Surface roughness optimization in machining of AZ31 magnesium alloy using ABC algorithm

Magnesium alloys are of increasing interest in the medical industry due to their biodegradability properties and better mechanical properties as compared to biodegradable polymers. Fiber laser cutting of AZ31 magnesium alloy tubes was carried out to study the effect of cutting conditions on wall surface roughness and back-wall dross. During the experiments, an argon gas chamber was adapted in order to avoid material reactivity with oxygen and thus better control the part quality. A surface response methodology was applied to identify the significance of pulse overlapping and pulse energy. Our results indicate minimum values of surface roughness (Ra < 0.7 μm) when the spot overlapping is higher than 50%. A back-wall dross range of 0.24% to 0.94% was established. In addition, a reduction in back-wall dross accumulations was obtained after blowing away the dross particles from inside the tube using an argon gas jet, reaching values of 0.21%. Laser cutting experimental models show a quadratic model for back-wall dross related with the interaction of the pulse energy, and a linear model dependent on pulse overlapping factor for surface roughness.

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Formability of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet in Dry Press Forming Using Diamond-Coated Dies

Volume 4: Design and Manufacturing ◽

10.1115/imece2009-10957 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

S. Tsuda ◽

S. Yoshihara ◽

S. Kataoka

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Magnesium Alloys ◽

Deep Drawing ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Alloy Sheet ◽

Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽

Specific Strength ◽

Press Forming ◽

Forming Tools

Dry press forming which hasn’t used lubricants in the process is the attractive forming technique of zero emission for the lubricants. As one of the dry press forming techniques, the usage of dies coated with a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond film, which are expected to be applied to forming tools owing to their high tribological properties, abrasion resistance and heat resistance, has been proposed. Magnesium alloys have attracted attention owing to their advantages over what such as, high specific strength and ease of recycling. However, they have intractable characteristics, and it is necessary to perform the forming technique at high temperature and to consider lubrication condition. In this study, diamond-coated dies were used in the deformation of magnesium alloy sheets without lubricants in press forming, and the formability of magnesium alloy and its effect on the surface texture of a formed-cup were investigated. Dry deep-drawing tests and dry ironing tests were carried out to estimate the effect of the diamond-coated dies on the formability of magnesium alloy sheets. Furthermore, the formability obtained using the above-mentioned tests was compared with that obtained in tests using non-lubricant dies with traditional lubricant. AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets (thickness: t0 = 0.5 mm) were deformed at 200 °C in dry deep-drawing tests. From the results, it was found that what can be deformed using diamond-coated dies. Moreover, a 20% reduction in drawing force was confirmed compared with the usage of the traditional lubricant (MoS2). Meanwhile, dry ironing tests were performed under conditions of 10% ironing ratio by a method similar to the dry deep-drawing tests. In general, the ironing process, which is the most difficult step in lubrication in sheet forming, has been enabled by the diamond coating technique. Furthermore, it was observed that the surface roughness of the formed-cup walls using the diamond-coated dies was 0.4 μmRz, and, 1.3 μmRz in case of MoS2. It was confirmed that the application of diamond-coated dies improved the surface roughness of the formed-cup. It produced an improvement in the formability of magnesium alloys compared with the traditional lubrication technique (use of MoS2). It was concluded that the validity of the use of diamond-coated dies became clear.

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Clarification of the Necessary Value of Surface Roughness for Developing Luster on an AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Surface with or without Acid Aqueous Solution Treatment

MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS ◽

10.2320/matertrans.mc2007103 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 49 (5) ◽

pp. 909-912 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Miyoshi Ohara ◽

Haruo Okahara ◽

Yorinobu Takigawa ◽

Kenji Higashi

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Solution Treatment ◽

Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽

Alloy Surface ◽

Acid Aqueous Solution

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Relationship between Specular Reflectance in Visible Light Range and Surface Roughness in AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Subjected to Acidic Aqueous Solution Treatment

Journal of the Japan Institute of Metals and Materials ◽

10.2320/jinstmet.74.788 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 74 (12) ◽

pp. 788-793 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Miyoshi Ohara ◽

Yorinobu Takigawa ◽

Kenji Higashi

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Surface Roughness ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Visible Light ◽

Solution Treatment ◽

Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽

Acidic Aqueous Solution ◽

Specular Reflectance ◽

Visible Light Range

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Microstructure and corrosion behavior of ALD Al2O3 film on AZ31 magnesium alloy with different surface roughness

Journal of Magnesium and Alloys ◽

10.1016/j.jma.2019.06.003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 480-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fumin Xu ◽

Lan Luo ◽

Lei Xiong ◽

Yong Liu

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Corrosion Behavior ◽

Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽

Al2o3 Film

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Surface roughness optimization in machining of AZ31 magnesium alloy using ABC algorithm

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201814403006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 144 ◽

pp. 03006 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abhijith ◽

Pai Srinivasa ◽

D’Mello Grynal ◽

Hebbar Gautama

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Cutting Speed ◽

Orthopedic Implants ◽

Pso Algorithm ◽

Optimization Techniques ◽

Depth Of Cut ◽

Machining Parameters ◽

Abc Algorithm

Magnesium alloys serve as excellent substitutes for materials traditionally used for engine block heads in automobiles and gear housings in aircraft industries. AZ31 is a magnesium alloy finds its applications in orthopedic implants and cardiovascular stents. Surface roughness is an important parameter in the present manufacturing sector. In this work optimization techniques namely firefly algorithm (FA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and artificial bee colony algorithm (ABC) which are based on swarm intelligence techniques, have been implemented to optimize the machining parameters namely cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut in order to achieve minimum surface roughness. The parameter Ra has been considered for evaluating the surface roughness. Comparing the performance of ABC algorithm with FA and PSO algorithm, which is a widely used optimization algorithm in machining studies, the results conclude that ABC produces better optimization when compared to FA and PSO for optimizing surface roughness of AZ 31.

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Facile Fabrication and Properties of Super-hydrophobic MgAl-LDH Films With Excellent Corrosion Resistance on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Frontiers in Materials ◽

10.3389/fmats.2021.743112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Xing Han ◽

Jia Hu ◽

Yong-Qin Wang ◽

Tian-Bing Xiao ◽

Wei Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Magnesium Alloy ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Immersion Test ◽

Contact Angles ◽

Az31 Magnesium Alloy ◽

Water Contact ◽

Double Hydroxides

A super-hydrophobic anti-corrosion film was facilely prepared via in situ growth of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on the etched AZ31 magnesium alloy and then modification by 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane (PFOTMS) in this work. The morphology, structure, composition, surface roughness and water contact angles (WCA), and the anti-corrosion performance of the samples were investigated. The results revealed that the micro/nano hierarchical surface morphology of the films was composed of island structures obtained after chemical etching and MgAl-LDH nanowalls grown in situ. The best hydrophobicity (CA = 163°) was obtained on the MgAl-LDHs with the maximum surface roughness. Additionally, the potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and immersion test indicated that the super-hydrophobic LDH films provided better corrosion resistance to AZ31 magnesium alloy due to the double-protection derived from the LDHs and super-hydrophobic properties. Furthermore, the contact angle could be kept at above 140° after dipped in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for 6 days.

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