Oral malignant melanoma: History of malignant degeneration of a pigmented lesion

Introduction: Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is a rare malignant lesion of the oral mucosa. It accounts for 0.5% of oral cavity cancers and less than 1% of all melanomas. Most cases arise on the palate or gingiva. OMM is caused by unknown factors. Benign pigmentation may precede the neoplasm by several years. The malignant transformation of benign melanosis is poorly understood. Observation: The aim of this work is to present a new clinical case of oral malignant melanoma which appeared on benign melanosis with a brief review of the literature. A 37-year-old woman presented with a blackish pigmented plaque that covered the hard palate and vestibular maxillary gingiva and a soft, friable 2 cm nodule with ulcerated surface next to the 11, 12 and 13. Fifteen years ago, the patient underwent a biopsy that was in favor of benign melanosis. Unfortunately, the patient was followed for one year and then was lost. Recently, in front of the rapidity of the extension of the lesion, she came again. After biopsy, a final diagnosis of OMM is retained. Commentaries: OMM is often asymptomatic. It presents usually as a 1.5–4 cm, blackish grey, irregular, flat or nodular lesion. The neoplasm can appear on apparently normal oral mucosa and may be preceded by benign pigmented lesions. Few articles discussed malignant transformation of benign melanosis. OMM is characterized by its poor prognosis. The treatment of choice for OMM remains surgery with wide clear margins. Conclusion: Close monitoring is needed to detect signs of transformation and to early diagnose melanoma.

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Solitary Pigmented Melanocytic Lesion on the Palatal and Gingival Mucosa: Should It Rise Dentist’s Concerns?

UI Proceedings on Health and Medicine ◽

10.7454/uiphm.v1i0.22 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

Author(s):

Cut Mytha Fitriana ◽

Yuniardini Septorini Wimardhani

Keyword(s):

Oral Mucosa ◽

Malignant Lesion ◽

Melanocytic Lesion ◽

Oral Mucosal Lesion ◽

Pigmented Lesions ◽

Pigmented Lesion ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Oral Malignant Melanoma ◽

Gingival Mucosa ◽

The Right

Background: Solitary pigmented melanocytic lesions of the oral mucosa are sometimes presented asymptomatically. Therefore, the patient does not realize their presence. To establish a diagnosis is challenging since there are similarities with other lesions. Once pigmented lesions on the oral mucosa are found, we need to do a proper diagnosis pathway to rule out the possibility of missing the detection of a malignant lesion. This report presents a case of pigmented oral mucosa located on the palatal and gingival mucosa that had to raise the suspicion to malignant pigmented lesion.Case Report and Management: A 46-years-old female with an asymptomatic dark bluish hue at the right hard palate towards the soft palate with a purplish at the 48-retro molar pad area for ten years ago, until a family general dentist concerned about the lesion and made the referral to our Dental Hospital. Based on the history and clinical assessment of the lesion using a diagnostic pathway, a provisional diagnosis of oral malignant melanoma was made. The biopsy for histopathological evaluation was decided. However, some obstacles prevent the patient to do the procedure. The differences in the level of awareness about pigmented lesion in the oral mucosa of the dentists involve in this patient care complicated the process of diagnosis of the lesion.Conclusion: The dentist’s awareness on the possibility of finding a nonbenign lesion in the oral cavity is needed. It is important for the dentist to make a diagnosis pathway when finding pigmented oral mucosal lesion.

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Oral Malignant Melanoma: A Case Report

Prague Medical Report ◽

10.14712/23362936.2021.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 222-227

Author(s):

Suman Sen ◽

Sheuli Sen ◽

M. Geetha Kumari ◽

Sufia Khan ◽

Subhasini Singh

Keyword(s):

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Hard Palate ◽

Middle Age ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Pigmented Lesions ◽

The Poor ◽

Pigmented Lesion ◽

Oral Malignant Melanoma

Melanoma is a malignant neoplasm of the epidermal melanocytes. Awareness and early recognition of pigmented lesion inside oral cavity helps in initial diagnosis and further investigation and treatment. Oral malignant melanoma is a rare aggressive neoplasm commonly seen among middle age. The diagnosis of melanoma initiates from the pre-existing pigmented lesions. The poor prognosis of oral melanomas requires that pigmented lesions of undetermined origin be routinely biopsied. A case of malignant melanoma of hard palate with its clinical, radiological and histopathological presentation along with brief review is presented. Prognosis of these lesion is poor with survival rate of 5 years.

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Primary Malignant Melanoma of Maxilla: Report of a Case with Discussion

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2014/624306 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

G. Shirisha Rani ◽

T. Vinay Kumar ◽

Balaram Kolasani ◽

Md Rezwana Begum ◽

Anu Priya Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Surgical Treatment ◽

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Cutaneous Melanoma ◽

Dental Clinic ◽

Oral Melanoma ◽

Pigmented Lesion ◽

Oral Malignant Melanoma ◽

Rule Out

Primary oral malignant melanoma, very rare neoplasm of melanocytic origin, usually presents as a bluish black to tan-brown colored lesion Which is accounting for 0.2 to 8% of all melanomas, 1.6% of all head and neck malignancies, and 0.5% of all oral neoplasia. In general, the prognosis of oral melanoma is poor and worse than that of cutaneous melanoma. Here a case of oral malignant melanoma is presented, which was undetected during the first visit to a dental clinic. When a simple oral surgical treatment was carried out in that region, it resulted in the appearance of a massive pigmented lesion which was histopathologically diagnosed as malignant melanoma. This paper is presented to reemphasize the fact that any pigmented lesion in the oral cavity should be viewed with suspicion and proper investigation (biopsy) should be carried out to rule out any untoward experiences later.

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Congenital melanocytic nevus of the oral mucosa: report of a rare pigmented lesion and review of the literature

Clinics and Practice ◽

10.4081/cp.2011.e17 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Melanie Louise Gilbert ◽

Weddad Hanna ◽

Danny Ghazarian ◽

Dean Dover ◽

Hagen Benjamin Edward Klieb

Keyword(s):

Oral Mucosa ◽

Melanocytic Nevus ◽

Congenital Melanocytic Nevus ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Melanocytic Nevi ◽

Pigmented Lesions ◽

Pigmented Lesion ◽

Congenital Melanocytic Nevi

Oral pigmented lesions are uncommon and congenital melanocytic nevi are especially rare. We report a case of a patient with multiple congenital melanocytic nevi including a palatal lesion. This is reported to add to the scant literature that exists on this subject. Prognosis and management are discussed.

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Optic Disc Melanocytoma: A Case Report and Review

Journal of Pediatrics Review ◽

10.32598/jpr.9.1.855.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 61-66

Author(s):

Ali Ahmadzadeh Amiri ◽

◽

Majid Reza Sheikhrezaee ◽

Ahmad Ahmadzadeh Amiri ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optic Disc ◽

Malignant Transformation ◽

Short Wave ◽

Optic Disk ◽

Optic Coherence Tomography ◽

Close Monitoring ◽

Fundus Examination ◽

Diagnostic Dilemma ◽

Pigmented Lesion

Introduction: Melanocytoma is a rare benign stationary tumor that usually appears as a pigmented lesion on the optic disk. Optic Disc Melanocytoma (ODM) can compress the optic nerve or undergo necrosis, leading to ischemic axonal loss and visual ﬁeld defect, similar to those caused by glaucoma. Also, ODM often displays a clinical diagnostic dilemma due to its similarities with melanoma. Some patients have undergone enucleation because of uncertainty between both pathologies. Progressive growth and malignant transformation can be documented by close monitoring of the patient’s eyes. Fundus examination and ancillary imaging procedures such as fundus photo, autofluorescence, B-scan ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography, and spectral-domain optic coherence tomography are powerful tools for ODM diagnosis and management. Case Presentation: A 19-year-old female presented with a decrease in vision in the left eye for about 3 months. Her visual acuity was 20/20 and 20/80 in her right and left eyes, respectively. Funduscopic examination of the left eye showed a well-defined deeply pigmented brownish-black, dome-shaped nodular mass covered the entire optic disc with the normal-appearing overlying vitreous, macula, and surrounding retina. Short-wave autofluorescence revealed hypo-autofluorescence on the pigmented mass lesion. The patient’s condition did not change significantly over 2 years of follow-up. The diagnosis was made as ODM. Conclusions: Melanocytomas grow very slowly over several years or remains stable, in contrast to malignant melanoma. Although ODM tends to have benign behavior, it may adversely affect visual function. Yearly fundus examination is necessary for monitoring growth and detecting malignant transformation. Visual loss can result from optic neuropathy or retinal vascular obstruction. In suspicious cases, close follow-up with serial fundus photographs is essential, even though the malignant transformation is exceptional.

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Melanocytic nevi of the oral mucosa – No evidence of increased risk for oral malignant melanoma: An analysis of 119 cases

Oral Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.oraloncology.2006.11.013 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 43 (10) ◽

pp. 976-981 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Marco Meleti ◽

Wolter J. Mooi ◽

Mariel K. Casparie ◽

Isaäc van der Waal

Keyword(s):

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Melanocytic Nevi ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Oral Malignant Melanoma

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Coexisting Lentigo of the Larynx and Melanoma of the Oral Cavity: Report of a Case

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/019459988008800304 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 88 (3) ◽

pp. 218-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lawrence W. Travis ◽

Carl Sutherland

Keyword(s):

Malignant Melanoma ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Systemic Disease ◽

Pyriform Sinus ◽

Malignant Degeneration ◽

Pigmented Lesion

A case is presented of coexisting malignant melanoma of the oral cavity and large benign lentigo of the pyriform sinus of the larynx. The absence of a pigmented lesion of the oral cavity in this patient suggests the possibility that lentiginous lesions of the larynx and oral cavity represent simultaneous invasion of these sites by melanocytes later undergoing malignant degeneration in the oral cavity. The histologic observations of these separate lesions are presented and compared. The literature is reviewed briefly. The widespread clinical opinion that malignant melanoma is a systemic disease is illustrated by this case.

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Melanotic Macule in Conjunction with a Giant Cell Fibroma

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2160 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 981-985

Author(s):

Samantha D Seitz ◽

Thanhphuong N Dinh ◽

Thomas YH Yoon

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Clinical History ◽

Pyogenic Granuloma ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Etiologic Factor ◽

Pigmented Lesions ◽

Melanocytic Lesions ◽

Histologic Evaluation

ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of this study is to describe a case of a melanotic macule found in conjunction with a giant cell fibroma (GCF). For oral pigmented lesions without an identifiable etiologic factor, critical factors in determining the differential diagnosis are clinical history, symmetry, and uniformity of the lesions. Potential differential diagnosis includes racial pigmentation, endocrine disturbance, Peutz–Jeghers syndrome, trauma, hemochromatosis, oral malignant melanoma, or idiopathic etiology and melanotic macules. Melanotic macules are the most common solitary pigmented melanocytic lesions in the oral mucosa, corresponding to 86.1% of melanocytic lesions of the mouth. Giant cell fibromas are reactive connective tissue lesions in the oral cavity. They were first described as a distinct entity in 1974 by Weathers and Callihan and make up around 5 to 10% of all oral mucosa fibrous lesions. They are commonly mistaken for other growths, such as pyogenic granuloma and fibroma, and diagnosis is accurately based on its distinctive histopathology. This article presents the clinicopathologic findings of a 15-year-old Hispanic male presenting for biopsy of a melanotic macule on the mandibular anterior buccal gingiva. Histologic evaluation of the specimen revealed that the lesion also contained a GCF. Pathologic lesions of the mouth should be carefully diagnosed. Conventionally, histologic evaluation is the gold standard to produce a final diagnosis. As evidenced in this article, multiple lesions may exist in a site and may be mistakenly diagnosed as a single entity. Clinical significance While each lesion has been reported individually, in reviewing the literature, no cases were reported in which both histopathologic findings of GCF and melanotic macule were present within the same lesion. How to cite this article Seitz SD, Dinh TN, Yoon TYH. Melanotic Macule in Conjunction with a Giant Cell Fibroma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):981-985.

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Intramucosal Nevus in the Oral Cavity

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1638 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 74-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Antunes Freitas ◽

Paulo Rogério Bonan ◽

Arlen Almeida Sousa ◽

Mayane Moura Pereira ◽

Stephany Mendes Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Cavity ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Excisional Biopsy ◽

Pigmented Lesions ◽

Pigmented Lesion ◽

Mucous Membranes ◽

Uncommon Condition ◽

Dental Professionals

ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study is to report a clinical case of oral nevus. Background Nevus is a congenital or acquired benign neoplasia that can be observed in the skin or mucous membranes. It is an uncommon condition in the oral mucosa. When it does occur, the preferred location is on the palate, followed by the cheek mucosa, lip and tongue. Case report In this case study, we relate the diagnosis and treatment of a 23-year-old female patient with an irregular, pigmented lesion of the oral mucosa that underwent excisional biopsy resulting in a diagnosis of intramucosal nevus. Conclusion Nevus can appear in the oral mucosa and should be removed. Clinical significance It is important for dental professionals to adequately categorize and treat pigmented lesions in the mouth. How to cite this article Freitas DA, Bonan PR, Sousa AA, Pereira MM, Oliveira SM, Jones KM. Intramucosal Nevus in the Oral Cavity. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):74-76.

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Oral manifestations of a sinus melanoma: case report and literature review

Journal of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery ◽

10.1051/mbcb/2019020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Mélanie Le Donne ◽

Anne-Gaëlle Bodard ◽

Candice Lesage ◽

Bertrand Fleury

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Oral Mucosa ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Metastatic Progression ◽

Pigmented Lesions ◽

Pigmented Lesion ◽

Rare Malignancy ◽

Late Stages ◽

Treatment Consensus ◽

Melanoma Case

Introduction: Mucosal melanoma (MM) is a rare malignancy of the head and neck. Sinonasal melanomas are the most frequent, followed by oral melanomas. Observation: A 67-year-old patient with a known left sinus melanoma initially treated with immunotherapy was referred for consultation concerning mobile teeth. A pigmented lesion infiltrating the left maxillary arch in the molar area was detected. The malignancy had invaded the oral mucosa. Despite many proposed treatments (immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy), the patient showed metastatic progression, which resulted in death. Discussion: Sinus MMs are malignancies with poor prognosis because these are often diagnosed in the late stages of disease progression. As these tumors are rare, there is no treatment consensus and surgery remains the best option. Diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa is sometimes complicated because of various implied etiologies. Conclusion: This case report shows that sinus MMs can induce pigmentation in the oral mucosa. These are rare malignancies with poor prognosis, for which no treatment consensus exists to date.

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