Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) Exposure Map Development Using GIS for Gong Badak, Terengganu, Malaysia

Public Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) exposure should be monitored by the government since it has proven harmful for human. Even though some studies reported that low frequency spectrum is safe, the other says that long and repetitive exposure may affect health. Thus, this study is conducted to measure the ambient NIR exposure value in the selected Terengganu area, Malaysia. The values were then used to develop a spatial model of exposure to see the radiation exposure pattern. From the findings, we found that the value was higher nearby base stations which are normally erected around residential area where the telecommunication network user is high. Thus, this study is crucial to determine the level of exposure for future plan. This findings can be used by the government to control the radio-frequency transmission and active spectrum service provider in order to limit the radiation exposure for public health concern.

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Survey of radiofrequency radiation levels around GSM base stations and evaluation of measurement uncertainty

Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection ◽

10.2298/ntrp1103214v ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 214-217

Author(s):

Branislav Vulevic ◽

Predrag Osmokrovic ◽

Dragan Kovacevic

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Measurement Uncertainty ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

General Public ◽

Base Stations ◽

Basic Information ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Radiofrequency Radiation ◽

Exposure Levels ◽

Ionizing Radiation Exposure

This paper is a summary of broadband measurement values of radiofrequency radiation around GSM base stations in the vicinity of residential areas in Belgrade and 12 other cities in Serbia. It will be useful for determining non-ionizing radiation exposure levels of the general public in the future. The purpose of this paper is also an appropriate representation of basic information on the evaluation of measurement uncertainty.

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The problem of ionizing radiation exposure of the radiologists in the opinion of students of Medical Faculties of the Medical University of Lublin

Annales UMCS Medicina ◽

10.2478/v10079-008-0040-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 230-233

Author(s):

Elżbieta Czekajska-Chehab ◽

Piotr Przybylski ◽

Marcin Pankowicz ◽

Maria Korzec ◽

Andrzej Drop

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Medical Faculties ◽

Medical University ◽

Ionizing Radiation Exposure

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Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

Calabar Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.25259/cjhs_9_2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 36-39

Author(s):

Samson O. Paulinus ◽

Benjamin E. Udoh ◽

Bassey E. Archibong ◽

Akpama E. Egong ◽

Akwa E. Erim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Work Experience ◽

Radiation Risk ◽

Radiological Protection ◽

X Ray ◽

Tertiary Hospitals ◽

Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

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A systematic review on the effect of low-dose radiation on hearing

Radiation and Environmental Biophysics ◽

10.1007/s00411-021-00926-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Srikanth Nayak ◽

Arivudai Nambi ◽

Sathish Kumar ◽

P Hariprakash ◽

Pradeep Yuvaraj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Low Dose ◽

Behavioral Symptoms ◽

National Council ◽

Low Dose Radiation ◽

Cochlear Function ◽

High Frequencies ◽

Dose Radiation

AbstractNumerous studies have documented the adverse effects of high-dose radiation on hearing in patients. On the other hand, radiographers are exposed to a low dose of ionizing radiation, and the effect of a low dose of radiation on hearing is quite abstruse. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to elucidate the effect of low-dose ionizing radiation on hearing. Two authors independently carried out a comprehensive data search in three electronic databases, including PUBMED/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and SCOPUS. Eligible articles were independently assessed for quality by two authors. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used assess quality of the included studies. Two articles met the low-dose radiation exposure criteria given by Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB) and National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) guidelines. Both studies observed the behavioral symptoms, pure-tone hearing sensitivity at the standard, extended high frequencies, and the middle ear functioning in low-dose radiation-exposed individuals and compared with age and gender-matched controls. One study assessed the cochlear function using transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE). Both studies reported that behavioral symptoms of auditory dysfunction and hearing thresholds at extended high frequencies were higher in radiation-exposed individuals than in the controls. The current systematic review concludes that the low-dose ionizing radiation may affect the hearing adversely. Nevertheless, further studies with robust research design are required to explicate the cause and effect relationship between the occupational low-dose ionizing radiation exposure and hearing.

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Pre-Hospital Pain Management in Children with Injuries: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10143056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (14) ◽

pp. 3056

Author(s):

Ada Holak ◽

Michał Czapla ◽

Marzena Zielińska

Keyword(s):

Pain Management ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Pain Assessment ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Health Concern ◽

School Age Children ◽

Medical Teams

Background: The all-too-frequent failure to rate pain intensity, resulting in the lack of or inadequacy of pain management, has long ceased to be an exclusive problem of the young patient, becoming a major public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the methods used for reducing post-traumatic pain in children and the frequency of use of such methods. Additionally, the methods of pain assessment and the frequency of their application in this age group were analysed. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 2452 medical records of emergency medical teams dispatched to injured children aged 0–18 years in the area around Warsaw (Poland). Results: Of all injured children, 1% (20 out of 2432) had their pain intensity rated, and the only tool used for this assessment was the numeric rating scale (NRS). Children with burns most frequently received a single analgesic drug or cooling (56.2%), whereas the least frequently used method was multimodal treatment combining pharmacotherapy and cooling (13.5%). Toddlers constituted the largest percentage of patients who were provided with cooling (12%). Immobilisation was most commonly used in adolescents (29%) and school-age children (n = 186; 24%). Conclusions: Low frequency of pain assessment emphasises the need to provide better training in the use of various pain rating scales and protocols. What is more, non-pharmacological methods (cooling and immobilisation) used for reducing pain in injured children still remain underutilized.

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Effects of resveratrol against scattered radiation-induced testicular damage in rats

Turkish Journal of Biochemistry ◽

10.1515/tjb-2020-0320 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Tarik Emre Sener ◽

Beste Melek Atasoy ◽

Ozge Cevik ◽

Ozlem Tugce Cilingir Kaya ◽

Sule Cetinel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Scattered Radiation ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Sirtuin 1 ◽

Protective Agent ◽

Testicular Damage ◽

Testosterone Levels ◽

Protein Expressions ◽

Ionizing Radiation Exposure

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the possible protective effects of resveratrol against oxidative testicular damage due to scattered radiation during pelvic ionizing radiation exposure in rats.MethodsRats were divided into 5 groups; control, radiation, and radiation + resveratrol therapy in early and late periods. Under anesthesia, 20 Gy ionizing radiation was applied to prostatic region. Resveratrol was administered (10 mg/kg/day) orally before ionizing radiation exposure. Animals were decapitated at the end of 1st and 10th weeks. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress; caspase-3 and sirtuin-1 protein expressions; testosterone levels were evaluated, histological examinations were performed.ResultsSignificant increases in malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels, myeloperoxidase, and caspase-3 activities were observed after ionizing radiation exposure, also superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities were significantly decreased. Radiotherapy increased caspase-3 and decreased sirtuin-1 protein expressions. Resveratrol treatment significantly reversed these parameters and also reversed the decrease in testosterone levels back to control levels in late period.ConclusionResveratrol showed antioxidant and sirtuin-activating properties against oxidative damage caused by scattered radiation to testis and provided hormonal protection. These results suggest that resveratrol may be an alternative protective agent on testicular tissues against the effects of scattered pelvic radiation.

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