Assessment Of Venous Function After Major Gynecological Surgery With Heparin-Dihydroergotamine In The Prophylaxis Of DVT

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kunz ◽  
O M Burth ◽  
E Zimmerer
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Haemodynamic Effect ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Venous Function ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Dihydroergotamine (DHE) has been shown to have synergistic effects with heparin in the prophylaxis of DVT. To assess the hemodynamic efficacy of DHE in clinical conditions, 72 patients undergoing hysterectomy were randomly allocated to three groups receiving heparin/DHE, heparin or acenocoumarol. Venous function was measured by occlusion plethysmography and doppler ultrasonography. Diagnosis of DVT by 125-I-fibrinogen test.Results: Doppler Ultrasonography: The velocity of venous flow in the left V. femoralis was lower than at the right side in all groups before hysterectomy. After surgery, a significant increase from 11.2 to 15.5 cm/sec in the heparin/DHE group could be demonstrated. Heparin and acenocoumarol patients showed a tendency to lower venous return. The differences were more marked in women with vaginal hysterectomy.Occlusion plethysmography: No differences in venous capacity before and after operation could be found in the heparin and acenocoumarol group. A significant reduction (16%) was measured in heparin/DHE treated patients. The maximal venous outflow also was significantly reduced in this group (18%). This difference also was found in patients with varicose veins.Conclusions: The data confirm that DHE increases the velocity of venous blood flow in the legs by constricting the capacitance vessels. This haemodynamic effect could be demonstrated in clinical conditions.

Effects of a fatiguing run in popliteal vein flow using sports compression socks

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 967-978
Author(s):  
FJ Oficial-Casado ◽  
I Aparicio ◽  
I Julian-Rochina ◽  
M Blanes ◽  
P Perez-Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Popliteal Vein ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
High Compression ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Trained Runners

Introduction Although the use of sports compression socks is becoming more popular, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the helpfulness of these garments for physical movement or sports use. One of the main effects attributed to the use of compression sock is the facilitation of venous blood flow return which is thought to improve performance and recovery. Methodology In this study, 10 trained runners performed 2 treadmill running tests for 30 min to 75% of their maximum aerobic speed, without sports socks (control) and with different sports compression socks. We measured popliteal vein flow volume before and after each test using magnetic resonance imaging. Results and discussion No differences were observed between the conditions before the test ( p > 0.05), but there were differences between the high compression socks condition and the control after the test ( p < 0.05). Exercise increased the venous flow in both legs in the control ( p < 0.001) as well as in the right leg with the high compression sock type ( p < 0.01) but there were no differences in the behaviour of the different sock compression levels ( p > 0.05). Conclusion The use of sports compression socks with different levels of compression does not increase the volume of venous blood return via the popliteal vein in trained athletes after running for 30 min.

scholarly journals Analysis of menstrual and reproductive function in women with infertility and varicose gonadic veins

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-665
Author(s):  
O.V. Astakhova ◽  
O.B. Malinina ◽  
A.M. Grigorenko
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Significant Percentage

The problem of reproductive health in Ukraine over the last decade has become very important. The greatest clinical interest is infertility, which is accompanied by a violation of the ovulatory function of the ovaries due to hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian failure. Sustained anovulation for a long time, as well as the lack of adequate correction of menstrual disorders, lead to the development of endocrine-dependent gynecological diseases, the manifestation of which is primary or secondary infertility. Increased flow of venous blood through the ovarian veins is accompanied by phlebostasis and phlebohypertension in the venous sector of the internal genital organs. Increasing the viscosity and rheological properties of blood that occurs at the same time leads to a deterioration of transcapillary metabolism and transport of oxygen to tissues. In the ischemic ovary, degenerative changes in the follicular apparatus, yellow bodies, followed by spreading to all the ovarian structural elements, which leads to its atrophy and reduced functional properties. Considering the importance of venous blood flow in the development of hormonal imbalance as a result of a violation of the endocrine function of the ovaries, the purpose of our study was to assess the menstrual and reproductive function of infertile women against the background of varicose veins. The reproductive function of women with infertility and varicose changes in ovarian veins is represented by a significant percentage of unauthorized miscarriages (41.9%) in the period of pregnancy after 6 weeks (30.6%). In patients with varicose veins in the ovaries, there was a tendency to increase the duration of infertility compared with patients without varicose dilatation of ovarian veins, which may indirectly indicate more significant functional and structural changes in the reproductive organs. In women, both the primary and the comparator groups are predominantly the late and early menarche, but the rates in groups differ slightly in their direction in women with infertility and varicose veins in the ovaries, although they do not reach statistically significant values. The menstrual function of women in the main group is characterized by a regular menstrual cycle (77.5%), regular duration (43.6%) with excessive blood loss during menstruation (54.8%) and a duration of more than 6 days (50.1%) with acyclic uterine bleeding (37.1%), dysmenorrhea (56.4%) and premenstrual disorders (51.6%), which significantly impairs the quality of life of women. At the same time, the violation of the menstrual cycle in the form of its shortening of 16,1% and acyclic uterine bleeding — 6,5%, was gradually increasing with age and was statistically significant against women from the comparison group. Conclusion in the analysis of clinical characteristics, the more significant percentage of changes in the menstrual cycle, reproductive function in women with functional infertility and varicose veins of the ovary compared with patients with infertility without structural changes in ovarian veins indicates the significant importance of venous hemodynamics in the functional properties of the ovary.

scholarly journals Effect of spontaneous breathing on umbilical venous blood flow and placental transfusion during delayed cord clamping in preterm lambs

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Brouwer ◽  
Arjan B te Pas ◽  
Graeme R Polglase ◽  
Erin V McGillick ◽  
Stefan Böhringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Delayed Cord Clamping ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Cord Clamping ◽  
Pregnant Sheep

IntroductionDuring delayed umbilical cord clamping, the factors underpinning placental transfusion remain unknown. We hypothesised that reductions in thoracic pressure during inspiration would enhance placental transfusion in spontaneously breathing preterm lambs.ObjectiveInvestigate the effect of spontaneous breathing on umbilical venous flow and body weight in preterm lambs.MethodsPregnant sheep were instrumented at 132–133 days gestational age to measure fetal common umbilical venous, pulmonary and cerebral blood flows as well as arterial and intrapleural (IP) pressures. At delivery, doxapram and caffeine were administered to promote breathing. Lamb body weights were measured continuously and breathing was assessed by IP pressure changes.ResultsIn 6 lambs, 491 out of 1117 breaths were analysed for change in body weight. Weight increased in 46.6% and decreased in 47.5% of breaths. An overall mean increase of 0.02±2.5 g per breath was calculated, and no net placental transfusion was observed prior to cord clamping (median difference in body weight 52.3 [−54.9–166.1] g, p=0.418). Umbilical venous (UV) flow transiently decreased with each inspiration, and in some cases ceased, before UV flow normalised during expiration. The reduction in UV flow was positively correlated with the standardised reduction in (IP) pressure, increasing by 109 mL/min for every SD reduction in IP pressure. Thus, the reduction in UV flow was closely related to inspiratory depth.ConclusionsSpontaneous breathing had no net effect on body weight in preterm lambs at birth. UV blood flow decreased as inspiratory effort increased, possibly due to constriction of the inferior vena cava caused by diaphragmatic contraction, as previously observed in human fetuses.

Midline skull tumors

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (S1) ◽  
pp. S44-S45
Author(s):  
M Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Rare Case ◽  
Venous Return ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Skull Tumors ◽  
Visual Blurring

Introduction: Variety of tumors could involve the skull; however, very few may occur over the midline. Some may affect venous blood flow of superior sagittal sinus. Few challenging cases are presented Material: 1-Rare case of osteoblastoma over the torcula, (headache, visual symptoms, papilledema, VI nerve palsy). 2- Rare case of metastatic liposarcoma involving midsagital sinus, partially occluding it (headache and visual blurring). 3- A huge atypical (grade2) meningioma over the vertex Method: Case #1, the tumor over the venous confluences (torcula) was removed easily, without any complications. Complete resolution of symptoms Case #2, complete en-block resection of tumor, with sacrifice of mid-sagittal portion of sinus, without any neurological sequellae. Case #3, subtotal resection, followed by radiotherapy.Discussion &Conclusion: Anterior 3rd of sagital sinus could be sacrificed (if necessary), without major consequences. However, whenever mid or posterior portion of the sinus is involved, interruption of venous flow could pose very serious complications. Occasionally, chronic compression of sinus may force increasing collateral venous return, in which case one may attempt a complete resection of the lesion, with sacrifice of part of the sinus, as in our second case. In the region of torcula, however, one should be very careful not to damage it

scholarly journals Venous Doppler in the Evaluation of Fetal Hydrops

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hofstaetter ◽  
S. Gudmundsson
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Sonography ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Ductus Venosus ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Fetal Hydrops ◽  
Routine Work ◽  
The Right ◽  
Work Up

Objective. To examine venous blood flow velocity in different types of fetal hydrops and its value in the prediction of outcome of pregnancies.Methods. Venous Doppler sonography was performed in 100 hydropic fetuses from 15 to 37 weeks of gestation. Blood velocity was recorded in the right hepatic vein (HV), the ductus venosus (DV) and in the intra-abdominal part of the umbilical vein (UV). Blood velocity indices were calculated and pulsations in the umbilical vein noted and grouped into a single, double or triple flow pattern. Blood velocity was related to cause of hydrops.Results. Mortality was noted in 51 cases of which 19 were by termination of pregnancy. Mortality in the 30 with normal venous blood velocity was 35%, but 58% in cases of abnormal Doppler. Abnormal HV and DV blood velocities were recorded in 39 and 34 cases, respectively and were strongly related to mortality ( and , resp.). UV pulsations were noted in 49 fetuses and were significantly related to mortality (). Mortality and abnormal venous velocities were most frequent in the low-output hydrops group (79% and 75%, resp.).Conclusions. Abnormal venous blood velocity is related to mortality in pregnancies complicated by fetal hydrops. Venous Doppler sonography should be a part of the routine work-up of pregnancies complicated by fetal hydrops.

OVARIAN VENOUS BLOOD FLOW IN NON-PREGNANT AND PREGNANT RATS

1977 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. BRUCE ◽  
S. B. DIMMITT
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Radioactive Microspheres ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Right

SUMMARY A modified venous outflow technique was used to measure ovarian blood flow in the rat. The rate of flow through the right ovary was 0·198 ± 0·009 (s.e.m.), 0·476 ± 0·076 and 0·958 ± 0·162 ml/min in six Day 0 (dioestrous), five Day 16 and six Day 22 pregnant rats respectively. The intravenous administration of 50 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin increased ovarian blood flow by 26 ± 4, 57 ± 19 and 46 ± 9% respectively, from 2 to 8 min after the injection. The present ovarian venous outflow results are substantially higher than those previously reported in the rat but agree with values determined with radioactive microspheres.

Do we still need compression bandages? Haemodynamic effects of compression stockings and bandages

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Partsch
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Haemodynamic Effects ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Elastic Compression ◽  
Compression Bandages ◽  
Interface Pressures ◽  
Pumping Function

Objective: To compare haemodynamic data obtained with elastic compression stockings and inelastic compression material applied with different pressure ranges on the lower extremities. Methods: Haemodynamic effects of compression therapy were demonstrated by measuring venous flow velocity, venous volume, venous reflux and venous pumping function using radioisotopes, phlebography, water displacement volumetry, duplex, air plethysmography, foot volumetry and phlebodynamometry. Results: Light-compression stockings are able to increase venous blood flow velocity in the supine position and to prevent leg swelling after prolonged sitting and standing. In the upright position an interface pressure of more than 50 mmHg is needed for an intermittent occlusion of incompetent veins and for a reduction of ambulatory venous hypertension during walking. Such high interface pressures may rather be achieved by short-stretch, multilayer bandages than by an elastic stocking. Conclusion: Elastic compression stockings exerting interface pressures up to 40 mmHg are effective in preventing or reducing oedema. Multilayer compression bandages with a pressure over 40 mmHg additionally improve severely disturbed venous pumping function.

scholarly journals КОМПРЕСІЙНА АСФІКСІЯ

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (11(41)) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Хоботова Наталія Володимирівна ◽  
Єхалов Василій Вталійович
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Septic Complications ◽  
The Face

Compression asphyxia is a type of mechanical asphyxia when breathing stops with external pressure on the body, which leads to the absence of respiratory movements and disrupts venous return from the head. With a strong compression of the chest, a reflex spasm of the glottis occurs, which contributes to an increase in intrathoracic pressure, reverse venous blood flow and an obstruction of venous flow to the heart occur. A sharp increase in intracranial pressure and venous congestive congestion / hemorrhage deepen central respiratory failure. Mild degree: mental agitation; puffy face, slight cyanosis; individual conjunctival petechiae; tachypnea. Medium degree: light or heavy stunning, lost orientation; the face is puffy, cyanotic; swelling of the cervical veins, acrocyanosis; multiple petechiae that spread across the face, neck, conjunctiva of the eyes, inspiratory dyspnea, visual impairment. Severe degree: stupor or coma, sharp cyanosis of the whole body, exophthalmos; swelling of the face, neck and shoulder girdle, arms, multiple petechiae of the face, neck, arms, legs, conjunctiva of the eyes, swelling of the cervical veins, cyanosis and edema of the upper half of the body; superficial breathing, frequent, in the absence of treatment passes to agonal and apnea. Intensive care includes analgesia, oxygenation or mechanical ventilation, anticonvulsant, dehydration and decongestant therapy, prevention of acute kidney damage, DIC, septic complications, and treatment of posthypoxic encephalopathy.

scholarly journals Arterio-Venous Branchial Blood Flow in the Atlantic Cod Gadus Morhua

1992 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
LENA SUNDIN ◽  
STEFAN NILSSON
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
Vasomotor Function

We have estimated the branchial venous blood flow in the Atlantic cod by direct single-crystal Doppler blood flow measurements in vivo. In the undisturbed animal, this flow amounts to 1.7 ml min−1 kg−1, which corresponds to about 8 % of the cardiac output. Studies of both an isolated perfused gill apparatus in situ and simultaneous measurements of cardiac output and branchial venous flow in vivo were made to assess the effects of some putative vasoregulatory substances. Adrenaline dilates the arterio-arterial pathway and constricts the arterio-venous pathway, thus decreasing branchial venous drainage. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), in contrast, produced marked vasoconstriction in the arterio-arterial pathway of the branchial vasculature, increasing the branchial venous blood flow. Cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8) and caerulein produced similar cardiovascular effects, with marked constriction of both arterio-arterial and arterio-venous pathways. The study demonstrates the ability of the vascular system of the gills to regulate the distribution of branchial blood flow, and summarizes the vasomotor effects of some substances with possible vasomotor function in the cod gills.

Determining an Appropriate To-Keep-Vein-Open (TKVO) Infusion Rate for Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Usage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Doyle ◽  
Lachlan Kelsey ◽  
Peter J. Carr ◽  
Andrew Bulmer ◽  
Samantha Keogh
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Infusion Rate ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Stasis ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Fluid Load ◽  
Peripheral Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

Highlights Abstract Background: Evidence to support an optimum continuous to-keep-vein-open (TKVO) infusion rate for peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) is lacking. The aim of this study was to simulate typical TKVO rates, in combination with flushing, to better understand TKVO in relation to PIVC patency. Methods: We simulated saline infusion through a 20-gauge PIVC in 2 forearm veins (3.3 and 2.2 mm) using computational fluid dynamics under various venous flow rates (velocities 3.7–22.1 cm/s), with a saline flush rate of 1 mL/s and TKVO infusion rates of 10, 20, and 40 mL/h. We determined TKVO efficacy using the stream of saline clearing the stasis region at the device tip and the shear stress acting on the vein. Results: At 10 mL/h TKVO rate, blood stasis occurs around the PIVC tip as saline is pulled into the faster-moving venous blood flow, creating the blood recirculation (stasis) zone at the device tip. When TKVO increases &gt;20 mL/h, this stasis diminishes, and the likelihood of patency increases. Shear stress on the vein is negligible during TKVO but increases 10- to 19-fold when flushing the small and large veins investigated here. Conclusions: Low TKVO rates (10 mL/h) may not clear the PIVC tip and keep the device patent. Based on our simulations, we propose a TKVO rate of at least 20 mL/h could be used in practice; however, 30–40 mL/h appears most effective across different venous flow rates and peripheral vein sizes. However, this additional fluid load must be carefully considered based on the needs of each patient.

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