Effect of climatic conditions and soil type on antioxidant compounds in organic and conventional blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

Planta Medica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S381
Author(s):  
MD López ◽  
P Jara ◽  
S Fischer ◽  
R Wilckens ◽  
H Serri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds

scholarly journals Differential Morpho-Physiological and Transcriptomic Responses to Heat Stress in Two Blueberry Species

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2481
Author(s):  
Jodi Callwood ◽  
Kalpalatha Melmaiee ◽  
Krishnanand P. Kulkarni ◽  
Amaranatha R. Vennapusa ◽  
Diarra Aicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Go Terms

Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) are highly vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, especially increasing temperatures. To gain insight into mechanisms underpinning the response to heat stress, two blueberry species were subjected to heat stress for 6 and 9 h at 45 °C, and leaf samples were used to study the morpho-physiological and transcriptomic changes. As compared with Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium darrowii exhibited thermal stress adaptation features such as small leaf size, parallel leaf orientation, waxy leaf coating, increased stomatal surface area, and stomatal closure. RNAseq analysis yielded ~135 million reads and identified 8305 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during heat stress against the control samples. In V. corymbosum, 2861 and 4565 genes were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h of heat stress, whereas in V. darrowii, 2516 and 3072 DEGs were differentially expressed at 6 and 9 h, respectively. Among the pathways, the protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was the highly enriched pathway in both the species: however, certain metabolic, fatty acid, photosynthesis-related, peroxisomal, and circadian rhythm pathways were enriched differently among the species. KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEGs revealed important biosynthesis and metabolic pathways crucial in response to heat stress. The GO terms enriched in both the species under heat stress were similar, but more DEGs were enriched for GO terms in V. darrowii than the V. corymbosum. Together, these results elucidate the differential response of morpho-physiological and molecular mechanisms used by both the blueberry species under heat stress, and help in understanding the complex mechanisms involved in heat stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Cold Hardiness and Options for the Freeze Protection of Southern Highbush Blueberry

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick D. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Overhead Irrigation ◽  
Frost Protection ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Freeze Protection

Southern highbush blueberries (SHB; Vaccinium corymbosum interspecific hybrid) are a low chill species of blueberry that are commercially grown in sub-tropical climates. Due to the nature of SHB, the flowering and fruit set occur in mid-winter to early spring and are susceptible to freeze damage. The most effective use of freeze protection is based on climatic conditions. Identification of advective or radiative freeze, intensity of the freeze event, and the equipment deployed are the key elements for deciding if the crop can be protected and justifying the expense to operate the system. Of the various methods used in frost protection, applying overhead irrigation water is the most promising. During a freeze event, an application of 6.3 mm ha−1 (0.10 in A−1) of water per hour is required to protect blueberries from −2.8 °C (27 °F) temperature with winds from 0 to 16 km h−1 (0 to 10 mph). This is 25.4 kL h−1 ha−1 (2715 gal h−1 A−1) of water. Overhead irrigation freeze protection is dependent on large volumes of water. This paper will review methods of freeze/frost protection, importance of weather patterns, and critical temperatures based on phenology of flowering to fruit set.

scholarly journals Foliar Calcium Corrects a Deficiency Causing Green Fruit Drop in ‘Draper’ Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Gerbrandt ◽  
Charles Mouritzen ◽  
Mark Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Fruit Drop

‘Draper’ northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a widely-planted mid-season cultivar with excellent fruit quality. Under the climatic conditions of Southwestern British Columbia, Canada, and Northwestern Washington, USA, it expresses a physiological disorder causing spontaneous green fruit drop (GFD) of up to half of the developing crop just prior to onset of the fruit coloring phenophase. Reduction of economic losses due to GFD required identification of the cause of this disorder and development of an agronomic solution that would reduce fruit drop. In 2014, two initial experiments were conducted to compare three foliar Ca products under a range of N fertilization rates. In 2015 and 2016, three locations were used in a first step to optimizing rates and timings of foliar Ca application. Initial experiments determined that higher N fertilization rates exacerbate GFD but that foliar Ca corrects the condition. Multi-site, multi-year trials identified key rates and timings for foliar Ca application to provide an agronomic solution for commercial growers. These trials identified an acute fruit Ca deficiency as the cause of GFD, and that foliar calcium applied frequently at high concentration from mid-bloom onward can be effective in reducing GFD, often to negligible levels. This condition has now been reported in several production regions around the world.

scholarly journals Black Oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.) Ontogenesis and Agronomic Performance in Organic Cropping System and Pannonian Environments

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Vladan Ugrenović ◽  
Vera Popović ◽  
Milan Ugrinović ◽  
Vladimir Filipović ◽  
Ksenija Mačkić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Avena Strigosa

This study examined the influence of agroecological conditions on the ontogenesis and production yield traits of black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb.). Understanding the agronomic and phenological properties related to productive properties of black oats can enable more successful introduction into new areas of oat cultivation. Field microexperiments were performed during the three consecutive years (2017–2019) on the two localities in South Banat, in Serbia, which differed in soil type: carbonate chernozem and humogley, respectively. The results showed that all investigated traits of oat in the chernozem soil type were higher when compared with measured traits obtained from the humogley soil type. The average value of yields of aboveground biomass, yield and protein content were significantly higher in relation to the humogley, by 13%, 17% and 11%, respectively for all three seasons. Observed by years, all productivity parameters differed significantly, which confirmed that the productivity of the cultivated plants was strongly influenced by different agroecological, soil and climatic conditions in Pannonian environments. The aboveground biomass and grain yield obtained from the humogley soil type indicate that this species can be successfully grown and utilized in production as a cover or fodder crop even in less favorable soil conditions.

scholarly journals Estimasi Produksi Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Menggunakan Pendekatan Ekologi Spasial Di Kabupaten Jeneponto

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Laode Muhamad Irsan ◽  
Rahma Musyawarah ◽  
Amniar Ati
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Spatial Ecology ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Suitable Area

Jeneponto Regency is one of the biggest corn producers in South Sulawesi. Jeneponto Regency is the most suitable area for estimating corn crop production because it is the largest corn-producing region in South Sulawesi Province and has quite complex terrain variations. Agricultural management requires accurate and accurate information or data that can increase productivity and economic benefits. Get accurate and up-to-date data or information about parts of an accurate agricultural information system to support proper planning. The purpose of this study is to map climatic conditions (rainfall) and physical conditions (slope, height, soil type) and to estimate the amount of corn production and maize production maps through spatial assessment. This research was conducted in the Jeneponto Regency, which is located in the southern part of the South Sulawesi Province. The results of the study show that spatial ecology based on agro-ecosystem zones or agricultural unit units in the estimation of special maize production can increase estimation results with high accuracy. Based on the analysis of the four physical maps that have been mapped are rainfall, soil type, slope, and height which are regulated in the agro-ecosystem zone, the estimated amount with spatial ecological calculations is 159.584,05 tons. The accuracy of the estimation model results with field data reaches 95%. Based on the results of the study can conclude the results of spatial ecological research can be used as a method of estimating production on corn.

scholarly journals INCREASED EFFICIENCY FOR CLEANING THE HEAVES IN POTATO HARVESTING MACHINES

2020 ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Р.В. БЕЗНОСЮК ◽  
Д.В. ЕВТЕХОВ ◽  
С.Н. Борычев ◽  
М.Ю. КОСТЕНКО ◽  
Г.К. РЕМБАЛОВИЧ
Keyword(s):  
Angular Velocity ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Roller Bed ◽  
The Hill

Проблема и цель. При уборке картофеля от клубней отделяется значительное количество почвы. Просеивающие сепараторы недостаточно эффективны на суглинистых почвах при повышенной или пониженной влажности, что приводит к снижению агротехнических и эксплуатационных показателей уборочной техники. Это вызывает возрастание нагрузки на органы выносной сепарации, в частности, на пальчиковые горки. Цель исследований – повышение эффективности работы по очистке вороха в картофелеуборочных машинах. Методология. Предварительно отсепарированный картофельный ворох, попадая на пальчиковую горку, должен находиться в постоянном движении, чтобы обеспечивать отделение клубней картофеля от примесей. Колебания пальчатого транспортера горки позволяют интенсифицировать процесс разделения компонентов картофельного вороха и увеличить площадь сепарации. Почвенные комки, камни и растительные примеси благодаря колебаниям застревают между пальцами транспортера, а округлые клубни картофеля приобретают дополнительную подвижность. Настройка колебаний пальчиковой горки производится исходя из условий уборки и типа почвы путем регулирования частоты вращения кулачкового блока и высоты его установки. Рассмотрено взаимодействие кулачка встряхивающего механизма с пальчатым полотном горки. Скорость колебаний полотна горки зависит от радиуса кулачка и угловой скорости. Результаты. Анализ показал, что ускорение подбрасывания полотна в значительной степени зависит от угловой скорости кулачка. Установлено, что при угле наклона пальчиковой горки 12°-35° величина ускорений для скатывания клубней по горке составляет ay = 9,59-8,0 м/с², что соответствует угловой скорости кулачка встряхивающего механизма 13,8-12,7 рад/с или частоте вращения 132,2-121,3 об/мин. Заключение. Применение кулачкового встряхивающего механизма позволяет повысить качество работы пальчиковой горки и обеспечить возможность регулировки частоты и амплитуды при изменении почвенно-климатических условий Problem and purpose. When harvesting potatoes, a signifcant amount of soil is separated from tubers. Screening separators are not efective enough on loamy soils with high or low humidity, which leads to a decrease in the agrotechnical and operational indicators of harvesting equipment This causes an increase in the load on external separation organs, in particular, on hedgehog slides. Methodology. The pre-separated potato heap, falling on the hedgehog, must be in constant motion to ensure the separation of potato tubers from impurities. Oscillations of the roller slide conveyor make it possible to intensify the process of separating the components of the potato heap and to increase the separation area. Soil lumps, stones and plant impurities get stuck between the conveyor fngers due to vibrations, and rounded potato tubers acquire additional mobility. The vibration of the hedgehog slide is adjusted based on the harvesting conditions and soil type by adjusting the rotational speed of the cam block and the height of its installation. The interaction of the pin of the shaking mechanism with the fnger-like blade of the slide is considered. The oscillation speed of the roller bed depends on the radius of the pin and the angular velocity. Results. Analysis has shown that the acceleration of the belt throw depends largely on the angular velocity of the pin. It was found that at an angle of inclination of the hedgehog slide of 12° - 35°, the magnitude of the accelerations for rolling tubers down the hill is ay = 9.59 – 8.0 m/s2, which corresponds to the angular velocity of the shaking mechanism pin 13.8 – 12.7 rad/s or a speed of 132.2 – 121.3 rpm. Conclusion. The use of a pin shaking mechanism improves the quality of the hedgehog slide and provides the ability to adjust the frequency and amplitude when soil and climatic conditions change.

Influence of climatic conditions and soil type on 99TcO4– uptake by rye grass

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 85-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Echevarria ◽  
Jean Louis Morel ◽  
Louis Florentin ◽  
Elisabeth Leclerc-Cessac
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Rye Grass

scholarly journals Chemical composition of sea-buckthorn and highbush blueberry fruits grown in the Republic of Belarus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Maria Zenkova ◽  
Julia Pinchykova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Pectin Content ◽  
The Republic

Chemical composition of sea-buckthorn and highbush blueberry fruits determines their value while using them fresh or processed. Berries have distinctive characteristics depending on a variety, soil and climatic conditions and growing techniques. The object of the researches have been Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.) of three varieties (Podarok sadu, Trofimovskaya, Botanicheskaya) and Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) of five varieties (Duke, Bluetta, Bluecrop, Northland, Coville) grown in the Republic of Belarus. Sea-buckthorn and Highbush Blueberry fruits chemical composition has been studied during a three-year cycle of monitoring using standard methods and in accordance with technical legal acts of the Republic of Belarus. Solid content (13,0-15,3%), sugar content (4,00-4,80%), organic acids (1,10-2,05%), nitrogen substances content (0,29-0,46%), lipids (3,6-6,2%), pectin content (0,40-0,50%), fiber (3,20-4,90%), minerals, vitamin С (44,7-78,7 мг/100г), β-carotene (4,4-13,2 мг/100г) have been studied in Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.). Solid content (12,2-15,1%), sugar content (2,73-3,96%), organic acids (0,59-0,95%), pectin content (0,57-0,97%), fiber (1,20-1,68%), bioflavonoids (276-368 мг/100 г), bioflavonoids complex fractional composition (anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, catechines, flavonols), vitamin С (60,5-72,2 мг/100 г) and mineral content have been studied in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Exogenous contaminants content (arsenic, heavy metals), hygienical safety indexes, caesium 137 radionuclides content have been investigated in the fruits. Specific varieties characterictics of Sea-buckthorn (Hippophae L.) and Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruit chemical composition have been determined. The studied fruit is fully safe and can be recommended to be used both fresh and processed.

scholarly journals Nectar Production and Spectrum of Insect Visitors in Six Varieties of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in SE Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bożek
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Insect Visitors

Abstract The attractiveness of plants to pollinators depends strongly on flower rewards, especially nectar and pollen. Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and sugar mass are known to influence the spectrum and abundance of insect visitors. Respective data on nectar secretion in highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum ) under the climatic conditions of Poland are scarce. This study was conducted in 2002–2005 to assess flower abundance, nectar production, and insect visitors in six varieties of V. corymbosum in Niemce, SE Poland. Flower abundance ranged from 1.63 ± 0.64 (‘Darrow’) to 4.07 ± 0.95 in thousands of flowers per shrub (‘Northland’). Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and nectar sugar mass increased with flower age, peaking between the sixth and ninth day. Significant differences in nectar characteristics occurred between years and between varieties. ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Darrow’ produced the largest nectar mass (19.08 ± 7.09 and 16.60 ± 8.31 mg nectar per flower, respectively) and nectar sugar mass per flower (6.39 ± 1.52 and 5.76 ± 1.51 mg sugar per flower, respectively). The estimated sugar yield in the studied V. corymbosum varieties ranged from 9.4 ± 3.3 to 20.7 ± 3.8 g sugar per shrub (‘Croatan’ and ‘Bluecrop,’ respectively). Regarding insect visitors, only honey bees and bumble bees were observed. Honey bees comprised 81%–98% of the total number of observed insect visitors. Highbush blueberry, due to abundant blooming and high per-flower sugar yield, is thus a good source of nectar sugars for honey bees.

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