REPEATED LONG-TERM SPACE FLIGHTS: PROTEOMIC INVESTIGATIONS OF COSMONAUTS' BLOOD

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
I.M. Larina ◽  
◽  
D.N. Kashirina ◽  
K.S. Kireev ◽  
A.I. Grigoriev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Space Station ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biochemical Indices

We performed the first ever comparative analysis of modifications in the proteome, ionogram and some other blood plasma biochemical indices of 18 male cosmonauts (44 ± 6 years of age) before and after maiden or repeated long-term missions to the Russian segment of the International space station (ISS RS). Levels of proteins, substrates and ions as well as chemical components were measured using the LC-MS-based proteomics and routine biochemical techniques. A total of 256 to 281 indices were investigated with the methods of descriptive statistic, regression analysis, and access to bioinformatics resources. It was shown that blood indices recovery from the maiden and repeated missions reflects changes in the body systems and goes at a various speed. The results of measurements made prior to launch and on day 7 after landing are dependent on the number of missions. The bioinformatics techniques showed that after maiden missions both the mediator proteins of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and blood proteins with reliably changing concentrations are associated with the bio-processes including stress, metabolism and DNA reparation, apoptosis, catabolism and proteolysis. During early re-adaptation from repeated missions the AP level was affected by bone remodeling, phosphorylation, angiogenesis and coagulation cascade suggesting a distinct and urgent trigger of the processes of bone structure and mineralization.

scholarly journals Excretion of Heavy Metals and Glyphosate in Urine and Hair Before and After Long-Term Fasting in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Grundler ◽  
Gilles-Eric Séralini ◽  
Robin Mesnage ◽  
Vincent Peynet ◽  
Françoise Wilhelmi de Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Before And After

Background: Dietary exposure to environmental pollutants in humans is an important public health concern. While long-term fasting interrupts the dietary exposure to these substances, fat mobilization as an energy source may also release bioaccumulated substances. This was, to our knowledge, only investigated in obese people decades ago. This study explored the effects of 10-days fasting on the excretion of heavy metals and glyphosate.Methods: Urinary levels of arsenic, chromium, cobalt, lead, nickel, mercury and glyphosate were measured before and after 10 fasting days in 109 healthy subjects. Additionally, hair analysis was done before and ten weeks after fasting in 22 subjects.Results: Fasting caused a decrease in body weight, and in urinary arsenic (by 72%) and nickel (by 15%) concentrations. A decrease in lead hair concentrations (by 30%) was documented. Urinary mercury levels were unchanged for chromium, cobalt and glyphosate, which were undetectable in most of the subjects. Additionally, fatigue, sleep disorders, headache and hunger were reduced. Body discomfort symptoms diminished four weeks after food reintroduction.Conclusions: The results of this study provide the first insights into the changes in heavy metal excretion caused by long-term fasting. Further studies focusing on the kinetics of efflux between different compartments of the body are needed.Clinical Trial Registration:https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00016657, identifier: DRKS00016657.

Microbial Observatory Research in the International Space Station and Japanese Experiment Module “Kibo”

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki Shirakawa ◽  
◽  
Fumiaki Tanigaki ◽  
Takashi Yamazaki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Microgravity Environment ◽  
International Space ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Experiment Module

The International Space Station (ISS) is a completely closed environment that offers a long-term microgravity environment. It is a unique environment where microbes can fly and attach themselves to devices or humans, especially the exposed parts of the body and head. The ongoing monitoring and analysis of microbes and their movement inside the Japanese Experiment Module (named “Kibo”) of the ISS are intended to study the effects of microbes on humans and prevent health hazards caused by microbes during a long-term space mission. This paper describes the current status and future plan of Japanese microbiological experiments to monitor microbial dynamics in Kibo. It also describes the future prospective and prioritized microbiological research areas based on the “Kibo utilization scenario towards 2020 in the field of life science.” Given the microbial research in space being actively conducted by the USA, NASA and international activities are also reported.

scholarly journals Effects of preweaning nutritional deprivation on basal metabolism and thermoregulatory thermogenesis in the rat

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Muralidhara ◽  
P. S. Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Nutritional Rehabilitation ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Nutritional Deprivation ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Before And After

1. Nutritional deprivation was induced preweaning in Wistar rats by increasing the litter size to sixteen, while paired litters with only five pups served as controls. The nutritionally deprived pups were rehabilitated after weaning by ad lib. access to an adequate diet.2. The body-weights and body lengths were significantly lower in the nutritionally deprived group and significant differences persisted even after 9 weeks of rehabilitation.3. The body temperature of the nutritionally deprived animals was significantly lower than that of their paired controls, both before and following nutritional rehabilitation, except for a short period after weaning when the nutritionally deprived animals were initially given the diet ad lib.4. The resting oxygen consumption of the nutritionally deprived animals was comparable to that of the controls when corrected for metabolic body size, both before and after weaning. Noradrenaline-stimulated increase in 02 consumption (non-shivering thermogenesis; NST) was reduced by 50% at weaning in the nutritionally deprived animals and returned to levels comparable to those of controls within a short period of rehabilitation.5. The decrease in NST capacity seen in the nutritionally deprived animals was associated with an inability to thermoregulate when exposed to cold (5°), resulting in death. Cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) also reappeared soon after nutritional rehabilitation.6. Reduction in metabolic rate, NST and CIT seen in the animals nutritionally deprived preweaning was short-lived and disappeared soon after nutritional rehabilitation. Rapid reversal of these physiological changes indicates that they do not confer any long-term benefit or change in metabolic efficiency and are unlike the changes in body size and growth which do not completely recover following nutritional rehabilitation.

Response of Vestibular-Nerve Afferents to Active and Passive Rotations Under Normal Conditions and After Unilateral Labyrinthectomy

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 1503-1514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soroush G. Sadeghi ◽  
Lloyd B. Minor ◽  
Kathleen E. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Vestibular Nerve ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Unilateral Labyrinthectomy ◽  
Vestibular Nerve Afferents ◽  
Head Rotations

We investigated the possible contribution of signals carried by vestibular-nerve afferents to long-term processes of vestibular compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy. Semicircular canal afferents were recorded from the contralesional nerve in three macaque monkeys before [horizontal (HC) = 67, anterior (AC) = 66, posterior (PC) = 50] and 1–12 mo after (HC = 192, AC = 86, PC = 57) lesion. Vestibular responses were evaluated using passive sinusoidal rotations with frequencies of 0.5–15 Hz (20–80°/s) and fast whole-body rotations reaching velocities of 500°/s. Sensitivities to nonvestibular inputs were tested by: 1) comparing responses during active and passive head movements, 2) rotating the body with the head held stationary to activate neck proprioceptors, and 3) encouraging head-restrained animals to attempt to make head movements that resulted in the production of neck torques of ≤2 Nm. Mean resting discharge rate before and after the lesion did not differ for the regular, D (dimorphic)-irregular, or C (calyx)-irregular afferents. In response to passive rotations, afferents showed no change in sensitivity and phase, inhibitory cutoff, and excitatory saturation after unilateral labyrinthectomy. Moreover, head sensitivities were similar during voluntary and passive head rotations and responses were not altered by neck proprioceptive or efference copy signals before or after the lesion. The only significant change was an increase in the proportion of C-irregular units postlesion, accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of regular afferents. Taken together, our findings show that changes in response properties of the vestibular afferent population are not likely to play a major role in the long-term changes associated with compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy.

Tissue Factor: A Critical Role in Inflammation and Cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashir A. Lwaleed ◽  
Alan J. Cooper ◽  
David Voegeli ◽  
Kathryn Getliffe
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Factor ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Enzyme Cascade

A series of coordinated enzymatic reactions takes place in the body whenever blood clots. The major physiological initiator of these reactions is a membrane-bound glycoprotein known as tissue factor (TF), which is normally separated from the bloodstream by the vascular endothelium. Bleeding, caused by injury or tissue damage, activates a complex enzyme cascade as TF becomes exposed to the bloodstream. In disease states, leukocytes or the vascular endothelium may abnormally express TF to cause intravascular coagulation. The blood-coagulation cascade is also relevant to diseases such as hemophilia, in which patients are deficient in blood proteins necessary for clotting, and is linked to vascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke, in which clotting can lead to the occlusion of blood vessels. Coagulation is also activated in inflammation and cancer. In this article, we discuss characteristics of TF and review its role in inflammation and cancer.

scholarly journals Pizza Kacang Hijau Sebagai Intervensi Diet Untuk Anak Autisme Dan Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Vika Ramadhana Fitriyani ◽  
Ainiyatul Luklukatul Lababah ◽  
Zakiyah Zakiyah ◽  
Aries Chandra Ananditha
Keyword(s):  
Brain Function ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Adhd Children ◽  
Before And After

Objective: Autism and ADHD children were special need child that have to need their own diets. For autism gluten and casein patients are considered toxic, because the body with autism does not produce enzymes digest gluten. As a result, these undigested proteins are converted into chemical components called opoids. Opoid itself, like drugs such as opium, morphine, and heroin that works as toxins that can interfere with brain function and immune system, causing behavioral disorders. for this study aimed to describe the effect of green bean pizza for diet in children with autism and ADHD.Methods: The method used in this research is case study. The population studied were children with autism and ADHD. Cases used are children with autism. Data collection was done by observation to the respondent before and after givenGreen Peanut Pizza. Univariate data analysis technique using quantitative.Results: In the observation of hyperactive activity of children before and after intervention for 1 week showed improvement. The child's previous hyperactive level is often (almost daily) less frequent (approximately once a week). The child's mother reports that the child is only doing aggressive behavior while facing a situation that really makes his feeling emotionally.Conclusion: Green Bean Pizza is an alternative solution for children's diets with autism and ADHD as it proves to decrease the rate of hyperactivity in children with autism and ADHD.

scholarly journals Effects of Maternal and Progeny Dietary Vitamin E on Growth Performance and Antioxidant Status of Progeny Chicks before and after Egg Storage

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Keying Zhang ◽  
Shiping Bai ◽  
Qiufeng Zeng ◽  
Jianping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Egg Storage

Two trials were conducted to investigate the effects of maternal and progeny dietary vitamin E (VE) supplementation on the growth performance and antioxidant status of offspring before and after egg storage. A total of 576 75-week-old Ross 308 breeder hens were assigned to three dietary VE treatments (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) with 6 replicates of 32 hens for 12 weeks. Two trials were conducted with offspring hatched from eggs laid at weeks 9 and 12 of breeder feeding trial, respectively. Trial 1 was conducted by a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with three levels of maternal dietary VE (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and two levels of progeny dietary VE (0 and 35 mg/kg). Trial 2 was conducted with three maternal dietary VE treatment (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), and chicks were hatched from eggs stored for 14 d and received the same progeny diet with no addition of VE. Results showed that in trial 1, maternal (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) and progeny (0 and 35 mg/kg) dietary VE supplementation did not affect the growth performance of offspring hatched from unstored eggs (p > 0.05). In trial 2, in the case of long-term egg storage, maternal dietary VE supplementation of 200 and 400 mg/kg increased the body weight (BW) of 21- and 42-d-old offspring and the body weight gain (BWG) of offspring from 1 to 21 d (p < 0.05), and decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of offspring from 1 to 21 d (p < 0.05) compared to 100 mg/kg VE. As the maternal dietary VE levels increased, the liver and serum antioxidant status of offspring enhanced (p < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal dietary VE supplementation of 200 or 400 mg/kg could improve the growth performance and anti-oxidant status of offspring hatched from stored eggs, but not for that of offspring hatched from unstored eggs. The suitable VE level for the broiler breeder diet was 400 mg/kg in the case of long-term egg storage.

scholarly journals Changes in Coagulation Parameters After Permanent Pacemaker Implantation

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
I.D. Yoncheva ◽  
D.E. Biserov ◽  
M.N. Negreva
Keyword(s):  
Pacemaker Implantation ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coagulation Cascade ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Cardiac Devices ◽  
The One

AbstractThe connection between venous thrombotic events in patients with implanted pacemakers and changes in coagulation factors has been the basis of numerous scientific studies for years. Results show that the effect on the coagulation system is a long-term and dynamic process, as well as presence of a significant dependence with many concomitant cardiovascular diseases.Advances in medicine in recent decades and increase in life expectancy of patients with implanted cardiac devices (ICD) increase the risk of a variety of complications. These adverse events may be associated with development of thrombosis, change in the stimulation threshold, need for ablation due to concomitant rhythm pathology and others. Analysis of data from literature shows unequivocally that placement of endocardial electrodes leads to activation of the coagulation system in the body. On the one hand, this is a result of the direct traumatic moment and endothelial damage in the early post-procedure period, and subsequently, the presence of electrodes of the foreign body type in some individuals can provoke a procoagulation state.More in-depth research is needed in this area to clarify the answers to these questions, namely: in which phase of the coagulation cascade are the changes most significant; is there a way to anticipate these changes and prevent them accordingly; is disturbed homeostasis of coagulation temporary or persistent.These questions will be answered after sufficient data have been accumulated on these changes and how to modulate them.

scholarly journals PENETAPAN ANGKA PEROKSIDA MINYAK GORENG CURAH SAWIT PADA PENGGORENGAN BERULANG IKAN LELE

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Amelia Handayani Burhan
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peroxide Number ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Before And After

Culinary pecel catfish or fried catfish are in great demand in Yogyakarta. The habit of using palm oil for cooking repeatedly has an economic value for the seller, but has a bad potential for the health of consumers. One of the causes is the increase of the oil peroxide number due to heating process. Peroxide in the long term in the body can cause destruction of vitamin E which is useful to ward off free radicals. This study aims to determine the maximum repetition of palm oil used in the process of frying catfish. A number of bulk oils are used to fry fifteen catfish with frying repetitions five times in constant fire. Oil taken on each fryer is inserted in a bottle in a cold state. The peroxide number on each oil sample was determined by iodometric method using 0.01 Nodium Thiosulfate solution and starch indicator. The results show that the peroxide number of oil palm before and after oil was used to fry the catfish on the fryer to 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively: 0.3198; 2.2707; 3,1022; 3,7738; 4,6063 and 11,0341 mekO2 / kg, wherein the 5th frying peroxide number has exceeded the SNI limit.

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