scholarly journals Research on evolution of collaboration mechanism of stakeholders in mining enterprises’ implementation of social responsibility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxin Nie ◽  
Zhang Jingjing ◽  
Yang Luhan
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Stable Equilibrium State ◽  
Multiple Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Multiple stakeholders are involved when mining enterprises assume their social responsibility, so a tripartite game pattern among local government, mining enterprises and local community is formed after supervision is introduced. By combining evolutionary game model with system dynamics for simulation analysis, this paper studies the dynamic game process among the three parties and we find out that: (1) local government, mining enterprises and local community will eventually reach a stable equilibrium state (supervision, participation,  performance), and it will simplify the evolutionary path of the stable equilibrium state when local government chooses supervision at the early stage; (2) local government plays a leading role in supervision, and the strategy choices of mining enterprises and local community depend on local government's strategy and the relationship between the size of exogenous; (3) the formation of the eventual stabilization strategy is decided by the joint action of multiple variables, although every single variable will affect the strategy choice of all parties, so local government should deal with the relationship between various stakeholders properly.

Building a resilient local council: evidence from flood disasters in Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Sciulli ◽  
Giuseppe D'Onza ◽  
Giulio Greco
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Flood Disasters

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate resilience to extreme weather events (EWE) in a sample of Italian local councils (LCs), impacted by flood disasters. Whether resilience as a concept is adopted by the affected councils and factors that promote or inhibit LC resilience are explored. Design/methodology/approach – Using semi-structured interviews, the authors investigate seven Italian LCs that were severely impacted by the flood event. An interview protocol was developed and background information collected. A number of themes were drawn from the interview transcripts and relationships with the relevant literature were examined. Findings – The findings highlight that the adoption of the concept of resilience is at an early stage in the LCs decision and policy making. The authors find that the financial resources and the external relations management with other public entities, NGOs and local communities, promote the LCs resilience during and after an EWE. By contrast, bureaucratic constraints and poor urban planning restrain resilience. The findings suggest that LCs resilience needs to be distinguished from local community resilience. Originality/value – The paper contributes to the literature on public sector management and investigates the under-researched area of resilience within the context of the public sector, vis-à-vis, local government. In particular the realization that EWE are not the realm only of emergency personnel, but that local government managers have an integral role placed upon them during and especially after the EWE.

scholarly journals Entropy Generation Rate in a Chemically Reacting System

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Gyftopoulos ◽  
G. P. Beretta
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Entropy Generation Rate ◽  
Stable Equilibrium State ◽  
Microscopic Reversibility ◽  
Chemical Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Chemically Reacting ◽  
Surrogate System

For a nonchemical-equilibrium state of an isolated system A that has r constituents with initial amounts na = {n1a, n2a, …, nra}, and that is subject to τ chemical reaction mechanisms, temperature, pressure, and chemical potentials cannot be defined. As time evolves, the values of the amounts of constitutents vary according to the stoichiometric relations ni(t) = nia + Σj=1τ νi(j) εj(t), where νi(j) is the stoichiometric coefficient of the ith constituent in the j-reaction mechanism and εj(t) the reaction coordinate of the jth reaction at time t. For such a state, we approximate the values of all the properties at time t with the corresponding properties of the stable equilibrium state of a surrogate system B consisting of the same constituents as A with amounts equal to ni(t) for i = 1, 2, …, r, but experiencing no chemical reactions. Under this approximation, the rate of entropy generation is given by the expression S˙irr = ε˙ · Y, where ε˙ is the row vector of the τ rates of change of the reaction coordinates, ε˙ = { ε˙1, …, ε˙τ }, Y the column vector of the τ ratios aj/Toff for j = 1, 2, …, τ, aj = −Σi=1r νi(j) μi,off, that is, the jth affinity of the stable equilibrium state of the surrogate system B, and μi,off, and Toff are the chemical potential of the ith constituent and the temperature of the stable equilibrium state of the surrogate system. Under the same approximation, by further assuming that ε˙ can be represented as a function of Y only that is, ε˙(Y), with ε˙(0) = 0 for chemical equilibrium, we show that ε˙ = L·Y + (higher order terms in Y), where L is a τ × τ matrix that must be non-negative definite and symmetric, that is, such that the matrix elements Lij satisfy the Onsager reciprocal relations, Lij = Lji. It is noteworthy that, for the first time, the Onsager relations are proven without reference to microscopic reversibility. In our view, if a process is irreversible, microscopic reversibility does not exist.

scholarly journals Finite-dimensional maps describing the dynamics of a logistic equation with delay

2019 ◽  
Vol 487 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-616
Author(s):  
S. D. Glyzin ◽  
S. A. Kashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Logistic Equation ◽  
Mathematical Ecology ◽  
Stable Equilibrium State ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Equation With Delay ◽  
Dynamics Of Populations

This article discusses a family of maps that are used in the numerical simulation of a logistic equation with delay. This equation and presented maps are widely used in problems of mathematical ecology as models of the dynamics of populations. The paper compares the dynamic properties of the trajectories of these mappings and the original equation with delay. It is shown that the behavior of the solutions of maps can be quite complicated, while the logistic equation with delay has only a stable equilibrium state or cycle.

Thermodynamic Definition and Quantum-Theoretic Pictorial Illustration of Entropy

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Gyftopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Thermodynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Cyclic Change ◽  
Stable Equilibrium State ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Laws Of Thermodynamics ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Work Done

Cannot analyzed an engine operating between two reservoirs. Through a peculiar mode of reasoning, he found the correct optimum shaft work done during a cyclic change of state of the engine. Clausius justified Carnot’s result by enunciating two laws of thermodynamics, and introducing the concept of entropy as a ratio of heat and temperature of a thermodynamic equilibrium state. In this paper, we accomplish five purposes: (i) We consider a Carnot engine. By appropriate algebraic manipulations we express Carnot’s optimum shaft work in terms of available energies or exergies of the end states of one reservoir with respect to the other, and Clausius’ entropy S in terms of the energies and available energies of the same and states. (ii) We consider the optimum shaft work done during a cyclic change of state of an engine operating between a reservoir, and a system with fixed amounts of constituents and fixed volume, but variable temperature. We express the optimum shaft work in terms of the available energies of the end states of the system, and Clausius’ entropy in terms of the energies and available energies of the same end states. Formally, the entropy expression is identical to that found for the Carnot engine, except that here the change of state of the system is not isothermal. (iii) We consider the optimum shaft work done during a cyclic change of state of a general engine operating between a reservoir R and system A which initially is in any state A1, stable or thermodynamic equilibrium or not stable equilibrium. In state A1, the values of the amounts of constituents are n1, and the value of the volume is V1 whereas, in the final state A0, n0 ≠ n1 and V0 ≠ V1 Using the laws of thermodynamics presented by Gyftopoulos and Beretta, we prove that such an optimum exists, call it generalized available energy with respect to R, and use it together with the energy to define a new property Σ1 We note that the expression for Σ is formally identical to and satisfies the same criteria as Clausius’ entropy S. The only difference is that Σ applies to all states, whereas Clausius’ S applies only to stable equilibrium states. So we call Σ entropy and denote it by S (iv) We use the unified quantum theory of mechanics and thermodynamics developed by Hatsopoulos and Gyftopoulos, and find a quantum theoretic expression for S in terms of the density operator ρ that yields all the probabilities associated with measurement results. (v) We note that the quantumtheoritic expression for S can be interpreted as a measure of the shape of an atom, molecule, or other system because ρ can be though of as such a shape, and provide pictorial illustrations of this interpretation. For given values of energy E, amounts of constituents n, and volume V, the value of the measure is zero for all shapes that correspond to projectors (wave functions), positive for density operators that are not projectors, and the largest for the ρ that corresponds to the unique stable equilibrium state determined by the given E, n, and V. Accordingly, spontaneous entropy generation occurs as a system adapts its shape to conform to the internal and external forces. Beginning with an arbitrary initial ρ this adaptation continues only until no further spontaneous change of shape can occur, that is, only until a stable equilibrium state is reached.

scholarly journals A Bi-Stable von-Mises Truss for Morphing Applications Actuated Using Shape Memory Alloys

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvestro Barbarino ◽  
Farhan S. Gandhi ◽  
Rodolphe Visdeloup
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stable Equilibrium State ◽  
Actuation Force ◽  
Numerical Predictions ◽  
System Equilibrium ◽  
Governing Differential Equation ◽  
Von Mises

The present study focuses on a bi-stable von-Mises truss (VMT), with integrated Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires which are resistively heated to provide the actuation force to transition the VMT from one stable equilibrium condition to the other, and back. This coupled VMT-SMA system can potentially be used in structural morphing applications. The paper considers in detail the design of the system, equilibrium between the VMT and the SMA wires, the initial pre-stress required in the two SMA wires, explains how the active (heated) SMA wire drives the VMT beyond the unstable equilibrium state, and the VMT in moving to the second stable equilibrium state pre-stresses the passive (unheated) SMA wire. The two SMA wires switch roles in moving the VMT back from the second to the first stable equilibrium state. A prototype is designed and fabricated and the transition of the VMT from one equilibrium state to the other, and back, is experimentally demonstrated. The governing differential equation representing the VMT behavior is coupled with equations representing the SMA behavior based on the Brinson thermo-mechanical model. The numerical predictions of system displacements versus temperature and time show good correlation with experimental results.

scholarly journals Haematopoietic stem cells: entropic landscapes of differentiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 20180040 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Wiesner ◽  
J. Teles ◽  
M. Hartnor ◽  
C. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Equilibrium State ◽  
Shannon Entropy ◽  
Stable Equilibrium ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Entropy Measure ◽  
Stable Equilibrium State ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Time Point

The metaphor of a potential epigenetic differentiation landscape broadly suggests that during differentiation a stem cell approaches a stable equilibrium state from a higher free energy towards a stable equilibrium state which represents the final cell type. It has been conjectured that there is an analogy to the concept of entropy in statistical mechanics. In this context, in the undifferentiated state, the entropy would be large since fewer constraints exist on the gene expression programmes of the cell. As differentiation progresses, gene expression programmes become more and more constrained and thus the entropy would be expected to decrease. In order to assess these predictions, we compute the Shannon entropy for time-resolved single-cell gene expression data in two different experimental set-ups of haematopoietic differentiation. We find that the behaviour of this entropy measure is in contrast to these predictions. In particular, we find that the Shannon entropy is not a decreasing function of developmental pseudo-time but instead it increases towards the time point of commitment before decreasing again. This behaviour is consistent with an increase in gene expression disorder observed in populations sampled at the time point of commitment. Single cells in these populations exhibit different combinations of regulator activity that suggest the presence of multiple configurations of a potential differentiation network as a result of multiple entry points into the committed state.

scholarly journals Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and the 2030 Agenda in the Framework of New Trends in Tourism and Hotel Companies' Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Raquel García Revila ◽  
Olga Martinez Moure
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Travel Experience ◽  
2030 Agenda ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

Sustainable tourism refers to those tourism activities that respect the natural, cultural, and social environment and the values of a community, which allows it to enjoy a positive exchange of experiences between residents and visitors, where the relationship between the tourist and the community is fair and the benefits of the activity are evenly distributed, and where visitors have a truly participatory attitude in their travel experience. One of the main keys to sustainable tourism is the involvement of the visitors and the host and local community.

Institutional pressures for corporate social responsibility implementation: a study of Indian executives

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-577
Author(s):  
Aruna Jha ◽  
Vijita Singh Aggrawal
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Institutional Pressures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose India has recently entered mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) spend era. It is important to unravel the pressures of CSR implementation in the Indian context to understand how a better fit between business strategy and CSR spend can be achieved. This study aims to validate a model that integrates pressures, CSR implementation and financial performance through reputation within the institutional theory framework. Design/methodology/approach It is based on a questionnaire survey of 162 top-level and middle-level CSR managers in India and semi-structured interviews with eight top-level executives. Findings The study concludes that local community, government, peers and media are important institutional pressures of CSR implementation in India. Reputation partially mediates the relationship between CSR implementation and financial performance. Practical implications The study findings can help managers to know which stakeholders (government, media, peers and local community) are exerting statistically significant institutional pressures and how CSR initiatives be designed to cater to their requirements. Though CSR spend is mandatory in India, a strategic orientation towards it would enable the firms to derive value for the stakeholders associated with the business. Originality/value Relationship between pressures of CSR and CSR implementation has not yet been explored in the Indian context. Such a relationship tells us why is CSR taken up and influence of which of the pressure groups is considered important while implementing CSR. The study will help to understand the relationship between CSR–reputation–financial performance as perceived by Indian managers and to assess whether they perceive corporate reputation building as one of the most important outcomes of CSR.

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