The effect of drying treatment on the n-alkane analysis

The nutritional and physicochemical properties of sorghum proteins and starch make the use of this cereal for food production challenging. Sprouting is a cost-effective technology to improve the nutritional and functional profile of grains. Two drying treatments were used after sorghum sprouting to investigate whether the drying phase could improve the protein and starch functionalities. Results showed that the drying treatment at lower temperature/longer time (40 °C for 12 h) extended the enzymatic activity that started during sprouting compared to the one performed at higher temperature/shorter time (50 °C for 6 h). An increased protein hydrolysis and water- and oil-holding capacity were found in the flour obtained by the former treatment. Higher protein matrix hydrolysis caused high exposure of starch to enzymes, thus increasing its digestibility, while worsening the technological functionality. Overall, modulating drying conditions could represent a further way, in addition to sprouting, to improve sorghum flour’s nutritional profile.

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Natural Drying of Astringent and Non-Astringent Persimmon “Rojo Brillante”. Drying Kinetics and Physico-Chemical Properties

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030647 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 647

Author(s):

Cristina M. González ◽

Rebeca Gil ◽

Gemma Moraga ◽

Alejandra Salvador

Keyword(s):

Chemical Properties ◽

Drying Kinetics ◽

Added Value ◽

Diospyros Kaki ◽

Drying Characteristics ◽

Water Diffusivity ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Drying Treatment ◽

Effective Water ◽

Natural Drying

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) crop has markedly increased in Spain, and “Rojo Brillante” persimmon is the main cultivated variety. This astringent cultivar requires de-astringency treatment before commercialization, which may involve an extra cost. Its short commercial season implies handling large volumes of fruits with consequent postharvest losses. Therefore, the development of derived added-value products is of much interest. In this study, astringent and non-astringent “Rojo Brillante” persimmons were dehydrated by following a natural drying method used in Asia. The drying kinetics and physico-chemical properties were analyzed for 81 days. The results indicated subsequent reductions in weight, water content, and water activity throughout the drying process, and the equatorial diameter decreased. All the employed thin-layer mathematical models were suitable for representing the drying characteristics of both products with similar behavior. The effective water diffusivity values were 5.07 × 10−11 m2 s−1 and 6.07 × 10−11 m2 s−1 for astringent and non-astringent persimmon samples, respectively. The drying treatment significantly decreased the soluble tannins content, and the astringent samples obtained similar values to those obtained for the non-astringent samples in 20 days. The external and internal flesh of the astringent fruit remained orange through the drying period, while brown coloration in the non-astringent fruit was observed after 57 drying days. Therefore, prior de-astringency treatment would not be necessary.

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Studies on drying characteristic, nutritional composition, and antioxidant properties of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves

International Agrophysics ◽

10.1515/intag-2015-0039 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 323-331 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yolanda B. Moguel-Ordóñez ◽

Diana L. Cabrera-Amaro ◽

Maira R. Segura-Campos ◽

Jorge C. Ruiz-Ruiz

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽

Trolox Equivalent ◽

Drying Treatment

Abstract Drying characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) leaves using radiation drying, convection drying, sun drying, and shade drying treatments were investigated in a convective type. Results for all treatments indicated that drying took place in the falling rate period. The chroma of the dried samples ranged between 29.66 and 23.85. Convection and shade drying samples were found better in colour and had the highest content of total pigments. The proximate and fibre composition were affected by the drying treatments. Extracts obtained from convection drying and shade drying leaves exhibited higher values of Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities 416.89-423.64 mM mg−1 and ferric reducing power 85.19-87.97%. These extracts also showed ion chelating capacity 59.05-60.21% for Cu+2 and 55.05-59.11% for Fe+2. The results indicate that it is possible to select the drying treatment to obtain the best nutritional and biological properties. Convection drying and shade drying were the least aggressive treatments and leaf powders obtained by these drying methods could be used as sources of nutrients, fibre, and antioxidant compounds.

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Design of SnO2 Aggregate/Nanosheet Composite Structures Based on Function-Matching Strategy for Enhanced Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Performance

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11091774 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1774 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Dongting Wang ◽

Shangheng Liu ◽

Mingfa Shao ◽

Jinghan Zhao ◽

Yukun Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Composite Structures ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Strong Light ◽

Solar Cell Performance ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Drying Treatment ◽

Matching Strategy ◽

Sno2 Nanosheet ◽

And Control

Hierarchical SnO2 nanocrystallites aggregates (NAs) were prepared with a simple room temperature–based aqueous solution method followed by simple freeze-drying treatment. The as-prepared SnO2 NAs were subsequently combined with SnO2 nanosheet–based structures from the viewpoint of a function-matching strategy, and under an optimized condition, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.59% was obtained for the resultant hybrid photoanode, a remarkable 60% enhancement compared to that of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) fabricated with bare SnO2 NAs architecture. The significantly enhanced efficiency can be attributed to the combination of the desirable electron transport property obtained by the intentionally introduced SnO2 nanosheets (NSs) and the effectively retained inherent characteristics of SnO2 NAs, i.e., large surface area and strong light-scattering effect. This work provides a promising approach for the rapid development of highly efficient SnO2 photoanode film-based DSCs with the properties of simplicity of operation and control over the photoanode composition.

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Nutritional comparison between dried and ensiled indigofera, papaya and moringa leaves

Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture ◽

10.14710/jitaa.44.1.77-83 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 77 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Jayanegara ◽

V. Ardani ◽

H. A. Sukria

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Considerable Extent ◽

In Vitro Fermentation ◽

Silage Fermentation ◽

High Ammonia ◽

Drying Treatment ◽

In Vitro Rumen Fermentation

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate chemical composition, in vitro fermentation and digestibility of dried and ensiled indigofera, papaya and moringa leaves. The leaves were subjected to artificial drying in an oven at 60oC for 24 h and ensiling treatment for 30 d under room temperature. Dried and ensiled samples were determined for chemical composition, silage fermentation characteristics and in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility. The experimental design was a factorial design 3 × 2 in which the first factor was different leaves (indigofera, papaya and moringa) and the second factor was conservation treatments (drying and ensiling). Determination of chemical composition was performed in duplicate whereas in vitro evaluation was conducted in three replicates. Results showed that ensiling treatment decreased CP contents of indigofera and moringa but not papaya leaves. Ensiling also decreased NDF and NDICP contents of all experimental leaves in comparison to drying treatment. The pH of all silages was high and they were characterized with high ammonia concentrations. Ensiled indigofera tended to have lower IVDMD and IVOMD as compared to dried indigofera (P<0.1). It can be concluded that ensiling of high protein forages leads to considerable extent of proteolysis.

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Effect of method of conservation on the n-alkane C31 concentration of two legumes and three temperate grasses

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s1463981500042308 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 79-85

Author(s):

M.R. Reyes-Reyes ◽

S. E. Buntinx ◽

F. S. Barajas-Torres ◽

I. C. Gavilán-García ◽

F.A. Castrejón-Pineda

Keyword(s):

White Clover ◽

Reliable Method ◽

Dactylis Glomerata ◽

Gas Chromatograph ◽

Dry Ice ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Soxhlet Method ◽

Kikuyu Grass ◽

Alkane Analysis

SummaryThe objective of this study was to compare five methods of forage preservation (ice, dry ice, liquid-N, drying in newspaper, and sundried) on the concentration of the n-alkane C31 in Medicago sativa cv Puebla 76 (lucerne/alfalfa), Trifolium repens latum (white clover), Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass), Pennisetum clandestinum (kikuyu grass) and Dactylis glomerata (orchardgrass/cocksfoot). The sampled forages in ice and dry ice were kept in hermetically sealed plastic bags in a plastic cooler. The deep frozen samples were put into small plastic bags and submerged in liquid-N. The samples dried in newspaper were placed between sheets of newspaper, and put into hermetically sealed plastic bags. All these samples were taken to the laboratory and freeze-dried approximately 24 h later. The sun-dried samples were taken to the laboratory in newspaper and sun-dried for 48 h. The forage samples were ground and worked on in triplicate, extracted by the Soxhlet method (C34 n-alkane was used as standard and n-heptane as solvent), saponified, separated, purified and injected into a gas chromatograph. The data were analysed for variance as a randomised factorial (n=74). The comparison between means was by the Boneferroni test (P<0.05). The interaction between forage and method of conservation was significant P<0.0001). There were no differences between methods of conservation for white clover (mean 26mg C31/kg DM) or orchardgrass/cocksfoot (mean 31 mgC31/ kgDM). In comparison with liquid-N, (261 mgC31/kgDM), the other methods reduced the concentration of n-alkane in kikuyu grass by 27-35%. Sun and newspaper dried samples increased the concentration of C31 in alfalfa/lucerne by 6 and 15% respectively in comparison with freezing with liquid-N (291 mgC31/kgDM), while that frozen on ice reduced C31 by about 8%. This method, however, increased the ryegrass n-alkane by 12% in relation to liquid-N (169 mgC31/kgDM), but sun drying reduced it by about 40%. It is concluded that drying in liquid-N is the most reliable method for the conservation of samples for n-alkane analysis.

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Effect of drying treatment on the leachability of metallic elements from weathered solid mine wastes

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 248 ◽

pp. 126111

Author(s):

Hyunwoo Bang ◽

Juhee Kim ◽

Kyungmin Kim ◽

Seunghun Hyun

Keyword(s):

Mine Wastes ◽

Metallic Elements ◽

Drying Treatment

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