scholarly journals Influence of Age on the Technical Wear of Tenement Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Marek Sawicki ◽  
Mariusz Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Impact

The research presented in the article, which includes methods, models, and conclusions, contains synthetic and analytical model solutions concerning the problems of the technical maintenance and wear of residential buildings with a traditional construction. The cause and effect relationships between the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement houses (treated as proof of their maintenance conditions), and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined using a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 residential buildings erected during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Wroclaw’s “Downtown” district. Quantitative damage analysis, which was carried out using empirical (visual) methods of assessing the technical condition of a building, indicates the type and size of damage to the building’s elements that are characteristic for the relevant maintenance conditions. Research concerning the cause–effect relationships (“damage–technical wear”) in observed states allows for a numerical approach to the impact of building maintenance conditions on the degree of the technical wear of its components. The maintenance and exploitation conditions determine the degree of the technical wear of the elements of an old residential building. The exploitation condition of these buildings is manifested by damage to elements caused by water and moisture penetration, which is especially important for poorly maintained buildings. The article shows that the age of the elements of an old residential building with a traditional construction is of secondary importance in the process of the intensity of losing its serviceability value. It was calculated that no more than 30% of the damage of building components is explained by the passage of time, and it is therefore not age that determines the course of the technical wear of the elements of the analyzed tenement houses.

scholarly journals Bayes Conditional Probability of Fuzzy Damage and Technical Wear of Residential Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2518
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Tomasz Stachoń
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the research presented in the article is to identify the impact of the processes associated with the broadly understood maintenance of old residential buildings with a traditional construction on the size and intensity of the wear of their elements. The goal was achieved by analyzing the symptoms of the technical wear process, which involved the understanding of the mechanism of the occurrence of the phenomenon of damage, and the identification of the size and intensity of the damage to the elements of the evaluated buildings. The consequence of systematizing the most important processes that influence the loss of functional properties of residential buildings was the creation of the authors’ own qualitative model and its transformation into a quantitative model. This, in turn, enabled a multi-criteria quantitative analysis of the cause and effect phenomena—“damage-technical wear”—of the most important elements of downtown tenement buildings to be carried out in fuzzy conditions, i.e., uncertainty concerning the occurrence of damage and the wear process. The following key question was answered in the subjective expert assessment of the technical condition of an evaluated residential building: what is the probability of the wear of an element, which may be more or less correlated with its average maintenance conditions, or more simply, what is the probability that the element is more or less (approximately) worn? It has been proven that the conditional probability of the technical wear of an element in relation to its damage increases with the deterioration of the maintenance conditions of the building, and this increase is very regular, even in the case of different building elements. This probability is characterized by a low standard deviation and a narrow range of the dispersion of results in the case of various elements with regards to each of the considered building maintenance conditions.

scholarly journals Case Study of Standard Multi-Storey Residential Building Owners and Tenants’ Perception of Building Technical Conditions and Renovation Issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laimdota Šnīdere ◽  
Ineta Geipele ◽  
Iveta Stāmure
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The Family ◽  
Communal Property ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The majority of residents in Latvia live in standard multi-storey residential buildings, which were constructed between 1950 and 1992. At present, these buildings are obsolete; besides, in the course of construction process the durability and reliability levels were planned to be insufficient. In Riga, residents of standard multi-storey residential buildings do not support building renovation and are passive, despite the availability of the EU and government support as well as co-financing of building renovation projects. The majority of the respondents assume that the apartment is the most significant asset of the family. Moreover, 34 % - 69 % of the participants have renovated their apartment and save resources within their apartment boundaries. Only some respondents evaluate the technical condition of communal property, but most respondents do not have information concerning resource supply and energy accounting as well as are not interested in resource saving possibilities within the building in general, and do not understand the importance of technical maintenance of the building.

scholarly journals Damage and Technical Wear of Tenement Houses in Fuzzy Set Categories

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1484
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Marek Sawicki ◽  
Mariusz Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Set ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Subjective Factor ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Stage ◽  
Good Medium

The results and conclusions of the research presented in the article concern the topic of the technical maintenance and wear of traditionally erected residential buildings. The cause and effect relations between the occurrence of damage to the elements of tenement houses, which are treated as an expression of their maintenance conditions, and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined in a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 apartment houses built in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries in the Wroclaw, Poland downtown district “Srodmiescie”. Recognition of the impact of the maintenance of residential buildings on the level of their technical wear was carried out using quantitative methods from fuzzy set categories, and also with the use of the authors’ own model. The created model, based on the Zadeh function, was created in fuzzy conditions for the purpose of assessing the degree of damage to selected building elements. The treatment of the problem with regard to fuzzy criteria allowed for the synthesis of elementary criteria, which give the greatest approximations at the technical research stage of a residential building, into a global assessment of the degree of the wear of its elements. Moreover, it also significantly reduced the subjective factor of this assessment, which had a significant impact on the results of the research obtained in the case of good, medium and poor conditions of tenement houses. It was proven that the conditions of maintenance and use of buildings determine the amount of technical wear of their elements. The state of exploitation of the examined tenement houses is reflected in the mechanical damage to the internal structure of the elements (determined in fuzzy categories). This damage has a significant frequency and cumulative effects, and is characteristic for buildings with satisfactory and average maintenance.

scholarly journals Correlation between Defects and Technical Wear of Materials Used in Traditional Construction

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2482
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Mariusz Rejment
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Water Penetration ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Wear Process ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measurable Property

The degree of technical wear of old buildings, which are made of basic materials (cement, concrete, steel, timber, plaster, brick) using traditional technology, is expressed by the size and intensity of damage to their elements. The topic of the research concerns old residential buildings from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, which are located in the downtown district of Wroclaw, Poland. The descriptive analysis and the analysis of the definitions of defects that occur in the elements of residential buildings, which were performed as random analyzes, do not allow defects to be considered as measurable variables at a level of visual investigation. The major drawback of the method that is used by experts when assessing the technical condition of civil engineering buildings is that it does not numerically express the magnitude (strength) of the defects. Therefore, an attempt was made to numerically express the relationship (if such a relationship exists) between the occurred defects of buildings and the extent of their technical wear process. When calculating the strength of this relationship, the method of determining the point biserial correlation coefficient for the measurable property and the dichotomous property was used. It was found that the direction of the relation is right-hand for all the tested building elements, but the strength of the correlation between the detected defects and technical wear shows a considerable span and depends on the conditions of the apartment house’s maintenance. As a rule, damage caused by water penetration and moisture penetration always shows correlations of at least moderate strength.

scholarly journals DECISION-MAKING MODEL SUPPORTING THE PROCESS OF PLANNING EXPENDITURES FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING RENOVATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 1200-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert BUCOŃ ◽  
Michał TOMCZAK
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Building Assessment ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
Building Condition

The problem of multi-family building maintenance is complex and comprises numerous issues, one of which is the process of planning expenditures for residential building renovation. This task is important from the manager’s point of view as their responsibility is to maintain a building in a non-deteriorated condition. To fulfil this task, the authors of this paper suggest utilising a decision-making model aimed at defining renovation activities making it possible to retain the maintenance standard (as regards newly commissioned residential buildings) or improve it (as regards existing buildings). The suggested model is based on a multi-criteria building assessment including seven requirements. The calculations conducted using the suggested model enable us to define the costs and scope of renovation taken to ensure the assumed building condition or, by assuming various rates paid to the renovation reserve, to define the period in which the above-mentioned goals may be achieved.

scholarly journals How Climate Trends Impact on the Thermal Performance of a Typical Residential Building in Madrid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Soutullo ◽  
E. Giancola ◽  
M. J. Jiménez ◽  
J. A. Ferrer ◽  
M. N. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Based on the European energy directives, the building sector has to provide comfortable levels for occupants with minimum energy consumption as well as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to compare the impact of climate change on the energy performance of residential buildings in order to derive potential design strategies. Different climate file inputs of Madrid have been used to quantify comparatively the thermal needs of two reference residential buildings located in this city. One of them represents buildings older than 40 years built according to the applicable Spanish regulations prior to 1979. The other refers to buildings erected in the last decade under more energy-restrictive constructive regulations. Three different climate databases of Madrid have been used to assess the impact of the evolution of the climate in recent years on the thermal demands of these two reference buildings. Two of them are typical meteorological years (TMY) derived from weather data measured before 2000. On the contrary, the third one is an experimental file representing the average values of the meteorological variables registered in Madrid during the last decade. Annual and monthly comparisons are done between the three climate databases assessing the climate changes. Compared to the TMYs databases, the experimental one records an average air temperature of 1.8 °C higher and an average value of relative humidity that is 9% lower.

scholarly journals Analysis of repair works to remove the effects of structural failure after a gas explosion

2019 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 02002
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bąk ◽  
Ryszard Chmielewski
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Failure ◽  
Gas Explosion ◽  
Gas Explosions ◽  
Construction Supervision ◽  
Bearing Structure ◽  
Construction Works

The article presents the issues of repair works in a multi-family residential building, whose structural and non – structural elements have been damaged and destroyed by a gas explosion and the fire. Gas explosions in residential buildings constitute a small percentage of the total number of building disasters, however, due to the relatively large number of injured people, these incidents are very dangerous [1]. Moreover, the gas explosion often leads to significant material losses and fatalities. Proper assessment of the load-bearing structure after such incident requires an extensive knowledge of the behaviour of structures. The first authority, that issues a decision regarding further use is Construction Supervision Inspector. Until the demolition of the object is ordered, the next step is to provide expert report made by an authorized construction expert, whose aim is to assess the technical condition of the elements of the structure and to determine the scope of necessary repair works. Construction expert, who give such opinion during the assessment of objects immediately after such incident, often has limited access to structural elements, moreover these elements often are covered. Hence, the recommendations contained in these reports often do not include all of required construction works.

scholarly journals Architecture of residential environment in the settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Glatolenkova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Residential Environment ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Southern Branch ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the peculiarities of formation of residential areas along the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER); analyzes the pattern of settlements; and examines the architectural nuances of residential buildings. The object of this research is the architectural urban development peculiarities of Russian railroad stations on the territory of Northern Manchuria. The subject of this research is the residential environment in the settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway. The chronological framework covers the first three decades of the XX century: beginning of construction and first years of exploitation of the railway, characterized by active urban development process and creation of full-fledged environment for accommodation of construction workers, railway workers, migrants from Russia, Southern Manchuria and mainland China. The theoretical foundation for this study consists in the systemic-axiological approach, according to which the culture defines the system of materialistic and spiritual values passed from one generation to another, and allows determining the value grounds of cultural interaction and its panhuman significance. The work explores the peculiarities of architecture and urban development in the settlements along CER. Study is carried out on the construction process of the railway and living conditions of first workers, approaches towards design of the stations of the main line and the southern branch, as well as architecture of residential building of the settlements. The author considers the impact of Russian environment upon the existing Chinese cities, and the use of the traditional Chinese approaches in the projects by the Russian engineers and architects.

scholarly journals Degradation of urban space as a negative effect of mine closures

2021 ◽  
Vol 942 (1) ◽  
pp. 012028
Author(s):  
A Kozlowska-Woszczycka
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
General Condition ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The article presents one of the social aspects of mine closure, which concerns degraded urban space. One of the post-industrial districts of Waibrzych: Sobiecin was selected as a case study, in which the general condition of the buildings was assessed. The closure of mines is the last stage of mining activity, the result of which should be a permanent minimization of the negative consequences of the impact of the mining industry. The closure of mining enterprises has environmental, social and economic consequences. The liquidation of the Waibrzych coal mines in the 1990s resulted in a rapid de-industrialization of the region and did not provide the means to contain the domino effect it caused. At that time, economic and social changes began in Waibrzych, and unorganized and intense changes took place in the city space. Liquidation processes in the mining industry have led, among others, to the physical and aesthetic degradation of residential buildings and other facilities. The purpose of this article is to assess the general condition of buildings located in an area affected by the negative consequences of mine closures. To achieve this goal, an inventory of the technical condition of the buildings was made. The external elements of the building were assessed by means of a field interview: the facade, door and window joinery and roof covering. The inventory process was supported by drone flights. The collected data was used for graphic and tabular studies, summarizing the condition of buildings and the degree of degradation of urban space.

Subjective and objective evaluation of the impact and airborne sound insulation of multi-unit residential buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 778-786
Author(s):  
Maedot S. Andargie ◽  
Marianne Touchie ◽  
William O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Acoustic Comfort ◽  
Acoustic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Multi-unit residential building (MURB) occupants often express dissatisfaction with their suites' acoustic conditions despite existing building acoustic standards and regulations as well as growing research on noise control and building acoustics. Reasons for this include the lack of proper characterization of acoustic comfort in MURBs and lack of comprehensive and stringent regulations. To better understand factors that impact acoustic comfort and explore strategies to improve the acoustic performance of MURBs, investigations of acoustic conditions were carried out. This work presents the results of the investigations which include subjective and objective evaluations of acoustic conditions in two MURBs. Impact sound insulation measurements using both a tapping machine and a rubber ball as well as 24-hour indoor noise monitoring were carried out in unoccupied suites. An online survey was then used to collect subjective assessments of the noise conditions in the buildings and the effects on occupants' comfort post occupancy. Results of the data analysis suggest that occupants are more sensitive to low-frequency impact sounds than mid- and high-frequency impact noise.

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