scholarly journals Environmental and ecotoxicological risk assessment of pollution with light crude oil for an oil exploatation field

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 ◽  
pp. 00071
Author(s):  
Alexandru Florin Simion ◽  
Angelica Nicoleta Găman ◽  
George Artur Găman ◽  
Ionuț Drăgoi ◽  
Cătălina Ghiță
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ecotoxicological Risk

Global development of transportation dependent on internal combustion engines, involves major increases in the consumption of fossil fuels obtained by extracting crude oil from depths by means of wells and refining it. In this context, protection of environment and groundwater quality is an increasingly difficult objective to maintain, requiring modern methods to address possible negative effects on the environment. The current research assesses the degree of eco-toxicological and environmental risk for an oil exploitation area in case of an accidental pollution scenario with crude oil. The entire risk spectrum was analysed through a set of qualitative and quantitative risk assessment tools to highlight and quantify the most important effects caused by petroleum products on biotope and biocenoses. The primary aim of the research is to identify vulnerable environmental reservoirs for accidental oil pollution and to establish the best tools to quantify the environmental and ecotoxicological risk of groundwater contamination. The results obtained from the area showed a low to medium risk of contamination of the saturated and unsaturated area with crude oil expressed as TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbons) and a low risk of contamination with volatile organic compounds type BTEX associated contamination of biocenoses that can directly or indirectly interact with potentially polluted areas.

scholarly journals Bioremediation of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) by Bioaugmentation and Biostimulation in Water with Floating Oil Spill Containment Booms as Bioreactor Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2226
Author(s):  
Khalid Sayed ◽  
Lavania Baloo ◽  
Naresh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Effluent

A crude oil spill is a common issue during offshore oil drilling, transport and transfer to onshore. Second, the production of petroleum refinery effluent is known to cause pollution due to its toxic effluent discharge. Sea habitats and onshore soil biota are affected by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) as a pollutant in their natural environment. Crude oil pollution in seawater, estuaries and beaches requires an efficient process of cleaning. To remove crude oil pollutants from seawater, various physicochemical and biological treatment methods have been applied worldwide. A biological treatment method using bacteria, fungi and algae has recently gained a lot of attention due to its efficiency and lower cost. This review introduces various studies related to the bioremediation of crude oil, TPH and related petroleum products by bioaugmentation and biostimulation or both together. Bioremediation studies mentioned in this paper can be used for treatment such as emulsified residual spilled oil in seawater with floating oil spill containment booms as an enclosed basin such as a bioreactor, for petroleum hydrocarbons as a pollutant that will help environmental researchers solve these problems and completely clean-up oil spills in seawater.

Quantitative Risk Assessment Method of the Domino Effect in Crude Oil Terminal Pool Fires

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 570-573
Author(s):  
Xue Rui Xu ◽  
Lei Guan ◽  
Xing Zheng He
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Pool Fires ◽  
Domino Effect ◽  
Risk Assessment Method ◽  
Accident Scenarios

The study analyzes domino accident scenarios in crude oil terminal and establishes quantitative risk assessment steps to assess domino effects.

Development of Risk Assessment Tools for Enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Trifonov ◽  
E. A. Fomina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Risk Assessment Tools ◽  
Complex Integral

Th e purpose of this article is to develop tools for assessing the risks of enterprises, used both to assess the current activities of enterprises and during the implementation of investment proj-ects. It is supposed to be used both as the main risk assessment tool, for example, for small and medium-sized enterprises, and as an additional tool, mainly for large enterprises, for making a preliminary decision on the feasibility of the project. Th e developed tools include a comprehen-sive risk assessment system, which provides a fundamental basis for calculations, and a soft ware product that signifi cantly optimizes the calculations of a complex integral risk indicator. Th e risk assessment system represents individual risks, grouped by 51 risk groups. Making calculations using the developed risk assessment tools involves assigning to each risk the characteristics of assessing the level of infl uence by selecting the characteristic most appropriate to the current level of risk. A standard version of indicators is proposed for each risk and characteristics cor-responding to "high", "elevated", "medium", "moderate" and "low" risk levels. Based on the results of the analysis, a complex integral risk indicator is formed, which is a quantitative risk assessment, which allows you to classify an enterprise into one of three groups: "eff ective enterprise / project", "enterprise / project requiring improvements", "ineffi cient enterprise". To optimize the calcula-tions, the authors have developed a soft ware product that allows for analysis with a signifi cant reduction in the time spent on its implementation. In general, the use of the developed risk as-sessment system and tools makes it possible to signifi cantly optimize the risk assessment process and reduce the costs of analisys.

A quantitative assessment of the sources and fate of petroleum compounds in the marine environment

1982 ◽  
Vol 297 (1087) ◽  
pp. 193-218 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Single Well ◽  
Detailed Composition ◽  
Proper Perspective ◽  
Total Oil

Petroleum is complex, containing many thousands of com pounds ranging from gases to residues boiling about 400 °C. Most (usually more than 75% ) are types of hydrocarbons. Crude oils differ markedly in detailed composition, even during the lifetime of a single well, while distillates and petroleum products are enriched with certain com pounds. Thus petroleum -derived inputs vary considerably in com position; it is essential to bear this in mind when quantifying them in general terms such as an ‘oil' or ‘total petroleum hydrocarbons’ measurement. However, to place the gross inputs in their proper perspective in an assessment of potential environmental effects, it is equally important to identify quantitatively those components that are potentially harmful or have long residence times. Additional sources of hydrocarbons such as other fossil fuels, combustion and the biosphere must also be distinguished, providing difficult analytical problems where the contribution of petroleum -derived constituents is small. Much less information is available on the non-hydrocarbon components. Estimates of the total oil input to U. K. waters are, at best, approximate and range from 40 to 100 kt or more per year. Some contributions are more speculative than others, particularly the atmospheric input. Usually, environmental effects are of local concern and it is more realistic and more meaningful to appraise the quantity and quality of the inputs on a local rather than a national or global basis. Such appraisal identifies potential ‘hot-spots’ or areas of concern to which the results of studies on the distribution of hydrocarbons can be related broadly. The complexity of the inputs is matched by the range of properties of the components and the physical, chemical and biochemical processes that contribute to the distributive pathways and determine the fate of the inputs.

scholarly journals Risk assessment and remediation of NAPL contaminated soil and groundwater

ChemTexts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Leharne
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Organic Liquid ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Molecular Components

AbstractThe presence of water-immiscible organic liquids—commonly called non-aqueous phase liquids or NAPLs—in soils and groundwater, is a worldwide environmental problem. Typical examples of NAPLs include: petroleum products, organic solvents and organic liquid waste from laboratories and industry. The molecular components of NAPLs present in soils, rocks and groundwater are readily transferred to the vapour and aqueous phases. The extent to which they do this is determined by their solubility (which is quite limited) and vapour pressure (which can be quite high). These molecular components, once dispersed in the vapour phase or dissolved in the aqueous phase, can provide a long-term source of harm to biotic receptors. The object of this lecture text is to examine how we can assess the degree of harm using quantitative risk assessment and how NAPL contaminated environments can be restored through the use of chemical, biological and physical remediation technologies. Graphical abstract

A Critical Assessment of How Leaning the Risk Assessment Process Induces Biased Judgement

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jefain Al-Hajri ◽  
Moray Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Bias ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Lean Management ◽  
High Level

Over the years, the hydrocarbon industry has been riddled with accidents and incidences that can be partly blamed on “cost cutting” driven risk assessments and operational “lean management”. The epicentre of lean management is the elimination of waste for any industrial setup. However, when the processes are too lean accidents may ensue; putting the facilities, workers and the business at risk. Even though the hydrocarbon industry has reliable quantitative risk assessment techniques that may incorporate probabilistic measures to predict the likelihood of systems failure, there are times when “human call” is cardinal to decisions. Whenever human call is used in risk assessment there is a possibility of biasness in the judgement for risk partly due to the social-cultural influence on risk assessors. Therefore the aim of this research was to examine the level of social and cognitive bias in risk assessment of lean management processes at four oil and gas refinery plants in Kuwait. Using ethnomethodology as a research strategy it was possible to gather contextual primary information from the workers at the four refineries. Results from the research indicate that there is a high level of human involvement in risk assessment processes where social-cultural and psychological attributes of the risk assessors are evident. However, current risk assessment tools and processes do not engage risk assessors at a social-cultural level; hence ignoring the influence of biased judgement on risk scores. It can therefore be concluded that unlike technical risk assessment, there is poor incorporation of social-cultural and psychological initiatives in the processes leading to poor decisions that endanger hydrocarbon installations. It is recommended that the hydrocarbon industry in Kuwait strives to apply lean management principles by ensuring that there is detailed analysis of social and cognitive bias in the technical proceedings so as to simultaneously promote efficiency and safety at work.

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