scholarly journals Split Antenna Array in Millimeter Wave for Secure Vehicular Communication

2018 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Shah Marjan ◽  
Lin Bai ◽  
Chao Han
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Vehicular Communication

The small carrier wavelength at millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequencies features a large number of co-located antennas. Wireless networks with directional antennas using beamforming at mm-wave also have potential to provide an enhanced security in the vehicular communication system. Large bandwidth of mm-wave can provide auto drive and safety linked functionalities, However, safety and efficiency of the vehicular transportation system can be jeopardized by many kinds of attacks by eavesdroppers, physical layer security can work as an extra layer of security for wireless communication systems. To secure communication in-between Vehicles, an Analog precoding based physical Layer technique for mm-wave vehicular communication systems is presented in the paper. The proposed technique works by exploiting large Antenna arrays at millimeter waves and provide a secure directional transmission with low power consuming phase shifters and single Radio Frequency Chain. Larger antennas arrays are split into two subsets, one for transmission of data and another for generating noise. The proposed technique offers improved coherent transmission at the legitimate receiver and by introducing artificial noise to the eavesdroppers at random directions. This outcome in low SNR for the eavesdroppers, hence hacking information becomes extremely difficult. Numerical and Simulation results show the superior performance of the proposed technique compared to traditional physical layer security technique and conventional array technique.

scholarly journals Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 5396
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Mingnan Le ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jinye Peng
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Symbol Error Rate ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Polarization Sensitive Array ◽  
Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM), as an emerging promising physical layer security (PLS) technique at the transmitter side with the help of an antenna array, has developed rapidly over decades. In this study, a DM technique using a polarization sensitive array (PSA) to produce the modulation with different polarization states (PSs) at different directions is investigated. A PSA, as a vector sensor, can be employed for more effective DM for an additional degree of freedom (DOF) provided in the polarization domain. The polarization information can be exploited to transmit different data streams simultaneously at the same directions, same frequency, but with different PSs in the desired directions to increase the channel capacity, and with random PSs off the desired directions to enhance PLS. The proposed method has the capability of concurrently projecting independent signals into different specified spatial directions while simultaneously distorting signal constellation in all other directions. The symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and the robustness of the proposed DM scheme are analyzed. Design examples for single- and multi-beam DM systems are also presented. Simulations corroborate that (1) the proposed method is more effective for PLS; (2) the proposed DM scheme is more power-efficient than the traditional artificial noise aided DM schemes; and (3) the channel capacity is significantly improved compared with conventional scalar antenna arrays.

scholarly journals Directional Modulation Technique Using a Polarization Sensitive Array for Physical Layer Security Enhancement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Mingnan Le ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Jinye Peng
Keyword(s):  
Channel Capacity ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Symbol Error Rate ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Additional Degree ◽  
Polarization Sensitive Array ◽  
Directional Modulation

Directional modulation (DM), as an emerging promising physical layer security (PLS) technique at the transmitter side with the help of an antenna array, has developed rapidly over decades. In this study, a DM technique using a polarization sensitive array (PSA) to produce the modulation with different polarization states (PSs) at different directions is investigated. A PSA, as a vector sensor, can be employed for more effective DM for an additional degree of freedom (DOF) provided in the polarization domain. The polarization information can be exploited to transmit different data streams simultaneously at the same directions, same frequency, but with different PSs in the desired directions to increase the channel capacity, and with random PSs off the desired directions to enhance PLS. The proposed method has the capability of concurrently projecting independent signals into different specified spatial directions while simultaneously distorting signal constellation in all other directions. The symbol error rate (SER), secrecy rate, and the robustness of the proposed DM scheme are analyzed. Design examples for single- and multi-beam DM systems are also presented. Simulations corroborate that 1) the proposed method is more effective for PLS; 2) the proposed DM scheme is more power-efficient than the traditional artificial noise aided DM schemes; and 3) the channel capacity is significantly improved compared with conventional scalar antenna arrays.

scholarly journals Development of Frequency Modulated Array Antennas for Millimeter-Wave Communications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Shaddrack Yaw Nusenu
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Directional Antennas ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Massive Growth ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Point To Point

With the massive growth of wireless data in mobile broadband communications, millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication is an alternative enabling technique for fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems. More importantly, mm-wave offers large frequency spectrum bands ranging from 30GHz to 300GHz that can be utilized to provide very high capacity (i.e., multigigabits per-second data rates). Moreover, because of the small wavelength at mm-wave frequencies, we can exploit large antenna elements in a small physical area, meaning beamforming schemes are feasible. Nevertheless, high directional antennas should be used due to overcoming the severe path loss and absorption in mm-wave frequencies. Further, the antennas should be steerable in angle and range directions to support point-to-point (multipoint) communications. So far, mm-wave communication has utilized phased-array antennas arrangement which is solely angle dependent. This review paper presents recent array technology, namely, frequency modulated frequency diverse array (FDA) for mm-wave communication applications with an emphasis on beamforming. In FDA, small frequency increment is added across the elements. In doing so, an array beam is generated which is angle-range-time dependent without the need of phase shifters. This feature has several promising potentials in mm-wave communications. In this review, the object is to bring to the fore this advance FDA technology to mm-wave communications community to call for more investigations. We review FDA research progress up to date and highlight the potential applications in mm-wave communications.

scholarly journals Physical layer security transmission scheme based on artificial noise in cooperative SWIPT NOMA system

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Jin ◽  
Zhentao Hu ◽  
Dongdong Xie ◽  
Guodong Wu ◽  
Lin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Interference Cancellation ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Transmitted Power ◽  
Transmission Scheme ◽  
Convex Problem ◽  
Security Problem

AbstractAiming at high energy consumption and information security problem in the simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) multi-user wiretap network, we propose a user-aided cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) physical layer security transmission scheme to minimize base station (BS) transmitted power in this paper. In this scheme, the user near from BS is adopted as a friendly relay to improve performance of user far from BS. An energy harvesting (EH) technology-based SWIPT is employed at the near user to collect energy which can be used at cooperative stage. Since eavesdropper in the downlink of NOMA system may use successive interference cancellation (SIC) technology to obtain the secrecy information of receiver, to tackle this problem, artificial noise (AN) is used at the BS to enhance security performance of secrecy information. Moreover, semidefinite relaxation (SDR) method and successive convex approximation (SCA) technique are combined to solve the above non-convex problem. Simulation results show that in comparison with other methods, our method can effectively reduce the transmitted power of the BS on the constraints of a certain level of the secrecy rates of two users.

scholarly journals Physical-Layer Security Improvement with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G Wireless Communication Systems

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1439
Author(s):  
Janghyuk Youn ◽  
Woong Son ◽  
Bang Chul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Pilot Signal ◽  
Time Division

Recently, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have received much interest from both academia and industry due to their flexibility and cost-effectiveness in adjusting the phase and amplitude of wireless signals with low-cost passive reflecting elements. In particular, many RIS-aided techniques have been proposed to improve both data rate and energy efficiency for 6G wireless communication systems. In this paper, we propose a novel RIS-based channel randomization (RCR) technique for improving physical-layer security (PLS) for a time-division duplex (TDD) downlink cellular wire-tap network which consists of a single base station (BS) with multiple antennas, multiple legitimate pieces of user equipment (UE), multiple eavesdroppers (EVEs), and multiple RISs. We assume that only a line-of-sight (LOS) channel exists among the BS, the RISs, and the UE due to propagation characteristics of tera-hertz (THz) spectrum bands that may be used in 6G wireless communication systems. In the proposed technique, each RIS first pseudo-randomly generates multiple reflection matrices and utilizes them for both pilot signal duration (PSD) in uplink and data transmission duration (DTD) in downlink. Then, the BS estimates wireless channels of UE with reflection matrices of all RISs and selects the UE that has the best secrecy rate for each reflection matrix generated. It is shown herein that the proposed technique outperforms the conventional techniques in terms of achievable secrecy rates.

scholarly journals A Physical Layer Security Enhancement Scheme under the Ambient Backscatter System

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Pengfei Hou ◽  
Jianping Gong ◽  
Jumin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Physical Layer Security ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Artificial Noise ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Secrecy Rate ◽  
Channel Quality ◽  
Backscatter Communication ◽  
Ambient Backscatter

In this paper, we proposed a scheme that Injects artificial noise from the tag end (IANT) to enhance the physical layer security of the ambient backscatter communication (ABC) system. The difference between the ABC system and the traditional radio frequency identification system is whether it uses the radio frequency (RF) signals in the environment to supply energy and modulation information for passive tags. In the IANT scheme, we select the best tag to communicate with the reader according to the channel quality between tags and reader, and at the same time select another tag to generate artificial noise that affects the receiving effect of the eavesdropper. This paper uses the method of generating noise copies in the reader to reduce the interference of artificial noise on the signal received by the reader. The simulation results show that with the increase in channel quality between tags and reader and the increase in the number of tags, the proposed IANT scheme is significantly superior to the contrast scheme in terms of system achievable secrecy rate, effectively enhancing the physical layer security of the ABC system.

scholarly journals Millimeter Wave Spatial Channel Characterization for Vehicular Communications

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidel Rodríguez-Corbo ◽  
Leyre Azpilicueta ◽  
Mikel Celaya-Echarri ◽  
Peio López-Iturri ◽  
Imanol Picallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vehicular Communications ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
High Definition ◽  
High Data

With the growing demand of vehicle-mounted sensors over the last years, the amount of critical data communications has increased significantly. Developing applications such as autonomous vehicles, drones or real-time high-definition entertainment requires high data-rates in the order of multiple Gbps. In the next generation of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks, a wider bandwidth will be needed, as well as more precise localization capabilities and lower transmission latencies than current vehicular communication systems due to safety application requirements; 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is envisioned to be the key factor in the development of this next generation of vehicular communications. However, the implementation of mmWave links arises with difficulties due to blocking effects between mmWave transceivers, as well as different channel impairments for these high frequency bands. In this work, the mmWave channel propagation characterization for V2X communications has been performed by means of a deterministic in-house 3D ray launching simulation technique. A complex heterogeneous urban scenario has been modeled to analyze the different propagation phenomena of multiple mmWave V2X links. Results for large and small-scale propagation effects are obtained for line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) trajectories, enabling inter-data vehicular comparison. These analyzed results and the proposed methodology can aid in an adequate design and implementation of next generation vehicular networks.

VOLTAGE CONTROL OF MAGNETISM IN MULTIFERROIC HETEROSTRUCTURES AND DEVICES

SPIN ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 1240004 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIAN X. SUN ◽  
GOPALAN SRINIVASAN
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Microwave Devices ◽  
Multiferroic Materials ◽  
Multiferroic Heterostructures ◽  
Rf Microwave

Multiferroic materials and devices have attracted intensified recent interests due to the demonstrated strong magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in new multiferroic materials and devices with unique functionalities and superior performance characteristics. Strong ME coupling has been demonstrated in a variety of multiferroic heterostructures, including bulk magnetic on ferro/piezoelectric multiferroic heterostructures, magnetic film on ferro/piezoelectric slab multiferroic heterostructures, thin film multiferroic heterostructures, etc. Different multiferroic devices have been demonstrated, which include magnetic sensors, energy harvesters, and voltage tunable multiferroic RF/microwave devices which are compact, lightweight, and power efficient. In this progress report, we cover the most recent progress on multiferroic heterostructures and devices with a focus on voltage tunable multiferroic heterostructures and devices with strong converse ME coupling. Recent progress on magnetic-field tunable RF/microwave devices are also covered, including novel non-reciprocal tunable bandpass filters with ultra wideband isolation, compact, low loss and high power handling phase shifters, etc. These novel tunable multiferroic heterostructures and devices and tunable magnetic devices provide great opportunities for next generation reconfigurable RF/microwave communication systems and radars, Spintronics, magnetic field sensing, etc.

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