scholarly journals Vibrations induced by the passage of trains at various speeds and their effect on the structural response of buildings - an experimental and numerical analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 13007
Author(s):  
Barbara Kożuch ◽  
Filip Pachla ◽  
Tadeusz Tatara
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Vibration Measurement ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Train Speed ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

This paper presents a selection of vibration measurement results and analyses performed with regard to their harmfulness to residential buildings. The first part of the paper refers to the analysis of railway vibrations measured in situ at the foundation level of residential building. These vibration records were then used to assess the harmfulness of vibrations relating to each train speed. Assessment of the vibration harmfulness of the building was performed with an indicator of the perceptibility of vibration through a structure (WODB), according to the Polish standard. The second part of the study refers to the creation of dynamic models of buildings with the use of the ‘Diana’ software program and analysis of their responses to railway vibrations. The thresholds specified by the standard in any of the train speeds of up to 250 km/h were not exceeded. Nevertheless, propagation of vibrations induced by train passages and their effect on the structural response of buildings is a complex phenomenon. Without in situ measurements, it is hard to assess the impact of induced vibrations on buildings. As proven in the paper, a train moving on a track at various speeds does not uniformly make the vibration greater in each frequency band.

scholarly journals Influence of Age on the Technical Wear of Tenement Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Marek Sawicki ◽  
Mariusz Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Impact

The research presented in the article, which includes methods, models, and conclusions, contains synthetic and analytical model solutions concerning the problems of the technical maintenance and wear of residential buildings with a traditional construction. The cause and effect relationships between the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement houses (treated as proof of their maintenance conditions), and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined using a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 residential buildings erected during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Wroclaw’s “Downtown” district. Quantitative damage analysis, which was carried out using empirical (visual) methods of assessing the technical condition of a building, indicates the type and size of damage to the building’s elements that are characteristic for the relevant maintenance conditions. Research concerning the cause–effect relationships (“damage–technical wear”) in observed states allows for a numerical approach to the impact of building maintenance conditions on the degree of the technical wear of its components. The maintenance and exploitation conditions determine the degree of the technical wear of the elements of an old residential building. The exploitation condition of these buildings is manifested by damage to elements caused by water and moisture penetration, which is especially important for poorly maintained buildings. The article shows that the age of the elements of an old residential building with a traditional construction is of secondary importance in the process of the intensity of losing its serviceability value. It was calculated that no more than 30% of the damage of building components is explained by the passage of time, and it is therefore not age that determines the course of the technical wear of the elements of the analyzed tenement houses.

scholarly journals How Climate Trends Impact on the Thermal Performance of a Typical Residential Building in Madrid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Soutullo ◽  
E. Giancola ◽  
M. J. Jiménez ◽  
J. A. Ferrer ◽  
M. N. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Based on the European energy directives, the building sector has to provide comfortable levels for occupants with minimum energy consumption as well as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to compare the impact of climate change on the energy performance of residential buildings in order to derive potential design strategies. Different climate file inputs of Madrid have been used to quantify comparatively the thermal needs of two reference residential buildings located in this city. One of them represents buildings older than 40 years built according to the applicable Spanish regulations prior to 1979. The other refers to buildings erected in the last decade under more energy-restrictive constructive regulations. Three different climate databases of Madrid have been used to assess the impact of the evolution of the climate in recent years on the thermal demands of these two reference buildings. Two of them are typical meteorological years (TMY) derived from weather data measured before 2000. On the contrary, the third one is an experimental file representing the average values of the meteorological variables registered in Madrid during the last decade. Annual and monthly comparisons are done between the three climate databases assessing the climate changes. Compared to the TMYs databases, the experimental one records an average air temperature of 1.8 °C higher and an average value of relative humidity that is 9% lower.

scholarly journals Architecture of residential environment in the settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Glatolenkova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Residential Environment ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Southern Branch ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the peculiarities of formation of residential areas along the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER); analyzes the pattern of settlements; and examines the architectural nuances of residential buildings. The object of this research is the architectural urban development peculiarities of Russian railroad stations on the territory of Northern Manchuria. The subject of this research is the residential environment in the settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway. The chronological framework covers the first three decades of the XX century: beginning of construction and first years of exploitation of the railway, characterized by active urban development process and creation of full-fledged environment for accommodation of construction workers, railway workers, migrants from Russia, Southern Manchuria and mainland China. The theoretical foundation for this study consists in the systemic-axiological approach, according to which the culture defines the system of materialistic and spiritual values passed from one generation to another, and allows determining the value grounds of cultural interaction and its panhuman significance. The work explores the peculiarities of architecture and urban development in the settlements along CER. Study is carried out on the construction process of the railway and living conditions of first workers, approaches towards design of the stations of the main line and the southern branch, as well as architecture of residential building of the settlements. The author considers the impact of Russian environment upon the existing Chinese cities, and the use of the traditional Chinese approaches in the projects by the Russian engineers and architects.

scholarly journals New model for the selection of effective wall solutions for residential buildings

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Tamošaitienė ◽  
Tomas Starta
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Rational Decision Making ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Savage Criterion ◽  
Selection Of

Currently, the construction sector is facing requirements for higher quality and efficiency standards as well as objectives related to value creation. In construction, rational decision-making problems often involve creating a unique complex of criteria, which must consider multiple requirements and conditions. The paper presents the developed model for the selection of multi-layered external walls of a residential building. The model considers the following aspects and parameters: time, cost, quality, environmental conditions, aspects of sustainable development, and problemsolving benefits received from the assessment of alternatives and the development of the model. Game theory was used to calculate the defining rational decision. For the calculations was used game theory: Bayes, Wald’s rule, Savage criterion, Laplace’s rule. This study presents the developed model for the selection of multi-layered external walls of a residential building and calculation results based on game-theory rules, which are effective tools for rational decisionmaking.

scholarly journals On the Low Frequency Impact Noise Measurement in Residential Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012159
Author(s):  
D Urbán ◽  
P Zat’ko
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Pressure ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spatial Averaging ◽  
Impact Noise ◽  
Normative Requirements ◽  
Enclosed Space ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We commonly encounter cases that, despite the fact that buildings meet normative requirements, people are disturbed by unwanted noise generated by walking and other sources of impact noise. It is not unusual that in practice the designer often moves on the edge of the required criteria in order to reduce the cost of constructions and its parts. In this article, we selected 4 blindly chosen cases of flats where complaints from residents about high levels of impact noise were recorded although the construction meets the requirements set out in the standard. Based on the obtained documentation of in-situ performed measurements by different consulting companies, BEM and FEM models were created, and the distribution of acoustic pressure in an enclosed space and compared different methods of spatial averaging of the resulting acoustic pressure were simulated. The aim of this analysis is to point some of the reasons for possible user complaints about the impact noise despite normative requirements. The usual problems are benevolent national requirements and the issue of measuring noise in the low frequency range and underestimating its significance. The article also discusses the currently set requirements for the evaluation of floor structures in selected countries.

scholarly journals Impact of Revised Code NBC105 on Assessment and Design of Low Rise Reinforced Concrete Buildings in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jagat K. Shrestha ◽  
Nirajan Paudel ◽  
Bishal Koirala ◽  
Binod R. Giri ◽  
Adarsha Lamichhane
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Building Codes ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Base Shear ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Buildings ◽  
Concrete Buildings ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Gorkha Earthquake in 2015 has impacted considerably in the design and construction of buildings in Nepal. Strength and Safety of life and constructions have become the prime concerns of the government and the public. Regulation is required to achieve the strength and safety in the constructions. Hence, a need for revision of building codes has been felt and Nepal Building Code, NBC105 has been revised. This paper presents the impact of the revised code on seismic load estimation for low rise reinforced concrete buildings. For the assessment of the impact linear and non- linear static and linear dynamic analysis of reinforced concrete residential buildings of two storey and four Storey has been taken subjected to Indian Standard Codes IS 1893: 2002, IS 1893:2016, Nepal Building Codes NBC 105: 1994 and NBC 105: 2020. The buildings were modeled and analyzed in SAP2000. The response of the buildings such as time period, base shear, drifts, and storey forces from the application of the four codes was compared. The comparison of the results shows that the structural response of the building under the revised NBC105:2020 is 60% to 65% higher compared to the previous code NBC105:1994.

The Selection of Commercial Residential Building Energy Saving Reconstruction Object Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 716-717 ◽  
pp. 533-536
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Zhan She Yang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Enormous Number ◽  
Selection Of

Energy saving of buildings in our country started from 90’s,which is so late that remaining at a low level .Although certain success has been achieved ,architecture reconstruction moves slowly on the whole ,especially for residential buildings. One of the reasons for this situation is lacking of money for energy saving reconstruction .Considering the enormous number of energy saving reconstruction buildings with the limited funds ,human resource and material resource, it is necessary to make a selection before the reconstruction ,weeding out the projects that are too poor to reconstruct in safety, functionality and energy-saving reconstruction, as well as the ones that have good energy saving performance and meet the energy efficiency design standards, which aren’t built for ages. The key point is to choose the existing buildings which are in urgent need of transformation in performance, economically rational and have feasible technic proceeding in batches with plans. Meanwhile, the reconstruction should use appropriate technology, combining with local climate characteristics.

Subjective and objective evaluation of the impact and airborne sound insulation of multi-unit residential buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 778-786
Author(s):  
Maedot S. Andargie ◽  
Marianne Touchie ◽  
William O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Acoustic Comfort ◽  
Acoustic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Multi-unit residential building (MURB) occupants often express dissatisfaction with their suites' acoustic conditions despite existing building acoustic standards and regulations as well as growing research on noise control and building acoustics. Reasons for this include the lack of proper characterization of acoustic comfort in MURBs and lack of comprehensive and stringent regulations. To better understand factors that impact acoustic comfort and explore strategies to improve the acoustic performance of MURBs, investigations of acoustic conditions were carried out. This work presents the results of the investigations which include subjective and objective evaluations of acoustic conditions in two MURBs. Impact sound insulation measurements using both a tapping machine and a rubber ball as well as 24-hour indoor noise monitoring were carried out in unoccupied suites. An online survey was then used to collect subjective assessments of the noise conditions in the buildings and the effects on occupants' comfort post occupancy. Results of the data analysis suggest that occupants are more sensitive to low-frequency impact sounds than mid- and high-frequency impact noise.

scholarly journals Predicting the impact of traffic–induced vibrations on buildings using artificial neural networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 04004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Original Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
The Impact

Traffic–induced vibrations may constitute a considerable load to a building, cause cracking of plaster, cracks in load–bearing elements or even a global structural collapse of the whole structure [1-4]. Vibrations measurements of real structures are costly and laborious, not justified in all cases. The aim of the paper is to create an original algorithm, to predict the negative dynamic impact on the examined residential building with a high probability. The model to forecast the impact of vibrations on buildings is based on artificial neural networks [5]. The author’s own field studies carried out according to the Polish standard [6] and literature examples [7-10] have been used to create the algorithms. The results of the conducted analysis show that an artificial neural network can be considered a good tool to predict the impact of traffic–induced vibrations on residential buildings, with a sufficiently high reliability.

Selection of Hot Water Supply Metering Devices for Residential Buildings

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1267-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Pukhkal ◽  
Boris Jurmanov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Hot Water Supply ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Water Meter

Experimental measurements of actual hot water consumption in residential building have been performed. It was established that distribution of hot water for domestic needs has random character and constitutes non-stationary process. It was proposed for hot water supply systems calculation to employ “rated mode of water consumption”. Rated mode is a simplified mathematical description of entire ordered collection of hourly consumptions anticipated during rated period of hot water supply system operation. Most precise description of water consumption rated mode may be obtained with coefficient of general hourly discontinuity at 98% coverage. Selection of hot water metering devices for residential house requires that operating flow rate of water meter should correspond by maximum to residential building water consumption parameters. Methods of calculation of daily water volumes passing through water meter at flow rates lower than transient flow rate value for the specified device were proposed.

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