The NICU during COVID-19 pandemic: impact on maternal pediatric medical traumatic stress (PMTS)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Raho ◽  
Silvia Bucci ◽  
Francesca Bevilacqua ◽  
Teresa Grimaldi Capitello ◽  
Andrea Dotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress ◽  
Medical Traumatic Stress

Objective: to assess how hospital and outpatient clinic policy changes due to COVID-19 pandemic impact on pediatric medical traumatic stress (PMTS) symptoms in mothers of newborns admitted in a NICU. Study design: observational case control study enrolling mothers of infants admitted in the NICU at birth during Covid-19 pandemic compared with mothers of infants admitted in the NICU before the COVID pandemic. Control group was selected matching 1:1 with study group for following infants’ clinical variables: gender, type of pathology, gestational age, weight at birth, day of recovery, ventilator time days, associated malformations. Italian version of the Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R) was used as a measure of PMTS. Result: Mothers of study group (50) scored significantly higher than mothers of control group on three of four scales of IES-R (respectively, “IES-R Total”: F= 6.70; p= .011; IES-R subscale “Intrusion”: F= 7.45; p= .008; IES-R subscale “Avoidance”: F= 8.15; p= .005). A significantly higher number of mothers in study group scored above the IES-R total clinical cut-off compared to mothers of control group (72% vs 48%; Chi2=6.00; p=.012). Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic acted as a superimposed stress in mothers of newborn admitted in the neonatal intensive care unit at birth determining high levels of PMTS. Clinicians and researchers should identify and implement novel strategies to provide family-centered care during Covid-19 pandemic and beyond.

Perpetration-induced Traumatic Stress in Persons Who Euthanize Nonhuman Animals in Surgeries, Animal Shelters, and Laboratories

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauleen Bennett ◽  
Vanessa Rohlf
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Nonhuman Animals ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Traumatic Symptoms

AbstractThis study explored possible identification of Perpetration-induced Traumatic Stress (PITS) in workers whose occupations required euthanizing nonhuman animals and determining whether event or person-related factors influenced symptoms. The sample included 148 animal workers: veterinarians, veterinary nurses, and research and animal shelter staff. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) assessed traumatic stress. Experimenters constructed additional scales measuring satisfaction with social support, participation in various types of training, and concern over animal death. More than 70% of participants reported affinity toward animals had strongly influenced their occupation selection. Half the sample perceived animal death—particularly euthanasia—as one of the least desirable jobs. Of the sample, 11% reported experiencing moderate levels of traumatic symptoms. The study found lower levels of euthanasia-related stress were associated with increased satisfaction with social support and length of time working with animals. Those who reported high levels of concern about animal death reported higher levels of euthanasia-related stress. The study found occupational context was not associated with different levels of euthanasia-related stress symptoms—even though reasons for administering euthanasia differed significantly between occupations.

Effects of Support Groups on Post Traumatic Stress Responses in Women Experiencing Stillbirth

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Cacciatore
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

This research study explores the effects of support groups on traumatic stress responses of women experiencing stillbirth. Women ( N = 47) responded to a mixed method questionnaire. Quantitative results utilizing the Impact of Event Scale Revised demonstrate that women who attend support group, when controlling for time, had fewer post traumatic stress symptoms than did the women who did not attend support group. Qualitative results elucidate the role of support groups in managing grief, suggesting that connectivity with other like women may be a useful strategy in reducing problematic psychological outcomes.

scholarly journals Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adults and Their Children in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Davico ◽  
Ada Ghiggia ◽  
Daniele Marcotulli ◽  
Federica Ricci ◽  
Federico Amianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Aim: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has abruptly changed the life of millions as travel and social contacts have been severely restricted. We assessed the psychological impact of COVID-19 on adults and children, with special attention to health care workers (HCWs).Methods: A self-rated online survey, including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) for adults and the Children Revised Impact of Event Scale-Revised-13 items (CRIES-13) for their 8–18-year-old offspring, was conducted in Italy on March 20–26, 2020. Linear mixed-effects models were applied to the data, accounting for age, sex, education, and other demographic characteristics.Results: Data were available from 2,419 adults (78.4% females, mean age 38.1 ± SD 13.1 years; 15.7% HCW) and 786 children (50.1% male, mean age 12.3 ± 3.2 years). Median (IQR) IES-R score was 30.0 (21.0–40.0), corresponding to mild psychological impact, with 33.2% reporting severe psychological impact. IES-R was lower in HCWs (29.0) than non-HCWs (31.0), but HCWs directly involved in COVID-19 care had higher scores [33.0 (26.0–43.2)] than uninvolved HCWs [28.0 (19.0–36.0)]. Median CRIES-13 score was [21.0 (11.0–32.0)], with 30.9% of the children at high risk for post-traumatic stress disorder. Parent and child scores were correlated.Conclusions: Up to 30% of adult and children in the pandemic area are at high risk for post-traumatic stress disturbances. The risk is greater for HCWs directly involved in COVID-19 care and for their children.

scholarly journals Evaluation of an Urdu version of the Impact of Event Scale - Revised

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-22
Author(s):  
M. S. Tareen ◽  
C. McDowell ◽  
K. Naqvi ◽  
A. Bashir ◽  
P. Keenan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
Psychometric Tool ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

In the aftermath of the major earthquake that hit Pakistan in 2005, there appeared to be a paucity of psychometric tools validated in Urdu. It was decided to translate the Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) so as to obtain an internationally validated and recognised psychometric tool for use in research into post-traumatic stress disorder. The resulting Urdu and English versions of the IES-R were compared for linguistic, conceptual and scale equivalence. The Urdu version of the IES-R (UIES-R) can be used for clinical, psychological trauma populations in Pakistan with evidence of good reliability and satisfactory validity. In trauma research in Pakistan the UIES-R will be an extremely useful psychometric tool.

scholarly journals Altered functional connectivity in the fear network of firefighters with repeated traumatic stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (06) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonseok Jeong ◽  
Shinwon Park ◽  
Stephen R. Dager ◽  
Soo Mee Lim ◽  
Suji L. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundFirefighters are routinely exposed to various traumatic events and often experience a range of trauma-related symptoms. Although these repeated traumatic exposures rarely progress to the development of post-traumatic stress disorder, firefighters are still considered to be a vulnerable population with regard to trauma.AimsTo investigate how the human brain responds to or compensates for the repeated experience of traumatic stress.MethodWe included 98 healthy firefighters with repeated traumatic experiences but without any diagnosis of mental illness and 98 non-firefighter healthy individuals without any history of trauma. Functional connectivity within the fear circuitry, which consists of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, hippocampus and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), was examined using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Trauma-related symptoms were evaluated using the Impact of Event Scale – Revised.ResultsThe firefighter group had greater functional connectivity between the insula and several regions of the fear circuitry including the bilateral amygdalae, bilateral hippocampi and vmPFC as compared with healthy individuals. In the firefighter group, stronger insula–amygdala connectivity was associated with greater severity of trauma-related symptoms (β = 0.36, P = 0.005), whereas higher insula–vmPFC connectivity was related to milder symptoms in response to repeated trauma (β = −0.28, P = 0.01).ConclusionsThe current findings suggest an active involvement of insular functional connectivity in response to repeated traumatic stress. Functional connectivity of the insula in relation to the amygdala and vmPFC may be potential pathways that underlie the risk for and resilience to repeated traumatic stress, respectively.Declaration of interestNone.

Traumatic Stress and Death Anxiety among Community Residents Exposed to a Train Crash

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Cheung Chung ◽  
Julie Werrett ◽  
Yvette Easthope ◽  
Steven Farmer ◽  
Catherine Chung
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Apartment House ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Total Death ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to investigate the association between traumatic stress and death anxiety among residents who were exposed to a train crash in Stafford, England. Sixty-six community residents were interviewed using the Impact of Event Scale (IES), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). The results showed that the IES scores of the community residents were significantly lower than the standardized Stress Clinic samples, while they were significantly higher than the standardized medical student samples. Thirty-five percent of residents scored at or above the GHQ cutoff point. The community residents' total death anxiety score was significantly higher than the standardized sample of apartment house residents and was no different from the sample of psychiatric patients. Correlation tests showed no association between death anxiety and traumatic stress. The article ended with some remarks on issues relating to data comparison.

scholarly journals Association between stalking victimisation and psychiatric morbidity in a random community sample

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (5) ◽  
pp. 416-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemary Purcell ◽  
Michele Pathé ◽  
Paul E. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Matched Control ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Stalking Victims ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundNo studies have assessed psychopathology among victims of stalking who have not sought specialist help.AimsTo examine the associations between stalking victimisation and psychiatric morbidity in a representative community sample.MethodA random community sample (n = 1844) completed surveys examining the experience of harassment and current mental health. The 28-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ–28) and the Impact of Event Scale were used to assess symptomatology in those reporting brief harassment (n = 196) or protracted stalking (n = 236) and a matched control group reporting no harassment (n = 432)ResultsRates of caseness on the GHQ–28 were higher among stalking victims (36.4%) than among controls (19.3%) and victims of brief harassment (21.9%). Psychiatric morbidity did not differ according to the recency of victimisation, with 34.1% of victims meeting caseness criteria 1 year after stalking had ended.ConclusionsIn a significant minority of victims, stalking victimisation is associated with psychiatric morbidity that may persist long after it has ceased. Recognition of the immediate and long-term impacts of stalking is necessary to assist victims and help alleviate distress and long-term disability.

Daily Stress and Concept of Self in Swedish Ambulance Personnel

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Jonsson ◽  
Kerstin Segesten
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Ambulance Personnel ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Daily Work ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroduction:This study investigated the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms among professional ambulance personnel in Sweden and investigated the question: “Does self-knowledge have influence on how well one copes with the effects of daily work exposure from such events?” Little is known about the variables that might be associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms in highrisk occupational groups such as ambulance service groups.Methods:Data were gathered from ambulance personnel by means of an anonymous questionnaire. Survey responses of 362 ambulance personnel from the county of Västra Götaland were analyzed. A correlation was established between post-traumatic symptoms using the impact of event scale (IES-15) and the Professional Self-Description Form (PSDF).Results:Of those who reported a traumatic situation, 21.5% scored ≥ 26 on the IES-15 subscale. Scores >26 indicate “PTSD caseness”. There were significant differences on PSDF subscales between those presenting with or without posttraumatic symptoms.Conclusions:The mental health and emotional well-being of ambulance personnel appear to be compromised by accident and emergency work. The high prevalence of PTSD symptoms in ambulance personnel indicates an inability to cope with post-traumatic stress caused by daily work experiences.

scholarly journals The Impact of Event Scale – Revised: psychometric properties of the Lithuanian version in a sample of employees exposed to workplace bullying

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilija Malinauskienė ◽  
Lina Bernotaitė
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Background. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) is often used as a  self-report instrument for symptoms of post-traumatic stress (PTS). The objective of this study was to explore the reliability and validity of the Lithuanian IES-R in a sample of employees with exposure to workplace bullying in different occupations. Materials and methods. The  original IES-R was translated into Lithuanian, and the  comparability of content was verified through back-translation procedures. 294 employees with exposure to workplace bullying (52 teachers from the secondary schools of Kaunas, 56 family physicians, 101 nurses of internal medicine departments, 40 waiters, and 45 seafarers) were administered the  Lithuanian IES-R and the  General Health Questionnaire  –  12 (GHQ-12) in order to verify some aspects of convergent validity. The  exploratory factor analysis was used to verify the construct validity of the IES-R. Results. The reliability of the Lithuanian version of the IES-R was verified. Cronbach’s α of the total scale was 0.95. Exploratory factor analysis showed a clear factor structure with three independent dimensions: intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal. Cronbach’s α for subscales of intrusion, avoidance and hyperarousal were 0.89, 0.85, and 0.88, respectively. The convergent validity was supported by positive correlations between the subscales (intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal) and the GHQ-12. Conclusions. The results suggest that the self-reported Lithuanian IES-R is a valid instrument for assessing the dimensions of post-traumatic stress, has good psychometric properties, and may be applied in prolonged trauma-exposed populations.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Psychological Rumination and Symptoms of Traumatic Stress in Patients with Mild Paralysis in Acute Phase of Stroke: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Okihara ◽  
Kohei Koizumi ◽  
Hidetoshi Takahashi ◽  
Mayumi Suzuki ◽  
Tomonori Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Japanese Version ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Research shows that post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are common in survivors of acute life-threatening illnesses, and rumination is considered to be associated with PTSS. Additionally, post-stroke symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (sPTSD) usually manifest as a type of anxiety disorder after a stroke. This study investigated the prevalence of sPTSD and the relationship between PTSS and rumination.Methods: The participants comprised 29 patients admitted to the Saitama Medical University International Medical Center within one week after experiencing a stroke. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised Japanese version (IES-R-J) and Leuven Adaptation of the Rumination on Sadness Scale Japanese version (LARSS-J) were employed for the evaluation of PTSS, sPTSD, and rumination.Results: The 29 patients (15 males, mean age: 63 ± 11 years) were classified as follows: 17 patients with cerebral infarction, 10 patients with cerebral hemorrhage, and 2 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. The ratio of persons with sPTSD (IES-R-J total score > 25) was 34% (10 patients). A significant positive correlation was found between PTSS and rumination (r = 0.460, p < 0.05).Conclusion: The findings indicated that approximately 30% of acute stroke patients experienced sPTSD, and that the severity of PTSS is related to rumination.

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