scholarly journals Le rôle de la matrice extracellulaire dans la régénération des nerfs moteurs

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Laurie Nemoz-Billet ◽  
Sandrine Bretaud ◽  
Florence Ruggiero
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Regeneration Process ◽  
Laser Method ◽  
Guidance Cues ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Mutant Lines

The motor neurons (MN) form the ultimate route to convey the commands from the central nervous system to muscles. During development, MN extend axons that follow stereotyped trajectories to their muscle targets, guided by various attractive and repulsive molecular cues. Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a major source of guidance cues, but its role in axonal development and regeneration remains poorly documented. Regenerating axons are able to return to their synaptic target following their original trajectory. The same guidance cues could be thus involved in motor nerve regeneration. Zebrafish has become a popular model system in understanding the development of the peripheral nervous system. Thanks to the generation of fluorescent transgenic lines and the optical transparency of embryos and larvae, it allows direct visualization of axonogenesis. Additionally, and contrary to humans, its remarkable capacity to regenerate makes it well suited for the study of nerve regeneration. A laser method to ablate nerves in living zebrafish larvae has been developed in our laboratory that, combined with the use of the fluorescent mnx1:gfp zebrafish transgenic line, allows the follow up of the dynamics of the nerve regeneration process. To study the role of ECM proteins present in the axonal path, mutant lines for different ECM proteins (already available in our laboratory or generated in mnx1:gfp fish using CRISPR-Cas9 method) will be used to analyze their role during the regeneration process. These mutant lines for ECM will be crossed with existing fluorescent transgenic lines to visualize different cell types involved in the nerve regeneration, such as macrophages (mfap4:mcherry), neutrophils (mpx:gfp) or even Schwann cells (sox10:mrfp). Overall, this study will depict the role of ECM in nerve regeneration and will provide essential knowledge for the development of new biomaterials to promote the regeneration of injured motor nerves.

scholarly journals sli is required for proper morphology and migration of sensory neurons in the Drosophila PNS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison Gonsior ◽  
Afshan Ismat
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Neuron Development ◽  
Guidance Cues ◽  
And Migration

Abstract Neurons and glial cells coordinate with each other in many different aspects of nervous system development. Both types of cells are receiving multiple guidance cues to guide the neurons and glial cells to their proper final position. The lateral chordotonal organs (lch5) of the Drosophila peripheral nervous system (PNS) are composed of five sensory neurons surrounded by four different glial cells, scolopale cells, cap cells, attachment cells and ligament cells. During embryogenesis, the lch5 neurons go through a rotation and ventral migration to reach their final position in the lateral region of the abdomen. We show here that the extracellular ligand sli is required for the proper ventral migration and morphology of the lch5 neurons. We further show that mutations in the Sli receptors Robo and Robo2 also display similar defects as loss of sli, suggesting a role for Slit-Robo signaling in lch5 migration and positioning. Additionally, we demonstrate that the scolopale, cap and attachment cells follow the mis-migrated lch5 neurons in sli mutants, while the ventral stretching of the ligament cells seems to be independent of the lch5 neurons. This study sheds light on the role of Slit-Robo signaling in sensory neuron development.

Transthyretin: a multifaceted protein

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Vieira ◽  
Maria João Saraiva
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Old People ◽  
Tissue Differences

AbstractTransthyretin is a highly conserved homotetrameric protein, mainly synthetized by the liver and the choroid plexus of brain. The carrier role of TTR is well-known; however, many other functions have emerged, namely in the nervous system. Behavior, cognition, neuropeptide amidation, neurogenesis, nerve regeneration, axonal growth and 14-3-3ζ metabolism are some of the processes where TTR has an important role. TTR aggregates are responsible for many amyloidosis such as familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy. Normal TTR can also aggregate and deposit in the heart of old people and in preeclampsia placental tissue. Differences in TTR levels have been found in several neuropathologies, but its neuroprotective role, until now, was described in ischemia and Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this review is to stress the relevance of TTR, besides its well-known role on transport of thyroxine and retinol-binding protein.

Biofunctional Materials for Nerve Regeneration

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 547-550
Author(s):  
Yu Mi Kim ◽  
Jin Gao ◽  
Blaine Zern ◽  
Ya Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Biodegradable Polymer ◽  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Neurite Growth ◽  
Functional Restoration ◽  
Ecm Proteins ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
And Function

Most biomaterials widely used in nerve regeneration are either inert or modified with ECM proteins or their epitopes. Neurotransmitters play a key role in neuronal development and function. Thus we decided to investigate the feasibility of using neurotransmitters to create biofunctional materials that actively engage nerve cells to achieve functional restoration after injury of the nervous system. Our data indicated that a properly designed biodegradable polymer with dopamine functional groups was more capable of promoting neurite growth. Such biofunctional materials can potentially provide a new strategy for nerve regeneration.

scholarly journals SAT-739 Membrane Progesterone Receptors (mPRs/PAQRs) Promote Proliferation, Migration and Neurotrophin Expression in Schwann Cell-like Adipose Stem Cells, Potentially Improving Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca F Castelnovo ◽  
Peter Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Adipose Stem Cells ◽  
Membrane Progesterone Receptors

Abstract Peripheral nerve injury is a problem affecting millions of people worldwide, causing significant disability and a reduction in the quality of life. The neurons of the peripheral nervous system are characterized by a significant regeneration capability. However, the functional recovery is unsatisfactory in most cases, making the identification of new strategies to improve the regenerative outcome a major medical need. Schwann cells (SCs), the main neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system, trans-differentiate after nerve injury towards a phenotype, known as the repair phenotype, that promotes nerve regeneration. Nonetheless, adult human SCs have poor expansion capability in vitro, undermining their potential clinical development. Several studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells, especially when differentiated into a Schwann cell-like (SCL) phenotype, may represent an alternative to primary SCs, promoting pro-regenerative effects both in vitro and in vivo. Recently, membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs), members of the progestin and adipoQ receptor (PAQR) family, have been shown to be present and active in Schwann cells. Progesterone activates mPRs in SCs to promote cell migration and proliferation, change cell morphology, and modulate the expression of key SC differentiation factors. These findings suggest a possible role for mPRs in nerve repair. The goal of the present project is to study the role of mPRs in the promotion of pro-regenerative effects in mesenchymal adipose stem cells (ASC), both undifferentiated (uASC) and after differentiation toward the SCL phenotype (SCL-ASC). We first characterized uASC and SCL-ASC, confirming that the latter showed increased expression of SC markers like S100B, Sox10, GFAP, P0 and Krox20, alongside a more pronounced spindle-like shape leading to an increased aspect ratio. The differentiation protocol also increased mPR gene expression in SCL-ASC compared to uASC, especially mPRα (PAQR7) and mPRβ (PAQR8). Treatment with the specific mPR agonist Org OD 02-0 (02-0) caused cell elongation in SCL-ASC, mimicking what happens to SCs in vivo when they trans-differentiate towards the repair phenotype. 02-0 treatment also led to increased cell migration and cell proliferation in both uASC and SCL-ASC, consistent with a pro-regenerative role of mPRs. The effect was more rapid and evident in SCL-ASC. Lastly, we analyzed the effect of mPR activation on neutrophin production and release in uASC and SCL-ASC. A significant increase was observed in the expression and release of the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), whose role in promoting neurogenesis is well established. Our results support the hypothesis that mPRs have an important role in the modulation of uASC and SCL-ASC physiology and their activation may promote nerve regeneration.

scholarly journals Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Nervous System: Inhibitors to Repair

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin R. Siebert ◽  
Amanda Conta Steencken ◽  
Donna J. Osterhout
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Guidance Cues ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are widely expressed in the normal central nervous system, serving as guidance cues during development and modulating synaptic connections in the adult. With injury or disease, an increase in CSPG expression is commonly observed close to lesioned areas. However, these CSPG deposits form a substantial barrier to regeneration and are largely responsible for the inability to repair damage in the brain and spinal cord. This review discusses the role of CSPGs as inhibitors, the role of inflammation in stimulating CSPG expression near site of injury, and therapeutic strategies for overcoming the inhibitory effects of CSPGs and creating an environment conducive to nerve regeneration.

scholarly journals The Role of Dietary Nutrients in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7417
Author(s):  
Marwa El Soury ◽  
Benedetta Elena Fornasari ◽  
Giacomo Carta ◽  
Federica Zen ◽  
Kirsten Haastert-Talini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Peripheral Nervous System ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Satisfactory Outcome ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Correct Function ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents

Peripheral nerves are highly susceptible to injuries induced from everyday activities such as falling or work and sport accidents as well as more severe incidents such as car and motorcycle accidents. Many efforts have been made to improve nerve regeneration, but a satisfactory outcome is still unachieved, highlighting the need for easy to apply supportive strategies for stimulating nerve growth and functional recovery. Recent focus has been made on the effect of the consumed diet and its relation to healthy and well-functioning body systems. Normally, a balanced, healthy daily diet should provide our body with all the needed nutritional elements for maintaining correct function. The health of the central and peripheral nervous system is largely dependent on balanced nutrients supply. While already addressed in many reviews with different focus, we comprehensively review here the possible role of different nutrients in maintaining a healthy peripheral nervous system and their possible role in supporting the process of peripheral nerve regeneration. In fact, many dietary supplements have already demonstrated an important role in peripheral nerve development and regeneration; thus, a tailored dietary plan supplied to a patient following nerve injury could play a non-negotiable role in accelerating and promoting the process of nerve regeneration.

The role of the sympathetic and sensory nervous system in peritoneal endometriotic lesions

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Arnold ◽  
ML Barcena de Arellano ◽  
C Rüster ◽  
A Schneider ◽  
S Mechsner
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sensory Nervous System

Thyroid hormone-catecholamine interrelationships during exposure to cold

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Storm ◽  
C. van Hardeveld ◽  
A. A. H. Kassenaar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Abstract. Basal plasma levels for adrenalin (A), noradrenalin (NA), l-triiodothyronine (T3), and l-thyroxine (T4) were determined in rats with a chronically inserted catheter. The experiments described in this report were started 3 days after the surgical procedure when T3 and T4 levels had returned to normal. Basal levels for the catecholamines were reached already 4 h after the operation. The T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 3, 7, and 14 days in rats kept at 4°C and the same holds for the iodide in the 24-h urine after 7 and 14 days at 4°C. The venous NA plasma concentration was increased 6- to 12-fold during the same period of exposure to cold, whereas the A concentration remained at the basal level. During infusion of NA at 23°C the T3/T4 ratio in plasma was significantly increased after 7 days compared to pair-fed controls, and the same holds for the iodide excretion in the 24-h urine. This paper presents further evidence for a role of the sympathetic nervous system on T4 metabolism in rats at resting conditions.

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