scholarly journals Architecture of residential environment in the settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Glatolenkova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Residential Environment ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Southern Branch ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

This article examines the peculiarities of formation of residential areas along the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER); analyzes the pattern of settlements; and examines the architectural nuances of residential buildings. The object of this research is the architectural urban development peculiarities of Russian railroad stations on the territory of Northern Manchuria. The subject of this research is the residential environment in the settlements along the Chinese Eastern Railway. The chronological framework covers the first three decades of the XX century: beginning of construction and first years of exploitation of the railway, characterized by active urban development process and creation of full-fledged environment for accommodation of construction workers, railway workers, migrants from Russia, Southern Manchuria and mainland China. The theoretical foundation for this study consists in the systemic-axiological approach, according to which the culture defines the system of materialistic and spiritual values passed from one generation to another, and allows determining the value grounds of cultural interaction and its panhuman significance. The work explores the peculiarities of architecture and urban development in the settlements along CER. Study is carried out on the construction process of the railway and living conditions of first workers, approaches towards design of the stations of the main line and the southern branch, as well as architecture of residential building of the settlements. The author considers the impact of Russian environment upon the existing Chinese cities, and the use of the traditional Chinese approaches in the projects by the Russian engineers and architects.

scholarly journals Influence of Age on the Technical Wear of Tenement Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Marek Sawicki ◽  
Mariusz Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Impact

The research presented in the article, which includes methods, models, and conclusions, contains synthetic and analytical model solutions concerning the problems of the technical maintenance and wear of residential buildings with a traditional construction. The cause and effect relationships between the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement houses (treated as proof of their maintenance conditions), and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined using a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 residential buildings erected during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Wroclaw’s “Downtown” district. Quantitative damage analysis, which was carried out using empirical (visual) methods of assessing the technical condition of a building, indicates the type and size of damage to the building’s elements that are characteristic for the relevant maintenance conditions. Research concerning the cause–effect relationships (“damage–technical wear”) in observed states allows for a numerical approach to the impact of building maintenance conditions on the degree of the technical wear of its components. The maintenance and exploitation conditions determine the degree of the technical wear of the elements of an old residential building. The exploitation condition of these buildings is manifested by damage to elements caused by water and moisture penetration, which is especially important for poorly maintained buildings. The article shows that the age of the elements of an old residential building with a traditional construction is of secondary importance in the process of the intensity of losing its serviceability value. It was calculated that no more than 30% of the damage of building components is explained by the passage of time, and it is therefore not age that determines the course of the technical wear of the elements of the analyzed tenement houses.

scholarly journals How Climate Trends Impact on the Thermal Performance of a Typical Residential Building in Madrid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Soutullo ◽  
E. Giancola ◽  
M. J. Jiménez ◽  
J. A. Ferrer ◽  
M. N. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Based on the European energy directives, the building sector has to provide comfortable levels for occupants with minimum energy consumption as well as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to compare the impact of climate change on the energy performance of residential buildings in order to derive potential design strategies. Different climate file inputs of Madrid have been used to quantify comparatively the thermal needs of two reference residential buildings located in this city. One of them represents buildings older than 40 years built according to the applicable Spanish regulations prior to 1979. The other refers to buildings erected in the last decade under more energy-restrictive constructive regulations. Three different climate databases of Madrid have been used to assess the impact of the evolution of the climate in recent years on the thermal demands of these two reference buildings. Two of them are typical meteorological years (TMY) derived from weather data measured before 2000. On the contrary, the third one is an experimental file representing the average values of the meteorological variables registered in Madrid during the last decade. Annual and monthly comparisons are done between the three climate databases assessing the climate changes. Compared to the TMYs databases, the experimental one records an average air temperature of 1.8 °C higher and an average value of relative humidity that is 9% lower.

scholarly journals Field Measurement and Numerical Simulation of the Relationship Between Vertical Wind Environment and Building Morphology in Residential Areas in Xi’an, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Feng ◽  
Meng Zhen ◽  
Wei Ding ◽  
Qishu Zou
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Vertical Wind ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Building Height ◽  
Ventilation Efficiency ◽  
Morphological Index ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The inadequate consideration of the impact of building morphology on ventilation efficiency in many urban residential areas has resulted in a series of environmental problems that threaten human health. The purpose of this paper is to establish a prediction model between ventilation efficiency and building forms in residential areas. Firstly, the characteristics of vertical wind profile in residential areas are measured through unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); secondly, the wind speed ratio (WSR) at different height levels under the impact of morphological index (floor area ratio, building density, average building height, enclosure degree, height fall and maximum building height) in the residential area is simulated by ENVI-met; finally, two kinds of prediction formulas are obtained: (1) the average ventilation efficiency at the pedestrian level and (2) the prediction formula of WSR at different heights. The results show that the wind speed (WS) in residential area below 35 m is about 0.6 m/s lower than that in park. The results of numerical simulation show that the mean WSR at the pedestrian level is negatively correlated with each index and the height fall morphological index has the greatest impact on the WSR at different heights. The research can provide a reference for the optimal planning and design of ventilation efficiency of residential buildings, especially those in static wind areas.

scholarly journals Modern Confucianism and the concept of sustainable development

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Alexander Chebunin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Patriarchal Ideology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Capitalistic System ◽  
The Impact

This article examines interrelation between the concept of Confucianism and sustainable development, as well as their theoretical mutual influence in the context of the development of China’s modern social-humanistic thought. The research employs the methods of comparative analysis, system and structural approaches. The subject of this study is mostly modern scientific articles from the publication “Confucianism and Sustainable Development of Mankind” of November 16-19, 2019 based on the VI Congress of the International Confucian Association in Beijing, as well as the research of the Chinese authors on the topic. Special attention is given to the impact of the traditional spiritual heritage upon substantiation of the modern concept. The main conclusion lies in the statement that the ideas of Confucianism are widely used for the theoretical justification of the concept of sustainable development, namely from the ethical perspective, which proves rather declarative-propagandistic nature of these works. Similar focus on the humanistic and ethical aspects of Confucianism as a reputable evidence of the modern concept of sustainable development on the level of scientific abstraction and theorization levels out the systemic problem of economic and sociopolitical structure as the key source of the all-round crisis. Namely this structure reproduces the consumer type of personality as the foundation of capitalistic system, which in many ways contradicts the traditional spiritual values. This may lead to humanization of the traditional spiritual doctrines, including Confucianism, which is oriented towards humanistic values of individualism and primacy of a human. Such influence of the liberal-humanist ideology on Confucianism distorts its basic worldview attitudes as a conservative patriarchal ideology, and turns it into the instrument of ethical manipulation.

Subjective and objective evaluation of the impact and airborne sound insulation of multi-unit residential buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (6) ◽  
pp. 778-786
Author(s):  
Maedot S. Andargie ◽  
Marianne Touchie ◽  
William O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Sound Insulation ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Acoustic Comfort ◽  
Acoustic Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Multi-unit residential building (MURB) occupants often express dissatisfaction with their suites' acoustic conditions despite existing building acoustic standards and regulations as well as growing research on noise control and building acoustics. Reasons for this include the lack of proper characterization of acoustic comfort in MURBs and lack of comprehensive and stringent regulations. To better understand factors that impact acoustic comfort and explore strategies to improve the acoustic performance of MURBs, investigations of acoustic conditions were carried out. This work presents the results of the investigations which include subjective and objective evaluations of acoustic conditions in two MURBs. Impact sound insulation measurements using both a tapping machine and a rubber ball as well as 24-hour indoor noise monitoring were carried out in unoccupied suites. An online survey was then used to collect subjective assessments of the noise conditions in the buildings and the effects on occupants' comfort post occupancy. Results of the data analysis suggest that occupants are more sensitive to low-frequency impact sounds than mid- and high-frequency impact noise.

scholarly journals Predicting the impact of traffic–induced vibrations on buildings using artificial neural networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 ◽  
pp. 04004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Original Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
The Impact

Traffic–induced vibrations may constitute a considerable load to a building, cause cracking of plaster, cracks in load–bearing elements or even a global structural collapse of the whole structure [1-4]. Vibrations measurements of real structures are costly and laborious, not justified in all cases. The aim of the paper is to create an original algorithm, to predict the negative dynamic impact on the examined residential building with a high probability. The model to forecast the impact of vibrations on buildings is based on artificial neural networks [5]. The author’s own field studies carried out according to the Polish standard [6] and literature examples [7-10] have been used to create the algorithms. The results of the conducted analysis show that an artificial neural network can be considered a good tool to predict the impact of traffic–induced vibrations on residential buildings, with a sufficiently high reliability.

scholarly journals Application of Thermal Engineering in Building Stock, Sophisticated Thermotechnical Systems Integrated in Buildings, and Pathogenic Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mile Šiljak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Target Function ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Thermal Engineering ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Given

Planned and/or unplanned developments in the setting, which are directly or indirectly in connection to a certain profession or are of multidisciplinary character, have impact on initiation and steering of the course and direction of research campaigns of “vigilant” professional analysts and/or researchers of a profession, i.e. professions. It was the occurrence of the “vicious infection - SARS CoV 2” at the territory of Planet Earth which also initiated the subject professional research in the area of applied thermal engineering within two partial units which may be in interaction with the infection, i.e. which may also be in causal connection: “applied thermal engineering in building stock (only business and residential buildings)”- “sophisticated thermotechnical system integrated in a business or residential building”- “pathogenic microorganisms”. When general, professional and/or scientific public was faced with occurrence of plentitude of information, misinformation, interpretations, misconceptions, and/or ambiguities in the “black box of SARS CoV 2 pandemic”, the subject research was initiated in an analytical and principled manner with application of methods of analysis based on the “logic of rational action” in the given area. The aspects of the approach are adapted to the subject of the research, imperatively and consecutively imposed by the need for analysis and evaluation of causality between the given partial units and pathogenic microorganisms. In relation to the accepted partial units in the stage of utilization of the existing business or residential building for the dedicated purpose, the findings point that, inter alia, if such buildings were constructed as a result of conscientious, competent, responsible, and highly professional work of multidisciplinary builders and if they comprise adequate integrated sophisticated thermotechnical systems which have systematic, functional, and operating capability and which achieve satisfactory target function of the system, they do not “generate” pathogenic microorganisms, do not participate in their transfer, do not intensify their pathogenic properties and activity, do not contribute to occurrence of pandemics, do not jeopardize human health, and do not cause their mortality, etc. but are basically also not intended to “destroy” pathogenic microorganisms reaching the system from the outside and/or treated limited closed spaced within the building frequented by people off their working activities and/or pursuing their working activities, individually or in groups. Depending on the type of the current sophisticated thermotechnical system in the building, if necessary, it is possible to perform interventions aimed at reconstruction so as to “immunize” the system in a manner which may be recognized and designed by professional, competent, experienced, and dedicated thermal engineers. It needs to be noted that the subject exploration is conducted for deontological reasons, with the aim to promote theory and practice in the given.

scholarly journals Collective space on residential as a resilience measure to disaster mitigation earthquakes and liquefaction

2022 ◽  
Vol 1212 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
A Mulyati ◽  
M Najib ◽  
A M Y Astha
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Environmental Infrastructure

Abstract Disasters have just hit Palu, Sigi, and Donggala, resulting in the fall of so many victims, not only humans but also city and village physicals (residential buildings, facilities, and infrastructure). Several villages hit by the disaster were hamlet 3 Vou, Langaleso village, Dolo sub-district, Jono Oge village, Biromaru sub-district, and Sigi district. The village’s condition was damaged, but most of the buildings and plants were lost to the mud. Settlement neighborhoods that should be full of activity are nowhere to be seen, and people become apathetic. They just accept this situation and are always waiting for help. Huntara, a form of assistance provided by funders, temporarily occupy the settlers’ land because the condition of the land or land needs to be cleared for the rebuilding process. The provision of inclusive spaces is one of the efforts to mitigate disasters in residential areas, namely public spaces that can be used by all settlers. These spaces must be safe and provide comfort, easy to reach, and become part of the residential environment. Village arrangement is one way that can be done to minimize the impact of a disaster. Arrangement of buildings, facilities, and environmental infrastructure are necessary not to create chaos in development. Also, aspects of environmentally friendly residential (village) spatial patterns, structural systems, and building construction that meet the requirements (SNI), the application of local and humane wisdom are no less important to consider in the process of procuring inclusive spaces in settlements, structuring villages, especially after a disaster.

EVOLUTION OF THE HEALTH DISORDERS RISK IN THE POPULATION UNDER DEVELOPMENT OF URBANIZED TERRITORIES

Akustika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Nina Zaitseva ◽  
Dmitrii Koshurnikov ◽  
Stanislav Balashov
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Noise Factor ◽  
Moderate Risk ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, an approach has been tested for assessing and mapping the risk levels caused by the impact of the noise factor in urban development on the example of urbanized areas of a large city. The approach is based on an acoustic modeling algorithm associated with work in geographic information systems (hereinafter referred to as GIS) for the tasks of hygienic regulation and health risk assessment of the population living in dense urban areas. The paper describes the identification and integration of a set of initial data on the noise factor of exposure with the subsequent construction of a computational model. The results obtained are supplemented with methodological approaches to assess the health risk of the population from the impact of traffic noise in accordance with the approved methodological recommendations for the impact of this factor. Risk levels are calculated without changes in the urban planning situation in the study area with the duration of residence of the exposed population of 20, 30, 40 years. In addition, predictive calculations of changes in risk levels for a period of 20, 30, 40 years in the context of a construction project were performed. Risk calculations were carried out at 49210 calculated points located in 38 planes, including at a height of 1.5 m at the level of human breathing in the area of residential buildings, corresponding to each computational grid, to build a volumetric (3D) model. The volumetric model is built to assess the living conditions of the exposed population, depending on the floor of residence. A moderate risk before the implementation of a construction project is formed up to a maximum of 13, 21, 23 meters in living conditions for 20, 30, 40 years, respectively, while after the implementation of the project, a moderate risk reaches a maximum height of 21, 39, 51 meters in conditions of a similar exposure duration (20, 30, 40 years old). A high risk in both cases is observed at a height of 1.5 - 3 meters above ground level only during 40 years of living in the area of this exposure, which is due to the previously close located highways. Thus, under dense urban development, it is optimal to live on the middle floors (7-8 floors) and above, in conditions of chronic exposure to the noise factor.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT ON THE LEVEL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT ORGANISATION IN TERRITORIES / MIESTŲ URBANISTINĖS PLĖTROS ĮTAKA TERITORIJŲ VIEŠOJO TRANSPORTO ORGANIZAVIMO LYGIUI

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
Marija Burinskienė ◽  
Modesta Gusarovienė
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Working People ◽  
Peripheral Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Urban development of a modern city should combine and cover most of areas. One of the most important areas that ensure sustainable urban development is the sustainable development of the system of communication. This is one of the most important factors that shapes the city and has a direct influence on urban socio-economic viability, ensuring the quality of the environment and safe traffic conditions. Cities formed in the course of historical processes usually divide into certain areas, centres-cores, peripheral zones, functional centres etc. A territorial communication system, as well as all other infrastructure, must meet the needs of local residents and working people in the broad sense. The article analyses how the communication system infrastructure meets the spatial functioning in order to ensure conditions for work and development. In the case of Vilnius, the level of public transport organisation at the core of the city and peripheral areas is examined. The majority of residents live in residential areas dominated by multi-apartment buildings: Žirmūnai, Lazdynai, Karoliniškės, Šeškinė, Justiniškės and Fabijoniškės are areas populated by more than 5% of residents, with 4.5% residing at Antakalnis and Pašilaičiai. As these areas are easy to reach from work, they constitute the main transport zone of the city with Centras, Žvėrynas, Viršuliškės, Vilkpėdė, Šnipiškės and Baltupiai as intermediary zones. Express buses are serving the main core of the city that covers 27 transport zones out of 50; this territory covers 32% of the total area of Vilnius and the area contains 85% of the urban population and jobs. Šiuolaikinio miesto urbanistinė plėtra turi būti kompleksinė ir apimti daugumą sričių. Viena iš svarbiausių sričių, užtikrinanti darnią miestų urbanistinę plėtrą – susisiekimo sistemos darnioji plėtra. Tai vienas svarbiausių miestą formuojančių veiksnių, turinčių tiesioginės įtakos miestų socialiniam-ekonominiam gyvybingumui, užtikrinančių aplinkos kokybę ir saugias eismo sąlygas. Istorinių procesų eigoje susiformavę miestai, kaip įprasta, dalijasi į tam tikras teritorijas – centrus-branduolius, periferines zonas, funkcinius centrus ir kt. Teritorijų susisiekimo sistemos, kaip ir visa kita infrastruktūra, turi tenkinti tos teritorijos gyventojų ir darbo žmonių poreikius plačiąja prasme. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama susisiekimo sistemos infrastruktūros atitiktis teritorijų funkcionavimui, siekiant užtikrinti sąlygas dirbti ir vystytis. Vilniaus pavyzdžiu nagrinėjamas viešojo transporto organizavimo miesto branduolyje bei periferinėse zonose lygis. Gyvenamuosiuose rajonuose, kur vyrauja daugiaaukščiai, gyvena didžioji dalis miestiečių: daugiau nei po 5 % miesto gyventojų Žirmūnų, Lazdynų Karoliniškių, Šeškinės, Justiniškių, Fabijoniškių rajonuose, per 4,5 % – Antakalnio ir Pašilaičių rajonuose. Visi šie rajonai gyventojų darbo pasiekiamumo pagrindu formuoja pagrindinę miesto susisiekimo zoną, į kurią kaip tarpiniai rajonai dar patenka Centro, Žvėryno, Viršuliškių Vilkpėdės, Šnipiškių, Baltupių rajonai. Greitieji autobusai aptarnauja pagrindinį miesto branduolį, į kurį patenka 27 transportiniai rajonai iš 50, jų teritorija sudaro 32 % visos Vilniaus teritorijos, ši teritorija apima 85 % gyventojų ir darbo vietų.

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