Markers of Hemostatic Activation in Affected Coronary Arteries during Angioplasty

SummaryTo characterize the extent of early activation of the hemostatic system following angioplasty, we obtained blood samples from the involved coronary artery of 11 stable angina patients during the procedure and measured sensitive markers of thrombin formation (fibrino-peptide A, prothrombin fragment 1.2, and soluble fibrin) and of platelet activation ((3-thromboglobulin). Levels of hemostatic markers in venous blood obtained from 14 young individuals with low pretest probability for coronary artery disease were not significantly different from levels in venous blood or intracoronary samples obtained prior to angioplasty. Also, there was no translesional (proximal and distal to the lesion) gradient in any of the hemostatic markers before or after angioplasty in samples obtained between 18 and 21 min from the onset of the first balloon inflation. Furthermore, no significant difference was noted between angioplasty and postangioplasty intracoronary concentrations. We conclude that intracoronary hemostatic activation does not occur in the majority of patients during and immediately following coronary angioplasty when high doses of heparin and aspirin are administered.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Antiplatelet Drugs on Plasma Betathromboglobulin in Coronary Artery Disease

10.1055/s-0038-1665677 ◽

1979 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P Han ◽

A Turpie ◽

E Genton ◽

M Gent

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Crossover Trial ◽

Specific Protein ◽

Antiplatelet Drugs ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Therapeutic Doses ◽

Granule Release

Platelets play a role in the development and complications of coronary artery disease (CAD) and a number of abnormalities of platelet function which can be corrected by antiplatelet drugs have been described. Betathromboglobulin (BTG), a platelet-specific protein which is released from α-granules during platelet activation is significantly elevated in patients with angiographically demonstrated CAD (51.0 ± 31.0 ng/ml., n = 50) compared to normal (28.0 ± 8.0 ng/ml., n = 70) p < 0.001. The effect of sulphinpyrazone (800 mg.) or aspirin (1200 mg.)/dipyridamole (200 mg.) on plasma BTG in CAD was studied in a blind prospective crossover trial in 25 patients. Mean BTG concentration pre-treatment was 52.3 ng/ml. and after 1 month’s treatment with placebo, sulphinpyrazone or aspirin/dipyridamole mean plasma BTG concentrations were 53.5, 49.6 and 56.7 ng/ml. respectively. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference between the means (p > 0.1) . This study confirms increased plasma BTG concentrations in patients with CAD and indicates that therapeutic doses of these antiplatelet drugs do not significantly effect the BTG level and thus appear not to prevent α-granule release in CAD.

Download Full-text

Osteoprotegerin and Osteopontin Serum Levels are Associated with Vascular Function and Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Current Vascular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1570161117666191022095246 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 523-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Konstantinos Maniatis ◽

Gerasimos Siasos ◽

Evangelos Oikonomou ◽

Manolis Vavuranakis ◽

Marina Zaromytidou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Vascular Function ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Atherosclerosis Progression ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Stable Cad

Background: Osteoprotegerin and osteopontin have recently emerged as key factors in both vascular remodelling and atherosclerosis progression. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine with a key role in atherosclerosis. The relationship of osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, and IL-6 serum levels with endothelial function and arterial stiffness was evaluated in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: We enrolled 219 patients with stable CAD and 112 control subjects. Osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 serum levels were measured using an ELISA assay. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in the brachial artery and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness. Results: There was no significant difference between control subjects and CAD patients according to age and sex. Compared with control subjects, CAD patients had significantly impaired FMD (p<0.001) and increased PWV (p=0.009). CAD patients also had significantly higher levels of osteoprotegerin (p<0.001), osteopontin (p<0.001) and IL-6 (p=0.03), compared with control subjects. Moreover, IL-6 levels were correlated with osteoprotegerin (r=0.17, p=0.01) and osteopontin (r=0.30, p<0.001) levels. FMD was correlated with osteoprotegerin levels independent of possible confounders [b coefficient= - 0.79, 95% CI (-1.54, -0.05), p=0.04]. Conclusion: CAD patients have increased osteoprotegerin, osteopontin and IL-6 levels. Moreover, there is a consistent association between osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels, vascular function and inflammation in CAD patients. These findings suggest another possible mechanism linking osteoprotegerin and osteopontin serum levels with CAD progression through arterial wall stiffening and inflammation.

Download Full-text

Impact of Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes Mellitus on the Long-Term Follow-Up in Patients after Retrograde Recanalization of the Femoropopliteal Arterial Region

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2019/6036359 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Joanna Wojtasik-Bakalarz ◽

Zoltan Ruzsa ◽

Tomasz Rakowski ◽

Andreas Nyerges ◽

Krzysztof Bartuś ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Artery Disease ◽

The Impact

The most relevant comorbidities in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) are coronary artery disease (CAD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). However, data of long-term follow-up of patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO) are scarce. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of CAD and DM on long-term follow-up patients after superficial femoral artery (SFA) CTO retrograde recanalization. In this study, eighty-six patients with PAD with diagnosed CTO in the femoropopliteal region and at least one unsuccessful attempt of antegrade recanalization were enrolled in 2 clinical centers. Mean time of follow-up in all patients was 47.5 months (±40 months). Patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of CAD (CAD group: n=45 vs. non-CAD group: n=41) and DM (DM group: n=50 vs. non-DM group: n=36). In long-term follow-up, major adverse peripheral events (MAPE) occurred in 66.6% of patients with CAD vs. 36.5% of patients without CAD and in 50% of patients with DM vs. 55% of non-DM subjects. There were no statistical differences in peripheral endpoints in both groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality: in the DM group, there were 6 deaths (12%) (P value = 0.038). To conclude, patients after retrograde recanalization, with coexisting CTO and DM, are at higher risk of death in long-term follow-up.

Download Full-text

C-338A Polymorphism of the Endothelin-Converting Enzyme (ECE-1) Gene and the Susceptibility to Sporadic Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease and Coronary Artery Disease

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2008/578304 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 175-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Renato Scacchi ◽

Giuseppe Gambina ◽

Elisabetta Broggio ◽

Maria Ruggeri ◽

Rosa Maria Corbo

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Late Onset ◽

Protective Role ◽

Converting Enzyme ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Endothelin Converting Enzyme ◽

Artery Disease

The human endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE) is involved inβ-amyloid synthesis and regulation of the endothelin-1 (ET-1) vasoconstricting peptide. We investigated the distribution of the C-338A polymorphism of the ECE-1b gene in sporadic late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) and in coronary artery disease (CAD) to verify its role in the onset of these two complex diseases. Two cohorts of 458 Italian Caucasian LOAD patients and 165 CAD patients were examined for the C-338A polymorphism and compared with respective control samples (260 and 106 subjects, respectively). The A allele was less present in LOAD patients than in controls, but an at limits statistically significant difference was achieved only in subjects aged less than 80 years, where only the AA genotypes appeared to have a protective role against the onset of the sporadic LOAD. For the overall CAD sample the pattern was similar and significant differences were observed only in subjects non carrying the apolipoprotein E (APOE) e*4 allele, where the A allele carrying genotypes had a protective role against the onset of the disease.

Download Full-text

Correlation between Therapeutic Efficacy of CD34+ Cell Treatment and Directed In Vivo Angiogenesis in Patients with End-Stage Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2018/9591421 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tien-Hung Huang ◽

Cheuk-Kwan Sun ◽

Yi-Ling Chen ◽

Pei-Hsun Sung ◽

Chi-Hsiang Chu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Therapeutic Efficacy ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Angiogenesis Assay ◽

Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Artery Disease ◽

End Stage

Background. This study was aimed at testing the association between the therapeutic efficacy of CD34+ cell treatment in patients with end-stage diffuse coronary artery disease as reflected in angiographic grading and results of directed in vivo angiogenesis assay (DIVAA) on their isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cell- (PBMC-) derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Methods. Angiographic grades (0: <5%; 1: 5–35%; 2: 35–75%; 3: >75%) which presented the improvement of vessel density pre- and post-CD34+ treatment were given to 30 patients with end-stage diffuse coronary artery disease having received CD34+ cell treatment. The patients were categorized into low-score group (angiographic grade 0 or 1, n=12) and high-score group (angiographic grade 2 or 3, n=18). The percentages of circulating EPCs with KDR+/CD34+/CD45−, CD133+/CD34+/CD45−, and CD34+ were determined in each patient using flow cytometry. PBMC-derived EPCs from all patients were subjected to DIVAA through a 14-day implantation in nude mice. The DIVAA ratio (i.e., mean fluorescent units in angioreactors with EPCs/mean fluorescent units in angioreactors without EPCs) was obtained for each animal with implanted EPCs from each patient. Results and Conclusions. The number of EPCs showed no significant difference among the two groups. The DIVAA ratio in the high-score group was significantly higher than that in the low-score group (p=0.0178). Logistic regression revealed a significant association between the DIVAA ratio and angiographic grading (OR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.14–8.55, p=0.027). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.8519 (p=0.0013). We proposed that DIVAA may be a reliable tool for assessing coronary vascularization after CD34+ cell treatment.

Download Full-text

Abstract 15567: Residual Cholesterol and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease Under Different Glucose Metabolism Status

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.15567 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Jian-jun Li ◽

Yexuan Cao ◽

Hui-Wen Zhang ◽

Jing-Lu Jin ◽

Yan Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards Model ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Artery Disease

Introduction: The atherogenicity of residual cholesterol (RC) has been underlined by recent guidelines, which was linked to coronary artery disease (CAD), especially for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Hypothesis: This study aimed to examine the prognostic value of plasma RC, clinically presented as triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-cholesterol (TRL-C) or remnant-like lipoprotein particles-cholesterol (RLP-C), in CAD patients with different glucose metabolism status. Methods: Fasting plasma TRL-C and RLP-C levels were directly calculated or measured in 4331 patients with CAD. Patients were followed for incident MACEs for up to 8.6 years and categorized according to both glucose metabolism status [DM, pre-DM, normal glycaemia regulation (NGR)] and RC levels. Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: During a mean follow-up of 5.1 years, 541 (12.5%) MACEs occurred. The risk for MACEs was significantly higher in patients with elevated RC levels after adjustment for potential confounders. No significant difference in MACEs was observed between pre-DM and NGR groups (p>0.05). When stratified by status of glucose metabolism and RC levels, highest levels of RLP-C, calculated and measured TRL-C were significant and independent predictors of developing MACEs in pre-DM (HR: 2.10, 1.98, 1.92, respectively; all p<0.05) and DM (HR: 2.25, 2.00, 2.16, respectively; all p<0.05). Conclusions: In this large cohort study with long-term follow-up, data firstly demonstrated that higher RC levels were significantly associated with the worse prognosis in DM and pre-DM patients with CAD, suggesting RC might be a target for patients with impaired glucose metabolism.

Download Full-text

IL-32 Serum Levels in Coronary Artery Disease Patient and its Relationship with IL-6 and TNF-α Serum Levels

10.21203/rs.3.rs-179059/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mina Mohammad-Rezaei ◽

Reza Ahmadi ◽

Ali Rafiei ◽

Arsalan Khaledifar ◽

Shohila Fatahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Arterial Stenosis ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Major Vessel ◽

Artery Disease

Abstract Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by atherosclerosis and arteries become clogged due to plaque formation, fat accumulation, and various sorts of immune cells. IL-32 is a new proinflammatory cytokine, which enhances inflammation through inducing different inflammatory cytokines. The purpose of current research was to assess IL-32 serum levels in coronary artery disease subjects and its relationship with serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Forty-two subjects diagnosed with CAD and thirty-nine control subjects were enrolled in the research. Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-32 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-32, TNF-α, and IL-6 serum levels were significantly higher by 2.7, 3.48, and 3.2-fold in the CAD subjects than in control subjects, respectively. Moreover, no significant difference was found in TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-32 serum levels with the clogged arteries number in the CAD group. TNF-α and IL-32 serum levels in the CAD subjects with cardiac arterial stenosis in one major vessel were significantly increased than CAD subjects with cardiac arterial stenosis in more than one major vessels. ROC curve analysis revealed that serum levels of IL-32, TNF-α, and IL-6 showed good abilities in predicting CAD. Also, Multiple logistic regression analyses suggested that TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-32, serum levels of LDL and ox-LDL were independently related to the presence of CAD, while HDL serum levels were not. TNF-α, IL-32, and IL-6 showed an increase in CAD group and serum levels of these cytokines showed good abilities in predicting CAD. Our data suggested the involvement of TNF-α and IL-32 in the early stage of CAD.

Download Full-text

Utility of Platelet Indices in Assessing the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients of Diabetes Mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-62409/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ayesh Khatoon ◽

Shakti Kumar Yadav ◽

Sompal Singh ◽

Harsh Vardhan Singh ◽

Namrata Sarin

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Platelet Volume ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Artery Disease

Abstract Background: Platelet volume indices (PVI) such as mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and platelet large cell ratio (P-LCR), are the indicators of increased platelet activity which may play a role in development of vascular complications in diabetic patients. This study was performed to evaluate and compare the platelet volume indices such as MPV, PDW, P-LCR in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without manifested coronary artery disease in order to identify their usefulness in determining the risk for development of coronary complications.Methods: Analytical cross - sectional study included 150 patients of which 100 patients were diagnosed as type 2 DM and 50 apparently healthy controls. The study cases were divided into two groups based on presence or absence of coronary artery disease. Group A included 50 cases of type 2 DM without manifested coronary artery disease and group B included 50 cases of type 2 DM with manifested coronary artery disease. PVI was obtained using automated cell counter.Results: MPV, PDW, P-LCR were significantly higher in diabetics as compared to controls subjects (P < 0.001 for all). However, no statistically significant difference was found between diabetics with and without manifested coronary artery disease.Conclusions: The study showed higher PVI in diabetic subjects when compared to control subjects, but no difference between patients with and without manifested coronary artery disease suggesting that various other factors might be associated with the pathogenesis of CAD in patients of DM.

Download Full-text

Potential Impact of MicroRNA-423 Gene Variability in Coronary Artery Disease

Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871530318666181005095724 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 67-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Chandan K. Jha ◽

Rashid Mir ◽

Imadeldin Elfaki ◽

Naina Khullar ◽

Suriya Rehman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Recessive Model ◽

Amplification Refractory Mutation System ◽

Genotype Distribution ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Gene Variability

Aim: Studies have evaluated the association of miRNA-423 C>A genotyping with the susceptibility to various diseases such cancers, atherosclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease but the results were contradictory. However, no studies have reported the association between miRNA-423 rs6505162 C>A polymorphism and susceptibility of coronary artery disease. MicroRNAs regulate expression of multiple genes involved in atherogenesis. Therefore, we investigated the association of microRNA-423C>T gene variations with susceptibility to coronary artery disease. Methodology: This study was conducted on 100 coronary artery disease patients and 117 matched healthy controls. The genotyping of the microRNA-423 rs6505162C>A was performed by using Amplification refractory mutation system PCR method (ARMS-PCR). Results: A significant difference was observed in the genotype distribution among the coronary artery disease cases and sex-matched healthy controls (P=0.048). The frequencies of all three genotypes CC, CA, AA reported in the patient’s samples were 55%, 41% and 4% and in the healthy controls samples were 55%, 41% and 4% respectively. Our findings showed that the microRNA-423 C>A variant was associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease in codominant model (OR = 1.96, 95 % CI, 1.12-3.42; RR 1.35(1.05-1.75, p=0.017) of microRNA-423CA genotype and significant association in dominant model (OR 1.97, 95% CI (1.14-3.39), (CA+AA vs CC) and non-significant association for recessive model (OR=1.42, 95%CI=0.42-4.83, P=0.56, AA vs CC+CA).While, the A allele significantly increased the risk of coronary artery disease (OR =1.56, 95 % CI, 1.03-2.37; p=0.035) compared to C allele. Therefore, it was observed that more than 1.96, 1.97 and 1.56 fold increased risk of developing coronary artery disease. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that microRNA-423 CA genotype and A allele are associated with an increased susceptibility to Coronary artery disease.

Download Full-text

Association study of the CTH 1364 G>T polymorphism with coronary artery disease in the Greek population

Drug Metabolism and Personalized Therapy ◽

10.1515/dmpt-2018-0033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Efstathia Giannakopoulou ◽

Fotios Konstantinou ◽

Georgia Ragia ◽

Zisis Gerontitis ◽

Anna Tavridou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Genotype Frequency ◽

Potential Association ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Caucasian Origin ◽

Artery Disease ◽

Cabg Patients

Abstract Background Cystathionine γ-lyase enzyme, which is encoded by the CTH gene, is responsible for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production in the endothelium. The CTH 1364 G>T polymorphism may alter the CTH expression and H2S bioavailability, thus leading to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined the potential association of the CTH 1364 G>T polymorphism with CAD. Methods The CTH 1364 G>T polymorphism was determined in 178 coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients and 156 non-atherosclerotic controls of Greek Caucasian origin using the PCR–RFLP method. Results No significant difference in the frequency of the CTH 1364 G>T genotypes (p = 0.281) and alleles (p = 0.265) was found between the CABG patients and controls. After conducting stratification according to sex, analysis showed a numerical difference in the CTH 1364 TT genotype frequency in female participants that did not reach statistical significance (16.3% and 8.5% in the CABG and controls, respectively, p = 0.26). The frequency of the CTH 1364 TT genotype between the male CABG patients and controls did not differ (p = 0.507). Conclusions The CTH 1364 G>T polymorphism was not associated with CAD in the studied population. However, interestingly, a higher – if not significantly so – CTH 1364 TT genotype frequency was present in female CABG patients compared with female controls. Larger studies are necessary to conclude on the potential overall or gender-driven association between CTH 1364 G>T gene polymorphism and CAD.

Download Full-text