within 58 days post-infection. Results of the phylogenetic reconstruction indicate that the lake Jängynjärvi narrow-clawed crayfish are closely related to narrow-clawed crayfish from the lake Bolshoye near Krasnoye, located on the White Sea island of Solovestky and also populations from Tyumen region, both in Russia. This could confirm previous speculations about introduction of the narrow-clawed crayfish from Russia into Finland or could indicate previous hydrological connection.

scholarly journals Signal crayfish in Lake Saimaa could be maladapted to the local conditions due to Aphanomyces astaci infection: A seven-year study

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Japo Jussial ◽  
Vesa Tiitinen ◽  
Lennart Edsman ◽  
Harri Kokko ◽  
Ravi Fotedar
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Fishery ◽  
Total Catch ◽  
Trap Catch ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Signal Crayfish ◽  
Aphanomyces Astaci ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Noble Crayfish ◽  
Crayfish Population ◽  
Lake Saimaa

Abstract We conducted a seven-year survey (years 2009 - 2015) of the Lake Saimaa signal crayfish population. Lake Saimaa is the largest single waterbody in Finland, with a productive fishery and crayfishery. The signal crayfish were introduced to Lake Saimaa in mid-1990’s and a commercial fishery was initiated in the mid-2000s. At first, there was a small proportion of noble crayfish among the catch, but after 2007, an acute crayfish plague epidemic eradicated them, and the signal crayfish stock started showing frequent gross symptoms of chronic crayfish plague infection (e.g., melanised lesions, eroded uropods and pleopods, lost appendages with melanised stumps). This stock now shows gross symptoms of the infection at a rate of 45% to 79% of the annual trap catch, in addition to showing signs of eroded swimmeret symdrome (ESS) at a rate of 2.8 to 15.4%. The CPUE has remained rather low, between one and three crayfish throughout the survey, while the proportion of the commercial grade catch has been between 35% and 68% of the total catch. The signal crayfish populations in Lake Saimaa are still rather fragmented, and production is low. It appears that the Lake Saimaa signal crayfish population has developed slowly and is producing less than expected.

Fluctuations in harvest of native and introduced crayfish are driven by temperature and population density in previous years

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Olsson ◽  
Wilhelm Granéli ◽  
Jörgen Ripa ◽  
Per Nyström
Keyword(s):  
Time Lag ◽  
Mating Season ◽  
Astacus Astacus ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Signal Crayfish ◽  
Noble Crayfish ◽  
Crayfish Population ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Parsimonious Model ◽  
Large Adult

The effects of temperature and density on annual fluctuations in catches of large adult crayfish are evaluated using time series analysis. We tested if temperature during different stages of the crayfish life cycle influenced observed catches from 1946 to 2007 in Lake Bunn (Sweden). From 1946 to 1974, native noble crayfish ( Astacus astacus ) inhabited the lake, but then, crayfish plague wiped out the whole population. In 1985, the exotic signal crayfish ( Pacifastacus leniusculus ) was introduced and is still present. This made it possible to model the two species separately and compare how temperature and density influence the abundance of large adult crayfish. The best models indicate that both climatic- and density-dependent factors influence the observed fluctuations and there was a time lag for most factors included in the best models. Winter temperature had the strongest influence on fluctuations of both species. Also, density dependence was included in the best model for both species. Growth season for noble crayfish and temperature during the mating season for signal crayfish were also present in the most parsimonious model. Based on our findings, it is difficult to predict how further climate warming will affect crayfish population dynamics in freshwaters.

Phylogenetic analysis of the Neotropical Pristimantis leptolophus species group (Anura: Craugastoridae): molecular approach and description of a new polymorphic species 

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4242 (2) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
MAURICIO RIVERA-CORREA ◽  
CARLOS JIMÉNEZ-RIVILLAS ◽  
JUAN M. DAZA
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Species Groups

Pristimantis, distributed throughout the New World tropics, is the most speciose vertebrate genus. Pristimantis presents an enormous morphological diversity and is currently divided into several demonstrably non-monophyletic phenetic species groups. With the purpose of increasing our understanding of Pristimantis systematics, we present the first phylogenetic analysis using molecular evidence to test the monophyly and infer evolutionary relationships within the Pristimantis leptolophus group, an endemic group of frogs from the highlands of the Colombian Andes. Our phylogenetic reconstruction recovers the group as monophyletic with high support, indicating general concordance between molecular data and morphological data. In addition, we describe a new polymorphic species lacking conspicuous tubercles, a regular attribute among species of the P. leptolophus species group and endemic from the Páramo de Sonsón complex (Antioquia, Colombia). The phylogenetic position of the new species is inferred and other systematic implications in the light of our results are discussed. 

Relaxed attitude towards spreading of alien crayfish species affects protection of native crayfish species: case studies and lessons learnt from a Fennoscandian viewpoint

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Japo Jussila ◽  
Lennart Edsman
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Pacifastacus Leniusculus ◽  
Astacus Astacus ◽  
Signal Crayfish ◽  
Aphanomyces Astaci ◽  
Noble Crayfish ◽  
Native Crayfish ◽  
Chronic Carrier ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Crayfish Species

Abstract The spreading of the alien signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) is posing an ongoing threat to native European crayfish species in Fennoscandia, like the native noble crayfish (Astacus astacus). The signal crayfish is commonly a chronic carrier of the crayfish plague (Aphanomyces astaci), thus, in addition to being more competitive than noble crayfish, it also has a competitive advantage in this disease over the noble crayfish. The challenges rising from the introduction of the alien signal crayfish to Sweden, Finland and finally also Norway, are similar in nature. The licensed and unlicensed spreading of this species also has a similar history in these countries. In this paper we describe some of the patters of the spread of alien signal crayfish and highlight the detrimental nature of an alien crayfish, accompanied by a highly virulent disease, to native Fennoscandian crayfish and also to native Fennoscandian ecosystems. A halt to the further spreading of alien signal crayfish in Fennoscandia is the only means to ensure successful conservation outcomes for the noble crayfish.

scholarly journals Genetic studies of human diversity in East Asia

2007 ◽  
Vol 362 (1482) ◽  
pp. 987-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Bing Su ◽  
Ya-ping Zhang ◽  
Li Jin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The North ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

East Asia is one of the most important regions for studying evolution and genetic diversity of human populations. Recognizing the relevance of characterizing the genetic diversity and structure of East Asian populations for understanding their genetic history and designing and interpreting genetic studies of human diseases, in recent years researchers in China have made substantial efforts to collect samples and generate data especially for markers on Y chromosomes and mtDNA. The hallmark of these efforts is the discovery and confirmation of consistent distinction between northern and southern East Asian populations at genetic markers across the genome. With the confirmation of an African origin for East Asian populations and the observation of a dominating impact of the gene flow entering East Asia from the south in early human settlement, interpretation of the north–south division in this context poses the challenge to the field. Other areas of interest that have been studied include the gene flow between East Asia and its neighbouring regions (i.e. Central Asia, the Sub-continent, America and the Pacific Islands), the origin of Sino-Tibetan populations and expansion of the Chinese.

scholarly journals Rediscovery of Mazus lanceifolius reveals a new genus and a new species in Mazaceae

PhytoKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Chun-Lei Xiang ◽  
Hong-Li Pan ◽  
Dao-Zhang Min ◽  
Dai-Gui Zhang ◽  
Fei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Central China ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Basal Clade ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Plastid Markers

Mazus lanceifolius (Mazaceae) is a perennial herb with opposite leaves and endemic to central China that has not been collected for 130 years. Rediscovery of this enigmatic species in the wild allows for determination of its phylogenetic position within Mazaceae. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Mazaceae based on DNA sequences from four plastid markers (matK, rbcL, rps16 and trnL-trnF) and nuclear ribosome ITS consistently showed that Mazus was not monophyletic. Mazus lanceifolius is in the most basal clade within Mazaceae, as sister to the remaining species of three recognized genera Dodartia, Lancea and Mazus. These results support the separation of M. lanceifolius from Mazus as a new genus, which was established here as Puchiumazus Bo Li, D.G. Zhang & C.L. Xiang. Meanwhile, a collection from Shennongjia Forestry District of Hubei Province, China, misidentified as “M. lanceifolius” in previous molecular study, is here revealed to represent an undescribed species of Mazus, i.e., M. fruticosus Bo Li, D.G. Zhang & C.L. Xiang, sp. nov. Morphologically, Puchiumazus is clearly distinct from the other three genera by having quadrangular to somewhat ribbed stems, and obviously opposite leaves. In addition, we provide a taxonomic key to the four genera of Mazaceae.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptome analysis of noble crayfish and marbled crayfish immune response to Aphanomyces astaci challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljudevit Luka Boštjančić ◽  
Caterina Francesconi ◽  
Christelle Rutz ◽  
Lucien Hoffbeck ◽  
Laetitia Poidevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Freshwater Crayfish ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Aphanomyces Astaci ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Noble Crayfish ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Marbled Crayfish ◽  
Crayfish Species

Introduction of invasive North American crayfish species and their pathogen Aphanomyces astaci has significantly contributed to the decline of European freshwater crayfish populations. In this study, noble crayfish, a susceptible native European species, and marbled crayfish, an invasive disease-resistant species, were challenged with haplogroup A (low virulence) and haplogroup B (high virulence) strain of A. astaci. Hepatopancreatic tissue was isolated 3 and 21 days post-challenge. Our results revealed strong up-regulation in expression levels of the prophenoloxidase cascade immune-related genes in the haplogroup B challenged noble crayfish 3 days post-challenge. In the marbled crayfish, we observed an up-regulation of immune system relevant genes (DSCAM, AP, ALFs, CTLs and hemocyanin) 3 days post-challenge. This response highlights the marbled crayfish capability of building the immune tolerance. Furthermore, we successfully characterised several novel immune related gene groups in both crayfish species, contributing to our current understanding of crayfish immune related genes landscape.

scholarly journals Differing virulence of Aphanomyces astaci isolates and elevated resistance of noble crayfish Astacus astacus against crayfish plague

2012 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Makkonen ◽  
J Jussila ◽  
R Kortet ◽  
A Vainikka ◽  
H Kokko
Keyword(s):  
Astacus Astacus ◽  
Aphanomyces Astaci ◽  
Noble Crayfish

scholarly journals Human Surfactant Protein – A Gene Locus for Genetic Studies in the Finnish Population

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mika Rämet ◽  
Ritva Haataja ◽  
Riitta Marttila ◽  
Anu-Maaria Häamäaläainen ◽  
Mikael Knip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Locus ◽  
Lung Surfactant ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Surfactant Protein ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Surfactant Protein A ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Finnish Population ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
New Alleles

Lung surfactant lowers the surface tension but surfactant proteins also have other functions. Surfactant protein A (SP-A) has a well-defined role in innate immunity. The gene locus for human SP-A genes is in chromosome 10q21 through q24 and consists of two highly homologous functional SP-A genes (SP-A1 and SP-A2) and a pseudogene. Several alleles that differ by a single amino acid have been identified for both SP-A genes. The SP-A gene locus has been shown to be sufficiently polymorphic for genetic studies in the American population. In this study, we analysed the SP-A allele frequencies in a Finnish population (n= 790) and found them to differ from the frequencies observed in US. Furthermore, we describe several new alleles for both SP-A genes. The heterozygosity indices and polymorphism information content values ranged between 0.50–0.62 indicating that SP-A gene locus is polymorphic enough for studies associating the locus with pulmonary diseases.

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