Asymmetric C-H Functionalization Enabled by Pd/Chiral Phosphoric Acid Combined Catalysis

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu-Sheng Wang ◽  
Liu-Zhu Gong
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Palladium Catalysis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chiral Phosphoric Acid

Over the past decade, the combination of chiral phosphoric acid and palladium catalysis has emerged as a robust strategy to accomplish the regio-, and stereoselective functionalization of inactive C-H bonds, enabling the access to various types of chirality (central, planar and axial). This review article describes the origin of and advances in asymmetric functionalization of allylic C-H bonds, C(sp2)-H bonds and C(sp3)-H bonds enabled by chiral phosphoric acid and palladium combined catalysis.

Literacy and Education: Fifth Release From the 1961 Census of Pakistan (Review Article)

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 424-442
Author(s):  
Jamila Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Interim Report ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
The Past ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Age And Sex

This review of the Literacy and Education Bklletin1 of the 1961 Census is fourth in the series of review articles published in this journal2. The Bulletin under review forms a part of the interim report on the characteristics of the population of Pakistan. It gives information on the number of illiterate and literate persons by age and sex for rural and urban areas on division and district basis; illiterate and literate.population in selected cities and towns; and the educational levels attained by the literate population by age and sex for divisions and districts. Relevant statistical notes and statements precede the tables in the Bulletin. The objective of this review is to describe the meaningfulness and significance of literacy statistics. To this end, a distinction is made between formal and functional levels of literacy. Comparisons of the 1951 and 1961 census figures are undertaken to indicate the progress of literacy and education during the past decade with reference to the effect of intercensal rate of population growth on such progress. Certain questions regarding the reliability of data are raised, which emphasize the need for caution in the interpretation of literacy statistics.

Nucleosides and Nucleoside Analogues as Emerging Antiviral Drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibrahim Elzagheid
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Nucleoside Analogues ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nucleoside Drugs

: Nucleosides and their analogues have been in use for many years and have become essential for treating patients with viral infections. Many additional nucleoside drugs have been approved over the past decades. This strongly demonstrates how important these compounds are and the crucial role they play. Given that a significant amount of research and literature has been documented regarding nucleoside analogues, this review article mainly focuses the discussion on nucleosides and nucleoside analogous that have proven to play significant role or be emerging in the treatment of known viral infections. This covers the names, structures, applications, toxicity, and mode of action of relevant nucleoside analogues.

Formation of Carbon-Oxygen Bond Mediated by Hypervalent Iodine Reagents Under Metal-free Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Jalil ◽  
Yaxin O Yang ◽  
Zhendong Chen ◽  
Rongxuan Jia ◽  
Tianhao Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Hypervalent Iodine ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oxygen Bond ◽  
Privileged Scaffolds

: Hypervalent iodine reagents are a class of non-metallic oxidants have been widely used in the construction of several sorts of bond formations. This surging interest in hypervalent iodine reagents is essentially due to their very useful oxidizing properties, combined with their benign environmental character and commercial availability from the past few decades ago. Furthermore, these hypervalent iodine reagents have been used in the construction of many significant building blocks and privileged scaffolds of bioactive natural products. The purpose of writing this review article is to explore all the transformations in which carbon-oxygen bond formation occurred by using hypervalent iodine reagents under metal-free conditions

Recent advance in NHC-palladium catalysis for alkynes chemistry: versatile synthesis and applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxiao Li ◽  
Dan He ◽  
Zidong Lin ◽  
Wanqing Wu ◽  
Huanfeng Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Palladium Catalysis ◽  
Metal Catalysts ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transition Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

During the past decades, alkynes chemistry has attracted considerable attention owing to their unique and idiographic nucleophilic and electrophilic properties in transition-metal-catalyzed chemical transformations. Among the various metal catalysts, palladium...

Mapping Logistical Capitalism

2021 ◽  
pp. 026327642199042
Author(s):  
Eugene Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Racial Capitalism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Black Lives Matter ◽  
Class Composition

This review article engages with a rich field of scholarship on logistics that has gathered momentum over the past decade, focusing on two new publications by Laleh Khalili and Martín Arboleda. It contextualizes how and why logistics is bound up with the militarization of contemporary political and social life. I argue that the later 20th century rise of logistics can be better understood as both a response to and symptom of capitalist crisis and I situate this scholarship on war and logistics in relationship to Giovanni Arrighi’s account of crisis and ‘unravelling hegemony’. I also show how logistics provides essential critical and visual resources that contribute to efforts to map global capitalism and to debates on totality and class composition in contemporary critical theory. Finally, contemporary events such as the ongoing Coronavirus crisis and the reemergence of Black Lives Matter are considered in light of this analysis with reference to the centrality of logistics to racial capitalism.

scholarly journals A Molecular Stereostructure Descriptor Based On Spherical Projection

Synlett ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuo-Qing Zhang ◽  
Xin Hong ◽  
Li-Cheng Xu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Miao-Jiong Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Van Der Waals ◽  
Chiral Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Precise Representation ◽  
Spherical Projection

AbstractDescription of molecular stereostructure is critical for the machine learning prediction of asymmetric catalysis. Herein we report a spherical projection descriptor of molecular stereostructure (SPMS), which allows precise representation of the molecular van der Waals (vdW) surface. The key features of SPMS descriptor are presented using the examples of chiral phosphoric acid, and the machine learning application is demonstrated in Denmark’s dataset of asymmetric thiol addition to N-acylimines. In addition, SPMS descriptor also offers a color-coded diagram that provides straightforward chemical interpretation of the steric environment.

Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Stereoselective Spiroketalizations

Synlett ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (06) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Nagorny ◽  
Zhankui Sun ◽  
Grace Winschel
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Chiral Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

Asymmetric Arylative Dearomatization of β-Naphthols Catalyzed by a Chiral Phosphoric Acid

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (22) ◽  
pp. 5381-5385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Qiang Li ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Jiao-Jiao Wang ◽  
Bo-Bo Gou ◽  
Jie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Chiral Phosphoric Acid
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