Development and Evaluation of Fuzzy Criteria for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 35 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.-P. Adlassnig ◽  
G. Kolarz ◽  
H. Leitich
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
American Rheumatism Association ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Fuzzy Techniques ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Specificity Rate

Abstract:In 1987, the American Rheumatism Association issued a set of criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to provide a uniform definition of RA patients. Fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic were used to transform this set of criteria into a diagnostic tool that offers diagnoses at different levels of confidence: a definite level, which was consistent with the original criteria definition, as well as several possible and superdefinite levels. Two fuzzy models and a reference model which provided results at a definite level only were applied to 292 clinical cases from a hospital for rheumatic diseases. At the definite level, all models yielded a sensitivity rate of 72.6% and a specificity rate of 87.0%. Sensitivity and specificity rates at the possible levels ranged from 73.3% to 85.6% and from 83.6% to 87.0%. At the superdefinite levels, sensitivity rates ranged from 39.0% to 63.7% and specificity rates from 90.4% to 95.2%. Fuzzy techniques were helpful to add flexibility to preexisting diagnostic criteria in order to obtain diagnoses at the desired level of confidence.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Etiology and Pathogenesis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary S. Firestein ◽  
Anna-Karin H. Ekwall
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
American College Of Rheumatology ◽  
European League Against Rheumatism ◽  
Citrullinated Proteins ◽  
Definition Of

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is among the most common forms of chronic inflammatory arthritis. It affects approximately 1% of adults and is two to three times more prevalent in women than in men. There are no specific laboratory tests for RA; diagnosis depends on a constellation of signs and symptoms that can be supported by serology and radiographs. The disease evolves over many years as a consequence of repeated environmental stress causing inflammation and immune activation followed by a breakdown of tolerance in individuals with a specific genetic background. This review describes the definition of RA; its etiology, including genetics, infections, the role of smoking and citrullination of proteins, and epigenetic mechanisms; and its pathogenesis, including synovial histopathology, bone and cartilage damage, adaptive and innate immunity, and the role of cytokines and intracellular signaling. Tables include the 1987 American Rheumatism Association criteria for the classification of RA and the 2010 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification for RA. Figures show citrullinated proteins in airway cells, a section of a proliferative synovium from a patient with a classic RA, and scalloped regions of erosion at the junction between a proliferative inflamed rheumatoid synovium and the bone. This review contains 3 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 71 references.

Kambin’s triangle: definition and new classification schema

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Fanous ◽  
Luis M. Tumialán ◽  
Michael Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Articular Process ◽  
3D Space ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Original Report ◽  
Definition Of

Kambin’s triangle is an anatomical corridor used to access critical structures in a variety of spinal procedures. It is considered a safe space because it is devoid of vascular and neural structures of importance. Nonetheless, there is currently significant variation in the literature regarding the exact dimensions and anatomical borders of Kambin’s triangle. This confusion was originally caused by leaving the superior articular process (SAP) unassigned in the description of the working triangle, despite Kambin identifying that structure in his original report. The SAP is the most relevant structure to consider when accessing the transforaminal corridor. Leaving the SAP unassigned has led to an open-handed application of the term “Kambin’s triangle.” That single eponym currently has two potential meanings, one meaning for endoscopic surgeons working through a corridor in the intact spine and a second meaning for surgeons accessing the disc space after a complete or partial facetectomy. Nevertheless, an anatomical corridor should have one consistent definition to clearly communicate techniques and use of instrumentation performed through that space. As such, the authors propose a new surgically relevant classification of this corridor. Assigning the SAP a border requires adding another dimension to the triangle, thereby transforming it into a prism. The term “Kambin’s prism” indicates the assignment of a border to all relevant anatomical structures, allowing for a uniform definition of the 3D space. From there, the classification scheme considers the expansion of the corridor and the extent of bone removal, with a particular focus on the SAP.

scholarly journals The american rheumatism association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis

1988 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank C. Arnett ◽  
Steven M. Edworthy ◽  
Daniel A. Bloch ◽  
Dennis J. Mcshane ◽  
James F. Fries ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
American Rheumatism Association

scholarly journals Reference Models for Digital Manufacturing Platforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 4433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraile ◽  
Sanchis ◽  
Poler ◽  
Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Reference Model ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Digital Manufacturing ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Operations Planning ◽  
Reference Models ◽  
Industrial Internet ◽  
Manufacturing Platform ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

This paper presents an integrated reference model for digital manufacturing platforms, based on cutting edge reference models for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems. Digital manufacturing platforms use IIoT systems in combination with other added-value services to support manufacturing processes at different levels (e.g. design, engineering, operations planning, and execution). Digital manufacturing platforms form complex multi-sided ecosystems, involving different stakeholders ranging from supply chain collaborators to Information Technology (IT) providers. This research analyses prominent reference models for IIoT systems to align the definitions they contain and determine to what extent they are complementary and applicable to digital manufacturing platforms. Based on this analysis, the Industrial Internet Integrated Reference Model (I3RM) for digital manufacturing platforms is presented, together with general recommendations that can be applied to the architectural definition of any digital manufacturing platform.

Simonart's Band: Its Effect on Cleft Classification and Recommendations for Standardized Nomenclature

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 726-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Naran ◽  
Richard E. Kirschner ◽  
Lindsay Schuster ◽  
Osama Basri ◽  
Matthew Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
System Diagnosis ◽  
The Face ◽  
Uniform Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Objective Accurate classification of cleft lip plays an important role in communication, treatment planning, and comparison of outcomes across centers. Although there is reasonable consensus in defining cleft types, the presence of Simonart's band can make classification challenging. Our objective was to survey cleft care providers to determine what all consider to be Simonart's band, how its presence effects cleft lip classification, and to provide recommendations for standardized nomenclature. Design A multiple-choice survey was e-mailed to 1815 members of the American Cleft Palate–Craniofacial Association, assessing each respondent's definition of Simonart's band and its effect on cleft classification. Cleft classification was drawn from the ICD system diagnosis billing codes. Descriptive analysis was performed. Results Three hundred seventy-three providers completed the survey (20.5% response), the majority of whom were surgeons (61.5%); 87.1 % agreed with the definition that a Simonart's band is “any soft tissue bridge located at the base of the nostril or more internally, between the segmented ridges.” However, only 41.8% felt that the presence of a Simonart's band rendered a cleft lip incomplete; 54.4% felt that an alveolar cleft was the defining difference between a complete and an incomplete cleft lip. When asked to define the child with a cleft involving the upper lip that extends into the naris but interrupted by a soft tissue bridge located only at the base of the nostril or more internally, without a cleft of the alveolar ridge and palate, 61.4% classified this as an incomplete cleft lip, 32.7% as a complete cleft lip, and 5.9% as an unspecified cleft lip. Conclusions Responses revealed wide discrepancy in the classification of cleft phenotypes and in the interpretation of the significance of anatomical components in the classification of a cleft lip. We discuss the difficulty in aligning classification based on unclear definition of terms and variable anatomic parameters. We highlight this issue in the face of a need for comparability in clinical evidence-based practices. To ensure precision and uniformity in cleft classification, we recommend that use of the term “Simonart's band” be abandoned while incorporating a notation of the integrity of the nasal sill into the LAHSHAL system. We propose a uniform definition of incomplete versus complete cleft lip, wherein a cleft lip will be classified as complete in the presence or absence of narrow bands of tissue present at the base of the nasal sill or more internally.

scholarly journals REGIONAL APPROACH TO INFRASTRUCTURE CLASSIFICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
S.V. Avilkina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Educational Infrastructure ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
Hierarchical Structuring ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Levels

The relevance of studying the issues of infrastructure classification is due to the problems of regional asymmetry of Russian regions and the need to assess their infrastructural potential, identify infrastructural facilities that meet the needs of organizations of both the region and territorial entities of different levels. In connection with the processes of changing technological structures, the intellectualization of the economy, the formation of approaches to assessing the educational and scientific and educational infrastructure of the region becomes relevant. The purpose of the article is to describe the regional approach to the classification of infrastructure, as well as to substantiate the influence of educational infrastructure on the development of the economy. The analysis of existing approaches to the definition of the concept of «infrastructure» and its classification is applied. The proposed classification is based on the idea of structuring the infrastructure in accordance with the requests of researchers of the regional economy and the needs arising at different levels of state and corporate governance. As a result of the study, a regional approach to the classification of infrastructure objects was proposed. The advantages of this approach are described. A hierarchical structuring of infrastructural potential based on the identification of different regional levels is proposed. Based on the application of the stakeholder approach with identifying the list of users of the infrastructure object, the following types of regions were identified: «regions — infrastructure donors» and «regions — infrastructure recipients». The argumentation of the thesis «educational infrastructure is an industrial infrastructure» is given, which is based on the analysis of indicators included in the methods of assessing the innovative development of the economy; analysis of the parameters used by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia for forecasting the rate of economic growth; analysis of the potential of higher education as an important element in the development of the knowledge economy. The approaches of researchers to the concept of «scientific and educational infrastructure» are analyzed and the author’s approach to the analysis of the regional potential of scientific and educational infrastructure as an element of the industrial infrastructure of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation is proposed. The materials of the article can be used by researchers of regional development problems, heads of organizations and government bodies for structuring infrastructure facilities in the region, identifying the infrastructural potential of individual facilities, highlighting objects of scientific and educational infrastructure. Key words: regional economy, classification of infrastructure, higher education, infrastructure potential of the territory, scientific and educational infrastructure.

scholarly journals Definition of the overall udder score for the Czech Fleckvieh Cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Kučera ◽  
Tomáš Kopec ◽  
Tao Yong ◽  
Oto Hanuš ◽  
Jaroslav Kopecký
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values ◽  
Score Model ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Type Classification ◽  
Different Levels

Based on the linear type classification of 49 246 young cows of the Czech Fleckvieh breed the overall udder score was proposed. Calculation of the overall udder score is derived from the particular type traits, especially from those traits, where the optimal development is not scored by maximum. Cubic regression coefficients were used for recalculation and obtained a new scale for traits such as udder depth, teat length, teat thickness, teat position and teat placement. These re-calculated traits together with other particular traits described on the udder were combined to the model for overall udder score – model 1. In the model 2 the same proportion of the particular traits was used with restriction by extreme development of the udder dept, where two different levels of penalization (−3 and −6 points) were used. Both models were compared with the current used system, where the x = 77.1, s = 5.22; for model 1 x = 84.94 (s = 2.65); for model 2 x = 84.40, s = 2.74. In both proposed models the distribution of the overall score for udder showed significantly smooth distribution, than in current system.The coefficient of correlation between current system and new proposals reached r = 0.799. Estimated breeding values for new models decreased from x = 0.199, s = 0.946 by the current used system, to x = 0.087 for model 1, x = 0.089 for model 2 respectively. Also the variability of the breeding values decreased. Estimated coefficients of heritability also decreased from 0.22 by the current system to 0.15 by the model 1 and 0.15 by the model 2, respectively.

scholarly journals FACTOR OF DELEGITIMIZATION IN THE PROCESS OF DESTABILIZATION OF THE POLITICAL REGIME

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Democratic Transformation ◽  
Institutional Space ◽  
Different Levels

The factors of legitimation and delegitimization of power in the context of the functioning of transitional states are considered and analyzed. The peculiarity of such states is the problem of consolidation of citizens on the basis of common values, the absence of which gradually leads to the delegitimization of the political regime. Particular attention is paid to classical and modern interpretations of legitimacy and related concepts. An understanding of the definition of «legitimacy» is given as an order in which the power of the rulers and the voluntary subordination of the governed, i.e. free recognition by each member of the legal society. It is established that there are different political institutions with different levels of legitimacy in society. The main factors and phases of legitimacy are analyzed, on the example of Ukraine, allocated factors that lead to the delegitimization of a political regime. The problem of the functioning of the institutional process in the post-Soviet states through the phenomenon of double institutionalization, which is characterized by public consent to the functioning of old and new institutions at the same time, is considered separately. The nature of such a phenomenon, which is characterized by a destructive impact on the democratic transformation of society due to the congestion of the new institutional space, has been established. A number of factors of delegitimization of the political regime are analyzed and the classification of factors into economic, geographical, political. The dependence of different factors on different conditions of power is determined. The peculiarity of the delegitimization process in Ukraine, which is characterized by multifactorial with elements of adaptability, has been established. Based on all the theories presented, it is concluded that legitimacy is not only a set of values, it has both cognitive and normative aspects.

scholarly journals Ontology-Based Risk Knowledge Construction for Integrated Pipeline Corridors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Bao-Jiang Han
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Construction Management ◽  
Knowledge Construction ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Risk Knowledge ◽  
Different Levels

In the construction process of different integrated pipe corridors, there exist a large number of similar and reusable risk analysis results. In order to improve the efficiency of risk analysis and the efficiency of dealing with accidents in the process of construction management of integrated pipeline corridors and systematize the fragmented risk analysis knowledge, this paper will build ontology-based knowledge for risk response in integrated pipeline corridors. This ontology knowledge base can not only standardize and informatize knowledge through the definition of knowledge attributes and classification of knowledge, which can help reuse risk management metaknowledge at different levels and greatly improve the efficiency of risk management, but also reason out the risk-causing mechanism and response strategy of new integrated pipeline corridor risk through the similarity between risks and the correlation between risk-causing factors, so as to realize the repeated application of risk knowledge.

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