Biochemical and Molecular Aspects of the Coagulation Cascade

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (01) ◽  
pp. 001-006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl W Davie
Keyword(s):  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Molecular Aspects

The uncalibrated prothrombinase-induced clotting time test

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 212-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jovic ◽  
M. Hollenstein ◽  
P. Degiacomi ◽  
M. Gautschi ◽  
A. Ferrández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Xa ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Direct Thrombin Inhibitors ◽  
Functional Assay ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Coagulation Time ◽  
Time Test

SummaryThe activated partial thromboplastin time test (aPTT) represents one of the most commonly used diagnostic tools in order to monitor patients undergoing heparin therapy. Expression of aPTT coagulation time in seconds represents common practice in order to evaluate the integrity of the coagulation cascade. The prolongation of the aPTT thus can indicate whether or not the heparin level is likely to be within therapeutic range. Unfortunately aPTT results are highly variable depending on patient properties, manufacturer, different reagents and instruments among others but most importantly aPTT’s dose response curve to heparin often lacks linearity. Furthermore, aPTT assays are insensitive to drugs such as, for example, low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) and direct factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors among others. On the other hand, the protrombinase-induced clotting time assay (PiCT®) has been show to be a reliable functional assay sensitive to all heparinoids as well as direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs). So far, the commercially available PiCT assay (Pefakit®-PiCT®, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. Branch Pentapharm, Basel, Switzerland) is designed to express results in terms of units with the help of specific calibrators, while aPTT results are most commonly expressed as coagulation time in seconds. In this report, we describe the results of a pilot study indicating that the Pefakit PiCT UC assay is superior to the aPTT for the efficient monitoring of patients undergoing UFH therapy; it is also suitable to determine and quantitate the effect of LMWH therapy. This indicates a distinct benefit when using this new approach over the use of aPPT for heparin monitoring.

Molecular Aspects of Defibrination in a Case of Amniotic Fluid Embolism

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 0724-0727 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Graeff ◽  
R Hafter ◽  
R von Hugo
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Embolism ◽  
Molecular Aspects

MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF SARCOPENIA PATHOGENESIS IN CHRONOC KIDNEY DISEASE: INTEGRATED ROLE OF mTOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Z. Gasanov
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Healthy Person ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Cytoskeleton Organization ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
End Stage

In recent decades, the main pathogenetic mechanisms for maintaining muscle mass and strength have been discovered. Most of the scientific papers on the molecular aspects of the  pathogenesis of sarcopenia were focused on the Akt-signaling  pathway. The subject of the study were people of elderly and senile  age, immobilized patients, patients with CKD 1-4 stages, animals. However, recently more attention has been paid to the role  of protein – the mammalian target of rapamycin mTOR. It seems to be a key link in the control of muscle mass and is a promising  marker in understanding the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of  sarcopenia. Its importance in protein metabolism in patients with  end stage kidney disease is not studied and requires further research. The presented scientific review contains  information on the role of mTOR and its components – mTORC1 and mTORC2 in maintaining muscle mass and strength in a healthy  person and in the formation of sarcopenia in patients with CKD. The  general aid of mTORC1 complex is regulation of protein production  which is necessary for cell growth and differentiation. mTORC2  complex functions are not enough studied. It is established that it  plays important role in such biological processes as cytoskeleton  organization, intracellular homeostasis maintaining, so it provides  cell resistance and cell survivability in negative external and internal  impulses. mTOR protein can be considered as promising molecular  marker in diagnostics of protein metabolism early disturbances in  patients with CKD and also as additory factor of sarcopenia severity assessment.

Hazelnut Pollination

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 555d-555
Author(s):  
J.L. Olsen ◽  
S.A. Mehlenbacher ◽  
A.N. Azarenko
Keyword(s):  
Single Gene ◽  
Pistillate Flower ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Anisogramma Anomala ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Management Recommendations ◽  
Pollen Shed ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

Hazelnuts are wind-pollinated, monoecious, mostly dichogamous, and self-incompatible of the sporophytic type. About 90% of the cultivars studied are protandrous. Anthesis of the pistillate flower is temperature-dependent and occurs from December through February, with its peak in January. Stigmatic surfaces may remain receptive for up to 3 months. Four to 5 months separate pollination and fertilization of the ovule, which usually occurs between mid-May and the end of June in Oregon. A 10% pollinizer density has been the standard, with a recommended distance of <20 m between the main cultivar and the nearest pollinizer. Two or three different pollinizer varieties with different times of pollen shed are recommended. The Oregon hazelnut industry is presently combating the fungal disease, Eastern Filbert Blight, Anisogramma anomala. Part of the current management recommendations are to reduce the susceptible pollinizer varieties to a density of around 5%, and then gradually replace those left with immune or more-resistant genotypes. Recent research by S.A. Mehlenbacher refined methods of using fluorescense microscopy to quickly determine genotype compatibility. The self-incompatiblity is controlled by a single gene with multiple alleles. The biochemical, physiological, and molecular aspects of sporophytic self-incompatiblity are being research by A.N. Azarenko.

REPEATED LONG-TERM SPACE FLIGHTS: PROTEOMIC INVESTIGATIONS OF COSMONAUTS' BLOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
I.M. Larina ◽  
◽  
D.N. Kashirina ◽  
K.S. Kireev ◽  
A.I. Grigoriev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Space Station ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biochemical Indices

We performed the first ever comparative analysis of modifications in the proteome, ionogram and some other blood plasma biochemical indices of 18 male cosmonauts (44 ± 6 years of age) before and after maiden or repeated long-term missions to the Russian segment of the International space station (ISS RS). Levels of proteins, substrates and ions as well as chemical components were measured using the LC-MS-based proteomics and routine biochemical techniques. A total of 256 to 281 indices were investigated with the methods of descriptive statistic, regression analysis, and access to bioinformatics resources. It was shown that blood indices recovery from the maiden and repeated missions reflects changes in the body systems and goes at a various speed. The results of measurements made prior to launch and on day 7 after landing are dependent on the number of missions. The bioinformatics techniques showed that after maiden missions both the mediator proteins of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and blood proteins with reliably changing concentrations are associated with the bio-processes including stress, metabolism and DNA reparation, apoptosis, catabolism and proteolysis. During early re-adaptation from repeated missions the AP level was affected by bone remodeling, phosphorylation, angiogenesis and coagulation cascade suggesting a distinct and urgent trigger of the processes of bone structure and mineralization.

Differential Drug Target Selection in Blood Coagulation: What can we get from Computational Systems Biology Models?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 2109-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail A. Panteleev ◽  
Anna A. Andreeva ◽  
Alexey I. Lobanov
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Biological Network ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Differential Regulation ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Computational Systems Biology ◽  
Analysis Strategies ◽  
Optimal Target ◽  
Computational Systems

Discovery and selection of the potential targets are some of the important issues in pharmacology. Even when all the reactions and the proteins in a biological network are known, how does one choose the optimal target? Here, we review and discuss the application of the computational methods to address this problem using the blood coagulation cascade as an example. The problem of correct antithrombotic targeting is critical for this system because, although several anticoagulants are currently available, all of them are associated with bleeding risks. The advantages and the drawbacks of different sensitivity analysis strategies are considered, focusing on the approaches that emphasize: 1) the functional modularity and the multi-tasking nature of this biological network; and 2) the need to normalize hemostasis during the anticoagulation therapy rather than completely suppress it. To illustrate this effect, we show the possibility of the differential regulation of lag time and endogenous thrombin potential in the thrombin generation. These methods allow to identify the elements in the blood coagulation cascade that may serve as the targets for the differential regulation of this system.

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