scholarly journals Expert poll in complex system projects – scientometric view on the trend of redundancy research

2021 ◽  
Vol 341 ◽  
pp. 00066
Author(s):  
Victor Egorov ◽  
Andrey Rementsov ◽  
Tatyana Egorovа ◽  
Alexander Rementsov
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Complex Vector ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Existence And Stability ◽  
Integral Characteristics ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

When carrying out research works in the economic, political, sociological fields, as well as in the sphere of governance and in management, we widely apply the integral characteristics of a plenty of factors affecting the existence, functioning and further effectiveness of the existence of the object being studied - a social phenomenon, the development and extinction socio-political trends, the existence and stability of specific clusters of economic projects or some large technical projects, etc. Since the influence manifestations of different factors are different, for estimation of their influence complex (vector. To assess the impact, an analysis of expert opinions is carried out, often with multiple redundancy. Such an approach can lead not to an increase in reliability, but to the opposite result, certainly leading to an increase in the cost of preliminary analysis.

A hybrid framework to model factors affecting construction labour productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 630-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Parchami Jalal ◽  
Shahab Shoar
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Schedule Delay ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Hybrid Framework ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to model different causal relations among factors interacting with labour productivity in order to recognize the most important factors influencing and influenced by it. Design/methodology/approach Top 60 factors affecting labour productivity were determined and grouped into 5 major groups by reviewing previous research and interviewing relevant experts. The interactions of factors were modelled using system dynamics (SD) approach. The resulting causal loop diagrams obtained from SD were then applied for identifying the most crucial factors influencing and influenced by labour productivity through the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The impact of factors on each other was finally determined based on the opinions of 63 experts selected from the Iranian construction industry. Findings The results indicated that factors such as fatigue, lack of labour motivation and lack of skill are the most influencing, and factors such as schedule delay and inflation in the cost of execution are the most influenced by labour productivity. In the end, a set of recommendations to improve construction labour productivity was also presented. Originality/value The main contribution of the study is proposing a novel method which is capable of providing insights into how causes and effects of construction labour productivity are interrelated. Furthermore, the proposed method makes this study distinct from previous research in the light of prioritizing factors and offering recommendations according to the interrelationships among factors.

Cost Analysis of TSV Process and Scaling Options

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 000001-000007
Author(s):  
Victor Vartanian ◽  
Larry Smith ◽  
Klaus Hummler ◽  
Steve Olson ◽  
Brian Sapp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Film Structure ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Multiple Process ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cost Differences

SEMATECH evaluated the impact of various process options on the overall manufacturing cost of a TSV module, from TSV lithography and etch through post-plate CMP. The purpose of this work was to understand the cost differences of these options in order to identify opportunities to significantly reduce cost. Included in this study were multiple process and materials options for TSV etch, liner, and barrier/seed (B/S). For each of these options, recipes were adjusted for post-etch clean, ECD Cu fill and CMP overburden, and the resulting cost impacts were evaluated. The TSV dimensions used in this study are 5x50 μm and 2x40 μm. These cost comparisons included a sensitivity analysis, highlighting the main factors responsible for the differences. Cost of materials, tool cost, and throughput were the primary factors affecting cost differences, especially in barrier/seed deposition. In some cases the contributions from both these sources were comparable. We explain the assumptions used and some of the uncertainties inherent in this work. For example, where materials costs were significant, we extrapolated the cost of new materials from research quantities to those needed to support high volume manufacturing. We had to estimate throughputs and materials costs using our best engineering judgment, because the recipes have not yet been optimized. We also considered that the tools used on some non-critical steps might be fully depreciated, or a lower cost tool such as is used in wafer level packaging. Despite these uncertainties and assumptions, we were able to extract some fairly clear conclusions. The process options include the following B/S variations: For 5x50 μm TSVs, the B/S film structure is TaN/Ta/Ru/Cu, and the options are with and without the Ru and/or Cu layers. For 2x40 μm TSVs, the B/S structure is TaN/Ru/Cu, with different thicknesses of Ru, and the Cu is an optional seed layer for the field. We also discuss the impact of scaling the TSV dimensions on manufacturing costs. This work is continuing to look at different process options and to apply this methodology to MEOL modules such as temporary bond and debond, wafer thinning, and TSV reveal.

Wastage of conserved fodder when feeding livestock

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Storage Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The objective of the present review was to establish levels of conserved fodder wastage when feeding livestock (sheep, beef cattle, dairy cattle) under various conditions and using various feed-out systems, and to determine the factors affecting wastage. The mean wastage of hay recorded in the literature reviewed was 17% of the DM offered, but the range was from 4 to 77%. The main factors affecting the degree of wastage were storage method, packaging method, method of feeding out, amount of fodder on offer and its palatability and/or quality and the impact of wet weather. Although the emphasis was on hay, the principles should also apply to silage. If wastage was 40% rather than 5%, the cost of feeding conserved fodder to livestock would be a third greater than producers might expect or budget on.

Competitive Dynamics in Hierarchically Organized Markets: Spatial Duopoly and Demand Asymmetries

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 2021-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Price Equilibrium ◽  
Urban Market ◽  
Existence And Stability ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
Spatial Duopoly ◽  
Spatial Price ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the impact of corporate organizational structure on the configuration of prices, outputs, and profits in spatially extensive markets. In previous research I examined the general and analytical conditions defining both the existence and stability of an equilibrium in hierarchically organized spatial markets dominated by oligopolistic corporations that distribute a commodity directly to consumers through their retail franchises. Here I examine the disequilibrium dynamics resulting from this model. A bilevel decisionmaking process is hypothesized in which corporations vary their delivered prices in response to changes in urban market demand and in which franchises vary their retail prices in response both to changes in the cost of the commodity from their parent corporation and to the pricing strategies pursued by their competitors. The complexity of interactions operating between the two levels of the model and the presence of asymmetrical demand conditions facing duopolistic corporations suggests that it is unlikely that an overall spatial price equilibrium can actually be reached by such disequilibrium price-adjustment strategies.

scholarly journals Child nutrition and growth: butterfly effects?

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (S1) ◽  
pp. S40-S45 ◽  
Author(s):  
France Bellisle
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Energy Regulation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Nutritional Influences ◽  
Body Weight Control ◽  
The Impact

The international symposium organised by the Danone Institute as a pre-congress satellite of the European Nutrition Societies Congress, in Paris, in July 2007, brought together experts of child nutrition and behaviour. These experts coming from several countries of Europe and North America shared their views on the impact of numerous factors affecting child eating and health in present-day developed societies. Topics included nutritional influences during foetal life, early life development of food likes and dislikes, neophobia, ability for energy regulation, impact of media and advertisement, etc. Most contributions addressed the obesity epidemics and the problems associated with body weight control. Other aspects of child health were also considered, for example the nutritional challenge of adequately feeding children with type 1 diabetes. The nine speakers were asked to underline practical strategies to improve nutrition in early life, so as to maximise health, growth and quality of life in today's environment. The present paper is a summary of the ideas expressed by the experts, highlighting agreements, convergences, and occasional disagreements between expert opinions.

Managing rainwater, improving livelihoods: assessing impacts using a Rainwater–Livelihoods–Poverty Index (RLPI)

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-639
Author(s):  
Kindie Getnet ◽  
Geremew Kefyalew
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Issue ◽  
Poverty Index ◽  
Impact Indicator ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Impact Pathways ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Sustainable Livelihoods Framework ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAssessing and empirically measuring the development impact of rainwater management innovations to inform related decisions remains conceptually and methodologically difficult. Whether it is empirically more appropriate to assess and measure the impact pathways than the impact per se remains an important methodological issue. This paper proposes a Rainwater–Livelihoods–Poverty Index (RLPI) as a comprehensive and participatory impact pathway assessment technique with measurable indicators recapitulating the sustainable livelihoods framework. The methodological contributions to rainwater impact assessment are two-fold. First, the RLPI explicitly incorporates intermediate processes and impact pathways as important factors affecting the development impacts of rainwater-related interventions. Second, the RLPI combines quantitative and qualitative household response data into a single yet meaningful quantitative impact indicator. This makes the methodology participatory, allowing farmers engagement to use their knowledge (as local expert observers) in informing rainwater management decisions. The methodology is empirically tested in Diga district (western Ethiopia) and validated using expert opinions.

The impact of digitalization and integration processes on the cost accounting in sausage manufacture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-508
Author(s):  
Natal'ya V. MALINOVSKAYA
Keyword(s):  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Factors

Subject. This article explores the impact of integration factors, modern management concepts, as well as digitalization on the most important elements of accounting and calculation tools in sausage production. Objectives. The article aims to identify current factors affecting the organization of cost accounting and choice of methods for calculating the production expenses at meat processing enterprises for sausage production. Methods. The study relies upon analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalization, and abstraction. Results. The article identifies new factors that affect the organization of cost accounting and choice of methods for calculating the production expenses in sausage production in modern conditions. Integration within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union and digitalization are the new most significant factors that change both the production process and accounting practices. Conclusions. The rise of digitalization in all areas of activity of meat processing enterprises, development of the regulatory framework within the Eurasian economic integration have become significant factors that have a material impact on the most important elements of accounting and calculation tools in sausage production. These factors along with industry characteristics should be taken into account when organizing cost accounting and choosing methods for calculating the production expenses in sausage production. The results obtained can help further develop theoretical aspects of cost accounting and calculation in sausage production.

THE IMPACT OF ENERGY WARS AND GEOPOLITICS ON EXCHANGE RATES AND THE PRICE OF OIL: THE ERA OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
M.N. Dudin ◽  
◽  
N.V. Lyasnikov ◽  
A.N. Bryntsev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Oil will remain the single largest energy source in the world for the foreseeable future, and a balance must be struck between global supply and demand. A serious malfunction of only one large oil producer can lead to a significant change in oil prices and the recession of the entire global economy. The aim of the article is to study the theoretical and empirical aspects of the mutual causality of oil prices and exchange rates, as well as to determine their influence on the development of the world economy. Methodology of the article. To complete this article, a comparative, economic and statistical analysis was used. Results. The article proves that the oil market is more inherent in a tendency towards regionalization rather than globalization. Factors affecting this process include macroeconomic conditions, the balance of supply and demand, the transformation of the regulatory component, changes in the cost structure and the significant influence of geopolitical components. The article justifies the fact that there is a certain strong direct connection between oil prices and exchange rates, but it is influenced by various geopolitical factors (for example, sanctions). Only 4% of the cost of oil is included in the price of gasoline, so when the price of oil falls, the price of gasoline does not decrease. Conclusions. A characteristic feature of the relationship between oil prices and exchange rates is the presence of bilateral mutual causality. Fluctuations in the dynamics of the oil industry are changing the roles of traditional and new suppliers. The oil market environment, which is a key commodity of our time, has a significant impact on world currencies.

scholarly journals Factors affecting cost of debt of companies listed on Ho Chi Minh S tock Exchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hai Yen ◽  
Ngo Phu Thanh ◽  
Bui Ngoc Loc
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financing Decision ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Debt Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Cost of debt is one of factors that firms consider when making their financing decision. Firms use more debt for their operating business in case of lower debt cost. Therefore, determing the impact factors on cost debt is interested in by firms and scholars. This study uses samples of 313 listed firms on Ho Chi Minh Stock exchange over period 2012 to 2017. The finding is that foreign ownership, state ownership, and financing leverage adversely affect on debt cost, while average 12-month interest positively impacts on the cost of debt.

The System of Factors Affecting the Capitalization of Public Oil Companies in the Upstream Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Rustem Nureev ◽  
Evgeny Busygin
Keyword(s):  
Stock Index ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Market Capitalization ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Global Uncertainty ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

The topic of assessing and searching for factors affecting the capitalization of public oil companies is of great interest to researchers. As part of the existing work in this area, the paper considers .the impact of various external and internal factors on the value of oil companies’ stocks, including the impact of changes in oil prices, stock index movements, inflation fluctuations, financial and production indicators. The study includes the construction of models with the calculation of standard errors by the PCSE method based on quarterly data of 11 major public oil companies operating in production segment for the period from Q1 2006 to Q3 2018. For the first time, while constructing a model to identify the factors that affect market capitalization of oil companies, the authors draw on the total oil production by OPEC countries, the total share of capital owned by the largest institutional investors, the indices of geopolitical instability and global uncertainty Among the key findings - quarterly production, rather than the cost of oil, is the most significant factor positively affecting the market capitalization of oil firms.

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