scholarly journals Structure of laminar flows with oppositely-rotating coaxial layers

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 02024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Zuikov ◽  
Genrikh Orekhov ◽  
Tatiana Suehtina
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
Radial Flow ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laminar Flows ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Stream Functions ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Test Flow

The article is devoted to the theoretical study of laminar flows with the coaxial layers rotating in opposite directions moving along the pipe. These flows have a wide practical application potential in technologies of mixing multiphase and heterogeneous media in microbiology, chemistry, ecology, heat engineering, power engineering, civil engineering and engine and rocket science. Such flows have a complicated three-dimensional structure. The theoretical model of the test flow is based on the Navier – Stokes's equations and Fourier – Bessel's method of expansion of differential equations. The article presents the formulas and graphs showing the radial-axial distributions of tangential, axial and radial flow velocities, stream functions and viscous vortex components. The authors made the theoretical analysis of the kinematic structure of such flows.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic structure of laminar flows with oppositely-swirled coaxial layers

2019 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 02022
Author(s):  
Andrey Zuikov ◽  
Genrikh Orekhov
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Media ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Vortex Breakdown ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Laminar Flows ◽  
Viscous Stress ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Stress Components ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Hydrodynamic Structure

The article is devoted to the theoretical study of hydrodynamics of laminar flows with coaxial layers swirled in opposite directions and moving along the pipe. Such flows in a turbulent range have a wide practical application potential in technologies of dissipation of mechanical energy and mixing multiphase and heterogeneous media in microbiology, chemistry, ecology, heat engineering, power engineering, engine and rocket engineering. The article describes the tensor of viscous tangents (τii) and normal (σii) stresses. The questions of stability of flow according to the Rayleigh (Ra) and Richardson (Ri) criteria are considered. Calculation formulas and graphs of radial-axial distributions of viscous stress components, local stability zones are given, the point of “crisis and decay of the flow” or “vortex breakdown” is indicated. The solutions are obtained in the form of Fourier-Bessel series. The analysis of the hydrodynamic structure of the flow is made.

Three-Dimensional Velocity and Droplet Size Measurements of Spray Flow (Keynote Paper)

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Zama ◽  
Masaaki Kawahashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Hirahara
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Measurement Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Density ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Droplet Motion ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Spray Field

The present investigation describes an application of a novel technique of simultaneous measurement of droplet size and three-dimensional components of velocity in a high density spray with swirl. The spray has a complicated and three-dimensional structure caused by mixing with surrounding airflow entrained by high speed fuel jet issuing from a nozzle. The breakup process of fuel film to fine-droplet-cloud, the droplet size dispersion and the velocity distribution of droplets are important factors in practical application of fuel spray for combustors. The conventional technique can be applied to local measurement of droplet speed and size. Recent methods, based on optical and image processing techniques, provide measurement of the velocity and droplet size distribution in observation area or volume. Maeda et al. proposed an excellent measurement technique of the size and the velocity distribution of droplet in spray based on interferometric laser imaging in which the fringe pattern is generated at the out of focus plane by interference between 0th order and 1st order refractions of droplet illuminated by high power laser light sheet. And also, in this technique, the separation of overlapping droplets image has been successfully done by optical method. As a practical application, the size and velocity distributions of droplets in a high density spray without swirl have been measured by this technique. In general, the droplet motion in a spray field is highly three-dimensional. Especially, a spray generated by a swirl nozzle shows complicated droplet motion in the three-dimensional field. In order to analyze the configuration of a complicated spray field, three-dimensional velocity measurement of droplets must be required. In the present paper, a combined measurement technique of the size and three velocity components of droplets in three-dimensional spray field based on doublet imaging technique of droplets and stereoscopic PIV method has been developed. And its feasibility and applicability was confirmed by practical application to measurements of spray fields induced by a swirl jet nozzle using in gas turbine.

Three-Dimensional Structure of a Huadian Oil Shale Kerogen Model: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 4122-4136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Hui Guan ◽  
Yao Liu ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Ming-Shu Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional Structure

scholarly journals In Silico Conformational Analysis of the Short-Sequence Hypomurocin A Peptides

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Násztor ◽  
János Horváth ◽  
Balázs Leitgeb
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Helical Structure ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Short Sequence ◽  
Structural Stabilization ◽  
Chain Conformations

In this theoretical study, a conformational analysis was performed on short-sequence hypomurocin A peptides, in order to identify their characteristic structural properties. For each hypomurocin A molecule, not only the backbone conformations, but also the side-chain conformations were examined. The results indicated that certain tetrapeptide units could be characterized by types I and III β-turn structures, and considering the helical conformations, it could be concluded that the hypomurocin A peptides showed a preference for the 310-helical structure over the α-helical structure. Beside the backbone conformations, the side-chain conformations were investigated, and the preferred rotamer states of the side-chains of amino acids were determined. Furthermore, the occurrence of i←i+3 and i←i+4 intramolecular H-bonds was studied, which could play a role in the structural stabilization of β-turns and helical conformations. On the whole, our theoretical study supplied a comprehensive characterization of the three-dimensional structure of short-sequence hypomurocin A peptides.

High-crystallinity and high-rate Prussian blue analogues synthesized at oil-water interface

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceheng Duan ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Yujue Wang ◽  
Zhaokun Zhang ◽  
Yunchen Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prussian Blue ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Prussian Blue Analogues ◽  
Oil Water

Prussian blue and its analogues are considered to be cathode materials for practical application in sodium-ion batteries due to their open three-dimensional structure and low cost. However, PBAs synthesized by...

The dimensional structure of transparency: A construct validation of transparency as disclosure, clarity, and accuracy in organizations

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872672093331
Author(s):  
Andrew K Schnackenberg ◽  
Edward Tomlinson ◽  
Corinne Coen
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Construct Validation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Quality Of Information ◽  
Informational Justice ◽  
Research Traditions ◽  
Advance Research

In this article, we advance research on transparency by developing and validating a measure based on recent theoretical insights about its dimensionality. We find that transparency—defined as the perceived quality of information—is a three-dimensional construct consisting of perceived information disclosure, clarity, and accuracy. Evidence shows items associated with these dimensions can be aggregated into a single transparency construct. We also find that transparency (as an aggregate construct) is distinct from neighboring constructs such as informational justice and capable of predicting perceptions of the source’s trustworthiness (ability, benevolence, and integrity). Finally, we find evidence of measurement invariance between two commonly used referents of analysis, yielding confidence in the application of the proposed measure across research settings. We discuss implications of the new measure for research on transparency, the extension of the new measure to related research traditions, and the practical application of the new measure for managers interested in constructing and appraising transparent messages.

Computational Identification of a New Form of Li2MnSiO4 for Battery Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 263 ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Maxim Arsentev ◽  
Marina Kalinina ◽  
Petr Tikhonov ◽  
Anastasia Shmigel ◽  
Nadezhda Kovalko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Computational Identification ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Inorganic Framework ◽  
Computer Studies

The reversibility of phase transformations in Li2MnSiO4 and related materials during charge/discharge of the material is an important factor to enable the practical application of the cathode materials. However, the stability of this material is still unattainable. Here we report the computational identification of a new form of Li2MnSiO4 as a stable candidate with acceptable characteristics. The stability could arise due to the presence of the three-dimensional structure of the inorganic framework. The presence of a structure with a compact unit cell forms the basis for high capacity. Surprisingly it was found to have a stable analogue occurring in nature – Na2CaSiO4 with the same structure. Using this information the possible routes of obtaining such material are presented. The prediction of such material has been not found in the literature previously. Of course the problems such as phase transformations upon delithiation may exist, and to check the data the experimental and computer studies needed.

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

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