scholarly journals Modeling of structuring processes at hardening of expanding cements and concretes on their basis

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Kharchenko ◽  
Alexander Panchenko ◽  
Alexey Kharchenko ◽  
Vyacheslav Alekseev

This paper reports the results of experimental research of the effect of strain-restriction conditions on the structure and properties of sulfoaluminate expanding cementitious materials. Theoretical analysis of the development of pattern formation processes is performed by applying the developed rheological model, illustrating features of the kinetics of structure-forming processes according to the ratio of the potential index of extension with linear, flat and volumetric limitation of deformations of the extension. The results show that rheological model adequately correlates with the results of experimental studies and can be described mathematically. Found that with the volume limitation of deformations arising when mixing crystallographic phases with high density and strength, the pore structure of the cement stone contains mainly gel pores. This is the main prerequisite for obtaining a dense, high-strength and durable structure of cement stone and concrete on its basis.

Author(s):  
Н.С. Гуриненко ◽  
Э.И. Батяновский

В материале статьи приведены результаты исследований влияния новой комплексной полифункциональной добавки, содержащей пластификатор, ультрадисперсный микрокремнезем (УДМК) и ускоряюще-уплотняющий компонент, на кинетику твердения (темп роста) и уровень прочности на сжатие тяжелого конструкционного бетона. С применением методов математической статистики оценено влияние на процесс твердения (рост прочности) цементного камня и цементного бетона, составляющих полифункциональную добавку компонентов (при разном их соотношении в комплексе в целом). На этом основании (включая результаты экспериментальной оценки прочности образцов цементного камня и бетона) разработаны и запатентованы составы полифункциональной добавки в бетон, характеризующиеся оптимальным диапазоном содержания в ее составе компонентов: суперпластификатора на основе поликарбоксилатных смол ‒ 0,25 %...0,5 % от массы цемента, ультрадисперсного микрокремнезема (SiO2) ‒ 0,25 %...1,0 % от МЦ, ускорителя твердения ‒ сульфата натрия (Na2SO4) ‒ 0,35 %...0,5 % от МЦ и уплотняющей структуру добавки ‒ сульфата алюминия (Al2(SO4)3) ‒ 0,15 %...0,25 % от МЦ, при меньших значениях для тяжелого конструкционного бетона класса ≤ С50/60 и бόльших значениях для высокопрочного, особо плотного бетона класса ≥ С70/85 (прочностью fcm.28 ≥ 100 МПа). В исследованиях прочностных характеристик и эксплуатационных свойств бетона применены стандартизованные методики испытаний. Результаты экспериментальных исследований подтверждены производственными испытаниями разработки, их данные заактированы и подтверждают возможность экономии цемента на 10 %…15 % без снижения прочностных и эксплуатационных свойств бетона, при снижении затрат тепловой энергии на обогрев изделий из бетона с добавкой в 1,5…2,0 раза (за счет сокращения времени подачи теплоносителя до 1,5…2,0 ч (с последующим твердением по методу термоса) и снижения температуры разогрева бетона до 45 °С…50 °С). The article presents the results of studies of the effect of a new complex multifunctional additive containing a plasticizer, ultradispersed microsilica (UDMS) and an accelerating-sealing component on the hardening kinetics (growth rate) and the level of compressive strength of heavy structural concrete. Using the methods of mathematical statistics, the influence on the hardening process (growth of strength) of cement stone and cement concrete of the components constituting a multifunctional additive (with their different ratios in the complex as a whole) was evaluated. On this basis (including the results of an experimental assessment of the strength of cement stone and concrete samples), compositions of a polyfunctional additive to concrete have been developed and patented, characterized by the optimal range of content in its composition of components: superplasticizer based on polycarboxylate resins – 0.25 %...0.5 % of the mass of cement, ultradispersed microsilica (SiO2) – 0.25 %...1.0 % of WC, hardening accelerator – sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) – 0.35 %...0.5 % from WC and the additives that seal the structure - aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) – 0.15 %...0.25 % of WC, at lower values for heavy structural concrete of class ≤ С50/60 and higher values for high-strength , especially dense concrete of class ≥ С70/85 (strength fcm.28 ≥ 100 MPa). In studies of the strength characteristics and operational properties of concrete, standardized test methods were used. The results of experimental studies are confirmed by production tests of the development, their data are recorded and confirm the possibility of saving cement by 10 %...15 % without reducing the strength and operational properties of concrete, while reducing the cost of heat energy for heating concrete products with an additive of 1.5...2.0 times (by reducing the time of supplying the coolant to 1.5...2.0 h (with subsequent hardening by the thermos method) and reducing the temperature of concrete heating to 45 °C...50 °C).


2018 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
Katerina Pushkarova ◽  
Kostiantyn Kaverin ◽  
Danilo Gadayuchyk

The study is devoted to the development of increased strength lightweight concrete based on Portland cement modified with a complex organo-siliceous additive containing a polycarboxylate superplasticizer and an active fine-ground siliceous component. The effect of this complex additive on the physical and chemical characteristics of the hydration and structure formation processes was investigated and it was shown that the high kinetics of the strength gain is provided by directional formation of low-basic calcium hydrosilicates, hydrogranates and plazolite, which are crystallo chemically similar to each other, and provide a dense and strength cement stone matrix. Modification by a complex additive makes possible to obtain concrete mixes with S4 consistency while a Portland cement consumption per 1m3 of not more than 330 kg, with a compressive strength of 55 MPa, watertightness up to W8, frost resistance up to F400, corrosion resistance coefficients Kc in the magnesium sulfate, sodium and ammonium solutions by 10 to 24%. The introduction of a complex additive also helps to reduce the relative shrinkage by 16 to 19% compared to the control composition, which has a positive effect on the durability of the resulting concrete.


2017 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.I. Koryanova

Often, when it is necessary to fill formwork space in confined working conditions with limited operational control in some engineering solutions the special materials for injection are used. In this case, it is advisable to use high-fluidity concrete mixes made with К-cement, regulator of the kinetics of structure formation, superplasticizer and gas-forming admixture. The gas-forming admixture obtains of expansion of fresh-concrete during first stage. The special sulfo-alumina additive in K-cement obtains of expansion of hardening concrete during second stage. The main regularities in the formation of the structure and properties of cement stone are considered. The dependences "composition-technology-structure-properties" for concretes with two-stage expansion are clarified. The main provisions for determination of mix proportion for concrete are proposed. The quantitative relationships between the construction properties of concretes and prescription and technological factors are obtained.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Tolstoy ◽  
V. S. Lesovik ◽  
A. S. Milkina

Introduction. The important national economic task is to provide the modern construction industry with high-strength and effective materials made using new technological approaches and artificiallyproduced materials. These materials differ from the usual one by high content of cement stone, smaller grain size, multicomponent composition, increased specific surface of the filler. Therefore, the research of such problem would be always relevant according to the constant growth of requirements for the building materials and structures quality.Materials and methods. Experimental studies were conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Construction Materials, Products and Structures. The literary sources’ analysis was made in the scientific and technical library of the Belgorod State Technological University named after V. G. Shukhov. At the same time, standard test procedures and the provisions of the operating instructions for individual devices and equipment were used in the research.Discussion and conclusions. As a result, the models of structure formation in high-strength hardening compositions, in which the principle of structure optimization consisting in creation of the high degree ordering of its constituent elements and tumors, as well as in increasing the adhesion of cement stone particles, are implemented. In addition, the usage of artificially-produced materials and organic additives produces the possibility of reducing the consumption of raw materials and consumption of energy and resources. The mechanism and principles of structure formation management are intensively studied and would be explained later on the basis of synergetic concepts.


1993 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Pommersheim ◽  
James R. Clifton

ABSTRACTDisposal of low-level radioactive waste in concrete vaults buried underground is being considered in the United States and a potentially significant degradation process is sulfate attack. The results of experimental studies and of modeling of the kinetics of sulfate attack of cement-based materials are given. It was concluded that the expansion process involves a two-stage mechanism. The first stage is likely to be diffusion controlled and the second stage appears to be acceleratory due to the development and spread of cracks.


Author(s):  
N. Gurinenko

В материале статьи приведены результаты исследований влияния на кинетику твердения и свойства тяжелого бетона разрабатываемой полифункциональной комплексной добавки, содержащей пластификатор, ультрадисперсный микрокремнезем (УДМК) и ускоряюще-уплотняющий компонент, с целью повышения темпа роста и уровня прочности бетона на основе формирования более плотной структуры цементного камня и зон его контакта с поверхностью зерен заполнителя. Экспериментально подтверждена эффективность предлагаемой добавки при ее применении как в высокопрочном, так и в рядовом по прочности бетоне с целью повышения темпа и уровня роста прочности, снижения энергетических затрат в технологии производства бетонных и железобетонных изделий и монолитном строительстве, повышения плотности и непроницаемости, а на этой основе качественных характеристик бетона водонепроницаемости, морозостойкости и защитной способности по отношению к стальной арматуре. Показана возможность значительного снижения энергетических затрат на прогрев бетона с полифункциональной комплексной добавкой за счет использования термосного режима его твердения с начальным разогревом до 30...35 С и последующей выдержки в тепловом устройстве без подвода тепла. В этих условиях бетон с полифункциональной комплексной добавкой при прогреве по режиму 2 ч. предварительной выдержки, 2 ч. подъема температуры и 12 ч. выдержки в тепловом устройстве набирает прочность на уровне 80...90 от проектной (28 суточной), что достаточно не только для передачи преднапряжения арматуры на бетон, но и для отпуска изделий потребителю. В исследованиях использовали стандартизованные методики оценки прочности и эксплуатационных свойств бетона.The article presents the results of studies on the kinetics of hardening and the properties of heavy concrete being developed by a multifunctional complex additive containing a plasticizer, ultradispersed microsilica (UDMS) and an accelerating compaction component in order to increase the growth rate and level of concrete strength based on the formation of a more dense cement stone structure and zones of its contact with the surface of the aggregate grains. The effectiveness of the proposed additive was experimentally confirmed in its application both in high-strength and ordinary concrete in terms of strength in order to increase the rate and level of strength growth, reduce energy costs in the production technology of concrete and reinforced concrete products and monolithic construction, increase density and impermeability, and on this basis, the quality characteristics of concrete - water resistance, frost resistance and protective ability in relation to steel reinforcement. The possibility of a significant reduction in energy costs for heating concrete with a multifunctional complex additive is shown, due to the use of the thermos mode of its hardening with initial heating to 35 ... 40 C and subsequent aging in a thermal device without heat supply. Under these conditions, concrete with a multifunctional complex additive during heating according to the mode: 2 hours of preliminary exposure, 2 hours of temperature rise, and 12 hours of exposure in a thermal device gains strength at 80 ... 90 of the design (28 days), which is not only enough for transferring prestressing of reinforcement to concrete, but also for dispensing products to the consumer. The studies used standardized methods for assessing the strength and performance properties of concrete.


Author(s):  
R-R. Lee

Partially-stabilized ZrO2 (PSZ) ceramics have considerable potential for advanced structural applications because of their high strength and toughness. These properties derive from small tetragonal ZrO2 (t-ZrO2) precipitates in a cubic (c) ZrO2 matrix, which transform martensitically to monoclinic (m) symmetry under applied stresses. The kinetics of the martensitic transformation is believed to be nucleation controlled and the nucleation is always stress induced. In situ observation of the martensitic transformation using transmission electron microscopy provides considerable information about the nucleation and growth aspects of the transformation.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
O.A. Gaivoronskyi ◽  
◽  
V.D. Poznyakov ◽  
O.M. Berdnikova ◽  
T.O. Alekseenko ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Ram Krishna Mishra ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Manoj Kulshreshtha

Background: The previous studies have focused curing effect of mainly on high strength concrete, where strict supervision is maintained. This study is based upon general purpose concreting work for commercial and residential construction in absence of skilled manpower and supervision. Objective: The objective of this study is to establish a thumb rule to provide 7 days initial curing for maintaining quality for unsupervised concreting irrelevant to type of cement and grading. Methods: In this study concrete samples made with locally available commercial cements were cured for various initial exposure. Results: The results shows that concrete cured after a gap of 4 days from the time of de-moulding have given lowest strength as compared to concrete cured in standard practices i.e. where proper curing protocol had been followed. Conclusion: Initial curing is most important aspect of gaining desired strength. The findings after this study shows that curing affects the strength of concrete in variable grading. Initial curing has great importance for concrete with all types of Portland cement. Concrete with supplementary cementitious materials gives lowest strength initially but results higher strength after 28 days as compared to Portland cement.


Ceramics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-248
Author(s):  
Yuki Sugiura ◽  
Masanori Horie

Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is widely used in biomaterial fabrication by virtue of its unique crystal structure and low environmental loading. Although various ion and molecule substitution methods into the OCP unit lattice have been introduced, it remains unclear which factors and mechanisms dominate the substitution process. Experimental studies have indicated that Na alkali metal ions are substituted at the P3 PO4 conjugated site in acidic to weakly acidic conditions and the P5 PO4 conjugated site in neutral to weak basic conditions. Ionic species calculation methods have indicated that the pair ratios of Na and HPO42− (NaHPO4−) are small in acidic reacting solutions but large under weakly basic conditions. Consequently, the roles played by NaHPO4− and ionic pair formation processes are thought to dominate ion and molecule substitution into the OCP unit lattice. Such ionic pair formation strongly inhibits dicarboxylic acid substitution into the OCP unit lattice due to the replacement of the Ca ion, which conjugates P5 PO4 as an anchor of dicarboxylic acid.


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