Representation of Practice Guidelines with XML – Modeling with XML Schema

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (04) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schweiger ◽  
J. Dudeck ◽  
S. Hoelzer
Keyword(s):  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Xml Schema ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Text Documents ◽  
Extensible Markup ◽  
Data Elements ◽  
Based Medicine

Summary Objectives: Data and information in medicine are mainly represented in slightly structured or even unstructured, narrative text documents. It is nearly impossible to detect and handle relationships between data elements within narrative documents or to retrieve parts of documents that contain specific information. But information access and retrieval are essential to serve the delivery and application of evidence-based medicine. Methods: The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) provides a standard means to explicitly describe a document‘s structure and to identify meaningful elements inside textual narrations. Information about the state-of-the-art medical care can be delivered to the physician by different means and media. Clinical practice guidelines are thought to be one possible solution to summarize and present current medical evidence. Results: The structuring of resources containing medical information with XML can facilitate the provision of problem-specific medical information at the point of care by improving content retrieval and presentation. In our project, the XML Schema is used for the electronic representation in order to structure guidelines (and other text-based resources) in a standardized way. Conclusion: The transition from unstructured textual data towards structured and coded data will be a migration process. One of the premises of our approach is that the structure that is defined by the information model doesn‘t restrict the content of the documents. This approach may fill the gap between computerized, algorithmic guideline recommendations and text-based guideline distributions.

Clinical Evidence at the Point of Care in Acute Medicine: A Handheld Usability Case Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (16) ◽  
pp. 1409-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harumi Takeshita ◽  
Dianne Davis ◽  
Sharon E. Straus
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
User Requirement ◽  
Medical Information Retrieval ◽  
Wireless Environment ◽  
Based Medicine

The need to design medical information device interfaces for clinical use has been well documented in medical journals. In this study we apply well known usability techniques such as user requirement elicitation and prototype design and evaluation to design an evidence-based medical information retrieval system intended for a wireless environment. Our immediate goal is to make the daily practice of evidence-based medicine (EBM) for frontline clinicians easier by providing relevant, timely information at the point of care (using a wireless PDA device), delivered in a format that is usable and liked by the target group. Our objective is to use this evidence-based information delivery tool as an educational device and to encourage clinicians to consult, as appropriate, the latest best evidence available to support their clinical decision in hopes of improving clinical outcomes. The development of a handheld user interface for clinicians is described, along with results obtained from usability testing with a sample set of scenarios.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Fuzzy Ontology-Based Medical Information System

2011 ◽  
pp. 1494-1505
Author(s):  
David Parry
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Medical Information System ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Unified Medical Language System ◽  
Fuzzy Ontology ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Based Medicine

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) requires appropriate information to be available to clinicians at the point of care. Electronic sources of information may fulfill this need but require a high level of skill to use successfully. This paper describes the rationale and initial testing of a system to allow collaborative search and ontology construction for professional groups in the health sector. The approach is based around the use of a browser using a fuzzy ontology based on the National Library of Medicine (NLM) Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). This approach may provide high quality information for professionals in the future.

Evaluation of a Tool to Enhance Searching for Useful Medical Information on the Internet

2011 ◽  
pp. 330-343
Author(s):  
David Parry
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Unified Medical Language System ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Medical Language ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Based Medicine

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) requires appropriate information to be available to clinicians at the point of care. Electronic sources of information may fulfill this need but require a high level of skill to use successfully. This chapter describes the rationale and initial testing of a system to allow collaborative searching and ontology construction for professional groups in the health sector. The approach is based around the use of a browser using a fuzzy ontology based on the National library of medicine (NLM) unified medical language system (UMLS). The results suggest that a tool that can assist users in finding information by recording their preferences and preferred meaning of text words can be usable by healthcare professionals. This approach may provide high-quality information for professionals in the future.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Fuzzy Ontology-Based Medical Information System

2011 ◽  
pp. 1049-1059
Author(s):  
David Parry
Keyword(s):  
Medical Information ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Medical Information System ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Unified Medical Language System ◽  
Fuzzy Ontology ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
Based Medicine

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) requires appropriate information to be available to clinicians at the point of care. Electronic sources of information may fulfill this need but require a high level of skill to use successfully. This paper describes the rationale and initial testing of a system to allow collaborative search and ontology construction for professional groups in the health sector. The approach is based around the use of a browser using a fuzzy ontology based on the National Library of Medicine (NLM) Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). This approach may provide high quality information for professionals in the future.

scholarly journals Text Classification in Clinical Practice Guidelines Using Machine-Learning Assisted Pattern-Based Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3296
Author(s):  
Musarrat Hussain ◽  
Jamil Hussain ◽  
Taqdir Ali ◽  
Syed Imran Ali ◽  
Hafiz Syed Muhammad Bilal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Matching Techniques ◽  
Disease Specific

Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) aim to optimize patient care by assisting physicians during the decision-making process. However, guideline adherence is highly affected by its unstructured format and aggregation of background information with disease-specific information. The objective of our study is to extract disease-specific information from CPG for enhancing its adherence ratio. In this research, we propose a semi-automatic mechanism for extracting disease-specific information from CPGs using pattern-matching techniques. We apply supervised and unsupervised machine-learning algorithms on CPG to extract a list of salient terms contributing to distinguishing recommendation sentences (RS) from non-recommendation sentences (NRS). Simultaneously, a group of experts also analyzes the same CPG and extract the initial patterns “Heuristic Patterns” using a group decision-making method, nominal group technique (NGT). We provide the list of salient terms to the experts and ask them to refine their extracted patterns. The experts refine patterns considering the provided salient terms. The extracted heuristic patterns depend on specific terms and suffer from the specialization problem due to synonymy and polysemy. Therefore, we generalize the heuristic patterns to part-of-speech (POS) patterns and unified medical language system (UMLS) patterns, which make the proposed method generalize for all types of CPGs. We evaluated the initial extracted patterns on asthma, rhinosinusitis, and hypertension guidelines with the accuracy of 76.92%, 84.63%, and 89.16%, respectively. The accuracy increased to 78.89%, 85.32%, and 92.07% with refined machine-learning assistive patterns, respectively. Our system assists physicians by locating disease-specific information in the CPGs, which enhances the physicians’ performance and reduces CPG processing time. Additionally, it is beneficial in CPGs content annotation.

scholarly journals Access to patient oriented information—a baseline Endo-ERN survey among patients with rare endocrine disorders

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-548
Author(s):  
Violeta Iotova ◽  
Camilla Schalin-Jäntti ◽  
Petra Bruegmann ◽  
Manuela Broesamle ◽  
Johan De Graaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mother Tongue ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Patient Advocacy Groups

Abstract Aim To perform a baseline survey on condition-specific information access among patients/parents/caregivers with rare endocrine disorders (RD) in Europe. Methods Electronic invitation to participate in a survey (19 questions) was sent to 120 patient advocacy groups (PAGs), and further distributed to 32 European countries. Results A total of 1138 respondents from 22 countries (74% women), aged between 1 year (parents) and 70 years, participated. The Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy and France had highest participation rates. All Main Thematic Groups (MTGs) were represented; the adrenal (32%), pituitary (26%) and thyroid (22%) were the most common. The majority of the respondents got information from their endocrinologist (75%), PAGs (37%) and expert reference centre (22%); 95% received information in their mother tongue. Leaflets (70%), infographics (65%), webinars (60%) and Internet films (55%) were preferred ways of learning. Respondents relied mostly on materials by PAGs and alliances (79%), rather than from specific international RD sites (15%). Fifty-six percent used Facebook, and 37% other social media, with a significant age difference (<40/>40 years) among non-users, 19% vs. 36%, p < 0.0001. Of all, 685 answered questions on informational materials for children−79% wanted materials that can be used by the children themselves. There was significant age difference (<40 years/>40 years) in the willingness to help create new educational materials; 49% vs. 34%, p < 0.001. Conclusions Our current patient information access survey provides a sound basis for further planning and execution of educational and teaching activities by Endo-ERN.

scholarly journals The Laboratory Diagnosis of HIV Infections

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Fearon
Keyword(s):  
Point Of Care ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Results

HIV diagnostic testing has come a long way since its inception in the early 1980s. Current enzyme immunoassays are sensitive enough to detect antibody as early as one to two weeks after infection. A variety of other assays are essential to confirm positive antibody screens (Western blot, polymerase chain reaction [PCR]), provide an adjunct to antibody testing (p24 antigen, PCR), or provide additional information for the clinician treating HIV-positive patients (qualitative and quantitative PCR, and genotyping). Most diagnostic laboratories have complex testing algorithms to ensure accuracy of results and optimal use of laboratory resources. The choice of assays is guided by the initial screening results and the clinical information provided by the physician; both are integral to the laboratory's ability to provide an accurate laboratory diagnosis. Laboratories should also provide specific information on specimen collection, storage and transport so that specimen integrity is not compromised, thereby preserving the accuracy of laboratory results. Point of Care tests have become increasingly popular in the United States and some places in Canada over the past several years. These tests provide rapid, on-site HIV results in a format that is relatively easy for clinic staff to perform. However, the performance of these tests requires adherence to good laboratory quality control practices, as well as the backup of a licensed diagnostic laboratory to provide confirmation and resolution of positive or indeterminate results. Laboratory quality assurance programs and the participation in HIV proficiency testing programs are essential to ensure that diagnostic laboratories provide accurate, timely and clinically relevant laboratory results.

scholarly journals Measuring Models

2009 ◽  
pp. 147-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Monperrus ◽  
Jean-Marc Jézéquel ◽  
Joël Champeau ◽  
Brigitte Hoeltzener
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Model Driven Engineering ◽  
Text Documents ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Wide Range

Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) is an approach to software development that uses models as primary artifacts, from which code, documentation and tests are derived. One way of assessing quality assurance in a given domain is to define domain metrics. We show that some of these metrics are supported by models. As text documents, models can be considered from a syntactic point of view i.e., thought of as graphs. We can readily apply graph-based metrics to them, such as the number of nodes, the number of edges or the fan-in/fan-out distributions. However, these metrics cannot leverage the semantic structuring enforced by each specific metamodel to give domain specific information. Contrary to graph-based metrics, more specific metrics do exist for given domains (such as LOC for programs), but they lack genericity. Our contribution is to propose one metric, called s, that is generic over metamodels and allows the easy specification of an open-ended wide range of model metrics.

Overview Statement on Medical Records

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh C. Thompson ◽  
Stanton J. Barron ◽  
John P. Connelly ◽  
Andrew Margileth ◽  
Richard Olmsted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Record ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Chart Audit ◽  
Working Together ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Historically, medical records have been maintamed by individual physicians to record specific information concerning patients. This information was often understandable only to the writer. The data were of outstanding events. This was thought to be sufficient documentation for patient care. Records are now read by others than the individual physicians. Groups of physicians working together often share the same patients and their records. Patients may have multiple sources of care. Our population has become more mobile which makes it necessary to transfer vast amounts of medical information. The medical record many times is the one instrument which gives a complete and continuous documentation of the patient's medical history. Third-party payers are requesting access to medical records to document services provided. Chart audit is being tested as a mechanism for evaluating physician performance. Records must reflect what the physician does in order to be useful in such an appraisal. Much clinical research on the delivery of health care depends on accurately kept records which are easily interpreted. A chart is also a legal document for the protection of the physician as well as the patient. Thus, records will be used in other than traditional ways. Proper confidentiality must be maintained when such uses are necessary. Physicians generally agree as to the essential content of a medical record. However, there is little unanimity as to the structure of the chart. No one system of keeping records is now appropriate for all situations. The maintenance of adequate charts requires additional cost in both time and money.

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