scholarly journals An innovative method to produce drop-in fuel by alkaline earth-transition metals basic soap decarboxylation

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 ◽  
pp. 02064
Author(s):  
Godlief Fredrik Neonufa ◽  
Meiti Pratiwi ◽  
Astri Nur Istyami ◽  
Lidya Elizabeth ◽  
Sri Suminar Dewi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Metal Soap ◽  
Hydrocarbon Product

Decarboxylation of metal soap is an emerging method to produce drop-in fuels as an alternative to the expensive hydrotreatment process. In this study, the Mg-Fe basic soap produced from palm kernel fatty acid had been successfully decarboxylated into jet-fuel type biohydrocarbons. The Mg-Fe basic soap with ratio of 8:2 mol was decarboxylated for 5 hours at atmospheric pressure and temperature varied up to 370°C; it produced a liquid product whose yield was around 60 %-weight. The resulting hydrocarbon product was a complex mixture consisted of normal paraffins in the range of carbon chain length C8 – C17, iso-and cyclo-paraffins, and various olefin products.

scholarly journals PSII-15 Hydrogenation of palm kernel oil, palm oil, and soybean oil on energy and lipid digestibility, and performance when fed to 20 to 40 kg pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 231-232
Author(s):  
Sophia Breuer ◽  
Brian Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Palm Kernel Oil ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Lipid Source ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding hydrogenated palm kernel oil (PKO), palm oil (PO), or soybean oil (SO) relative to unhydrogenated PKO, PO, and SO on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE) and ether extract (EE), and on pig performance, in to 20 to 40 kg pigs. One hundred and fifty-four pigs (39.5 ± 3.6 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of 9 diets composed of a basal diet, or test diets containing 94% of the basal diet and 6% added lipid. Lipids consisted of either unhydrogenated or hydrogenated PKO, PO, or SO in a factorial arrangement. The basal diet contained titanium dioxide as an inert maker and was used to determine the ATTD of GE or EE of each lipid using the difference method. There were 2 pigs per pen with pigs ad libitum fed for 25 d to measure growth performance. On d 23 and 24, a fresh fecal sample was obtained from each pen to measure ATTD of GE and EE. There was an interaction between lipid source and hydrogenation for ATTD of GE and EE of the lipid (P ≤ 0.01), where hydrogenation of PKO had no effect on ATTD of GE or EE of the lipid, while hydrogenation of PO and SO resulted in a reduction in the ATTD of GE and EE compared to their unhydrogenated counterparts. There was also an interaction between lipid source and hydrogenation on GF (P ≤ 0.01) where hydrogenation of PKO had no effect on GF while hydrogenation of PO and SO resulted in a reduction in GF compared to their unhydrogenated counterparts. The data show that hydrogenation of PKO has no impact on ATTD of GE and EE of the lipid, or on GF, but hydrogenation of PO or SO reduce ATTD of GE and EE of the lipid, and GF, due to their fatty acids being longer in carbon chain length.

scholarly journals Excess molar volumes of 1,3 propanediol + (C1-C5) alkan-1-ols: Application of cubic EOS

2012 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Almasi ◽  
Ladan Khosravi
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Excess Molar Volumes ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Molar Volumes ◽  
Pure Compounds ◽  
Vibrating Tube Densimeter

Densities of the binary mixtures consist of methanol, ethanol, 1- propanol, 1-butanol and 1-pentanol with 1,3 Propanediol were measured at temperatures (293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 313.15) K and atmospheric pressure. Measurements have been made over the full range of compositions and for the pure compounds by using a vibrating tube densimeter. Excess molar volumes have been obtained from these experimental results and were fitted to a Redlich-Kister type expansion. The results were interpreted in terms of molecular interactions and structural factors of the alcohols. It was observed that an increase of the alcohol carbon chain length led to lower interactions on mixing. The Peng-Robinson-Stryjek-Vera (PRSV) equation of state has been used to correlate the binary excess molar volumes.

Effect of Organic Diacid Carbon Chain Length on Crystal Morphology of α-Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate in Preparation from Flue Gas Desulphurization Gypsum

2012 ◽  
Vol 253-255 ◽  
pp. 542-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian Feng Liu ◽  
Jia Hui Peng ◽  
Jian Xin Zhang ◽  
Jin Dong Qu ◽  
Mei Li
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Key Technology ◽  
Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate ◽  
Flue Gas Desulphurization

Modifying crystal morphology was the key technology of the preparation of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate from flue gas desulphurization gypsum using the hydrothermal method under atmospheric pressure. For exploring crystal modifier, the crystal morphology of α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate in preparation from flue gas desulphurization gypsum with various organic diacid was studied, by polarizing microscope profile observation. The results showed, When the space between two carboxyls was triplicate length of C-C, the organic diacid had the best effect of modifying crystal morphology.

Ionic liquid-biosurfactant blends as effective dispersants for oil spills: Effect of carbon chain length and degree of saturation

2021 ◽  
pp. 117119
Author(s):  
Mansoor Ul Hassan Shah ◽  
Ambavaram Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy ◽  
Suzana Yusup ◽  
Masahiro Goto ◽  
Muhammad Moniruzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Carbon Chain Length

Synthesis and Interfacial Activity of Alkyl Polyoxypropylene Sulfonate for Chemical Combination Flooding

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
You Yi Zhu ◽  
Zhang Lei Ning ◽  
Qing Feng Hou ◽  
Ming Lei ◽  
Guo Qing Jian
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Interfacial Tension ◽  
Divalent Cation ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Interfacial Activity ◽  
Chemical Combination ◽  
Ultralow Interfacial Tension ◽  
Oil Formation

A serious of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant was synthesized. The O/W interfacial activity of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant was investigated. The results showed that the interfacial tension of Indonesia crude oil/formation water could reach ultralow level (10-3mN/m order of the magnitude) under weak alkali (Na2CO3) concentration from 0.4wt% to 1.0wt% with C16PO8S, C16PO10S, C18PO8S and C18PO10S alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate respectively. These surfactants showed good interface activity and salt and divalent cation tolerance ability. Combinations of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfanate homologies with different carbon chain length could significantly improve the interface activity. The IFT of Indonesia oil/formation water could reach ultralow interfacial tension under alkali free conditions. The combination of alkyl polyoxypropylene sulfonate surfactant with petroleum sulfonate could improve the salt tolerance ability of formula.

Controlling the Secondary Assembly of Porous Anionic Uranyl-organic Polyhedra through Organic Cationic Templates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liwen Zeng ◽  
Kong-qiu Hu ◽  
Zhi-wei Huang ◽  
Lei Mei ◽  
Xianghe Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chain Length ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Carbon Chain Length ◽  
Organic Templates ◽  
Secondary Assembly

Herein, we report a new uranyl-organic polyhedron U4L4 (L=BTPCA) assembled from uranyl and a semirigid tritopic ligand. By adjusting the carbon chain length of the organic templates, two complexes can...

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