HAEMODIALYSIS INDUCED HYPOXIA: A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF PROSTACYCLIN, METHYL PREDNISOLONE, ULTRAFILTRATION AND BICARBONATE DIALYSATE

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
N J Dodd ◽  
J H Turney ◽  
M J Weston
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Heparin Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Bolus Infusion ◽  
Methyl Prednisolone ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Is Value

In order to test certain hypotheses regarding the cause of arterial hypoxia during haemodialysis(HD),we investigated the effect of:- 1 Heparin bolus-infusion; or heparin plus:- 2.Prostacyclin ( PGI2 ) infusion ( 5ng/Kg/mi n );3. Methyl Prednisolone bolus(30mg/Kg) 30 minutes prior to dialysis; 4. Ultrafiltration for one hour followed by dialysis(UF/HD); 5.40mmo1/l Bicarbonate dialysate instead of standard acetate dialysate . Seven patients on long term HD were examined by all methods. Arterial blood samples were taken before,and at intervals during ,dialysis for blood gases, platelet count,and neutrophil count. All results are expressed as percentage of pre-dialys is value (means).Results fo r each group were tested fo r significance against the Heparin group(l.)using a paired t tes t . The only significant sparing of hypoxia occurred at 60 minutes during UF/HD.PGI2 spared platelets , as we have previously shown. Methyl Prednisolone failed to prevent dialysis induced neutropenia. The mechanism of haemodialysis induced hypoxia remains obscure

Blood gas changes during panting in a small East African antelope, the dik-dik

1978 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Maskrey ◽  
P. P. Hoppe ◽  
O. S. Bamford
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Climatic Chamber ◽  
East African ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood

Five adult male dik-dik (Madoqua kirkii) were exposed in a climatic chamber to an air temperature of 45 degrees C. Measurements were made of rectal temperature (Tre) and respiratory frequency (f) and arterial blood samples taken before and during heat exposure were analyzed for pH, PCO2 and PO2. During exposure, Tre and f increased in all animals. In the first 80 min dik-dik displayed thermal tachypnea and minor changes in blood gases. Continued exposure lead to hyperpnea accompanied by a fall in PaCO2 and a rise in pH. PaCO2 at first fell and then increased toward or above control levels. The dik-dik did not display second phase breathing. This observation confirms that second phase breathing is not essential to the development of respiratory alkalosis. The main conclusion of the study is that the dik-dik, unlike another heat-adapted antelope, the wildebeest (Taylor, Robertshaw, and Hoffmann. Am. J. Physiol. 217:907–910, 1969), is unable to resist alkalosis during heat stress.

Successful Treatment of Experimental Neonatal Respiratory Failure Using Extracorporeal Membrane Lung Assist

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fumagalli ◽  
T. Kolobow ◽  
P. Arosio ◽  
V. Chen ◽  
D.K. Buckhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Membrane Lung ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Long Term Survivors

A total of 44 preterm fetal lambs at great risk of developing respiratory failure were delivered by Cesarean section, and were then managed on conventional mechanical pulmonary ventilation. Fifteen animals initially fared well, and 14 of these were long term survivors. Twenty-nine other lambs showed a progressive deterioration in arterial blood gases within 30 minutes of delivery, of which 10 lambs were continued on mechanical pulmonary ventilation (20% survival), while the remaining 19 lambs were placed on an extracorporeal membrane lung respiratory assist (79% survival). Extracorporeal membrane lung bypass rapidly corrected arterial blood gas values, and permitted the use of high levels of CPAP instead of the continuation of mechanical pulmonary ventilation at high peak airway pressures. Improvement in lung function was gradual, and predictable. Early institution of extracorporeal respiratory assist using a membrane artificial lung rapidly corrected arterial blood gas values and significantly improved on neonate survival.

Arterial blood gases in conscious rats exposed to hypoxia, hypercapnia, or both

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Pepelko ◽  
G. A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Control Period ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Breathing Control ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Caudal Artery

Adult male rats were anesthetized and catheters were implanted in the caudal artery. Soon after recovery from short-lasting anesthesia, a total of 20 groups of six each were individually exposed to five different oxygen levels varying from 21.0 to 9.0% combined with four CO2 levels ranging from 0 to 12.9% at a mean barometric pressure of 744 Torr. Arterial blood samples were collected and analyzed for pH, Po2, and Pco2 before and near the end of 20-min exposures. During an air-breathing control period, pH averaged 7.466 plus or minus 0.020 SD, Paco2 41.2 plus or minus 1.9 Torr and Pao2 91.8 plus or minus 3.5 Torr. During hypoxia, Pao2 levels were similar to that of acutely hypoxic humans. Rats apparently differ from man in that blood buffering is greater, resulting in a higher pH during air breathing and a smaller [H-+] increase with increasing Paco2. Differences between arterial and inspired CO2 were about 10 Torr at 60 and 90 Torr Plco2 and were not influenced by Plo2.

Arterial blood gases of the domestic hen

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Chiodi ◽  
James W. Terman
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Dissociation Curve ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Right ◽  
Domestic Hen

Individual blood samples were collected anaerobically from the brachial arteries of adult White Rock hens and were analyzed for Po2, Pco2, pH, oxygen content and capacity, and CO2 content and capacity. A dissociation curve was constructed from data on equilibration of pooled venous blood. The average arterial oxygen saturation was 90%, the Pco2 was about 32 mm Hg, the Po2 was between 94 and 99 mm Hg, and the pH averaged 7.49. The dissociation curve, as has been shown before, was shifted to the right of most homeothermic species.

scholarly journals Arterial blood gases predict long-term prognosis in stage I non-small cell lung cancer patients

BMC Surgery ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinjiro Mizuguchi ◽  
Takashi Iwata ◽  
Nobuhiro Izumi ◽  
Takuma Tsukioka ◽  
Shoji Hanada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Long Term Prognosis

scholarly journals Effects of Elemental Mercury Vapor Inhalation on Arterial Blood Gases, Lung Histology, and Interleukine-1 Expression in Pulmonary Tissues of Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqaa A. Raffee ◽  
Khaled Z. Alawneh ◽  
Ruba A. Alassaf ◽  
Abdallah Alzoubi ◽  
Musa A. Alshehabat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Lung Histology ◽  
Elemental Mercury Vapor

Abstract We investigated the effects of elemental mercury vapor inhalation on arterial blood gases (ABG's), lung histology, and interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression in pulmonary tissues in rats. A total of 42 Sprague-Dowley rats were divided randomly into three groups. Rats in the first group were used as control (CG). A Short-Term Group (STG) and Long-Term Group (LTG) were exposed to 7.3 µl of elemental mercury vapor for 21 days and 65 days, respectively. After exposure periods were completed, arterial blood samples were obtained, and ABG’s were measured. Lung tissue sections were prepared for histology evaluation and immune-stained to detect IL-1 expression. There was a significant decrease in body weight in both STG (15%) and LTG (22%) compared to the CG. In the LTG, six rats died (43%), while none of the rats in the STG died during the experiment. In both STG and LTG, a significant acid-base imbalance was characterized by a significant decrease in blood PH values and a significant increase in PCO2 values. Both PO2 and SpO2 blood values were significantly decreased in the STG and LTG, while no changes were observed in HCO3 values in all groups. Histological evaluation of lung tissues revealed severe lesions characterized by pulmonary emphysema and inflammatory cellular infiltrate. IL-1 expression in lung tissue was not significantly different between exposed rats and control subjects. These results indicate significant alterations in blood acid-base status characterized by severe respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia and no evidence of compensatory alkalosis in rats after short and long-term elementary mercury vapor exposure.

Cardiovascular and hormonal responses to swimming and running in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Geenen ◽  
P. Buttrick ◽  
J. Scheuer
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Myocardial Tissue ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Arterial Lactate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Left And Right

Hemodynamic and hormonal responses were studied during swimming (SW) and running (R) and in cage-confined (C) female Wistar rats at base line and 4 and 8 wk of training. Myocardial tissue levels of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) were also measured at the end of 8 wk of training. Mean arterial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and blood samples for arterial lactate, plasma NE and EPI, and blood gases were obtained at rest and at 20, 40, and 60 min of exercise. After 4 wk of SW, a resting bradycardia was observed, and HR response for the remaining 4 wk was attenuated with SW compared with HR during R. BP and blood gases remained unchanged between the two groups. R resulted in increased arterial lactate concentrations compared with C and SW at base line but was not different from SW at 4 wk. SW elicited higher plasma levels of NE and EPI compared with C at base line and C and R at 4 wk. Myocardial tissue NE and EPI concentrations were markedly increased in both the left and right ventricle of the SW group compared with both R and C. These results indicate that BP and blood gases are not different between chronic R and SW and suggest a possible sympathoadrenal role in the differences observed in cardiac adaptations between R and SW.

Effect of chronic resistive loading on hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 500-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harly E. Greenberg ◽  
Rammohan S. Rao ◽  
Anthony L. Sica ◽  
Steven M. Scharf
Keyword(s):  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Ventilatory Control ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Ventilatory Pattern ◽  
Resistive Loading ◽  
Ventilatory Response To Hypoxia

Greenberg, Harly E., Rammohan S. Rao, Anthony L. Sica, and Steven M. Scharf. Effect of chronic resistive loading on hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 500–507, 1997.—Depression of ventilation mediated by endogenous opioids has been observed acutely after resistive airway loading. We evaluated the effects of chronically increased airway resistance on hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness shortly after load imposition and 6 wk later. A circumferential tracheal band was placed in 200-g rats, tripling tracheal resistance. Sham surgery was performed in controls. Ventilation and the ventilatory response to hypoxia were measured by using barometric plethysmography at 2 days and 6 wk postsurgery in unanesthetized rats during exposure to room air and to 12% O2-5% CO2-balance N2. Trials were performed with and without naloxone (1 mg/kg ip). Room air arterial blood gases demonstrated hypercapnia with normoxia in obstructed rats at 2 days and 6 wk postsurgery. During hypoxia, a 30-Torr fall in[Formula: see text] occurred with no change in[Formula: see text]. Hypoxic ventilatory responsiveness was suppressed in obstructed rats at 2 days postloading. Naloxone partially reversed this suppression. However, hypoxic responsiveness at 6 wk was not different from control levels. Naloxone had a small effect on ventilatory pattern at this time with no overall effect on hypoxic responsiveness. This was in contrast to previously demonstrated long-term suppression of CO2 sensitivity in this model, which was partially reversible by naloxone only during the immediate period after load imposition. Endogenous opioids apparently modulate ventilatory control acutely after load imposition. Their effect wanes with time despite persistence of depressed CO2 sensitivity.

scholarly journals Effect of Sample Storage Temperature and Time Delay on Blood Gases, Bicarbonate and pH in Human Arterial Blood Samples

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Mohammadhoseini ◽  
Enayat Safavi ◽  
Sepideh Seifi ◽  
Soroush Seifirad ◽  
Shahram Firoozbakhsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Arterial Blood

scholarly journals Effects of Elemental Mercury Vapor Inhalation on Arterial Blood Gases, Lung Histology, and Interleukin-1 Expression in Pulmonary Tissues of Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Liqaa A. Raffee ◽  
Khaled Z. Alawneh ◽  
Ruba A. Alassaf ◽  
Abdallah Alzoubi ◽  
Musa A. Alshehabat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Arterial Blood Gases ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Lung Histology ◽  
Elemental Mercury Vapor

We investigated the effects of elemental mercury vapor inhalation on arterial blood gases (ABGs), lung histology, and interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression in pulmonary tissues in rats. A total of 42 Sprague Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups. Rats in the first group were used as the control (CG). A short-term group (STG) and a long-term group (LTG) were exposed to 500 μg/m3 of mercury vapor 2 hrs/day for 21 days and 65 days, respectively. After exposure periods were completed, arterial blood samples were obtained, and ABGs were measured. Lung tissue sections were prepared for histology evaluation and immune-stained to detect IL-1 expression. There was a significant decrease in body weight in both STG (15%) and LTG (22%) compared with the CG. In the LTG, six out of 14 (43%) rats died, including two males and four females, while none of the rats in the STG died during the experiment. In both STG and LTG, a significant acid-base imbalance was characterized by a significant decrease in blood pH values and a significant increase in PCO2 values. Both PO2 and SpO2 blood values were significantly decreased in the STG and LTG, while no changes were observed in HCO3 values in all groups. Histological evaluation of lung tissues revealed severe lesions characterized by pulmonary emphysema and inflammatory cellular infiltrate. IL-1 expression in lung tissues was not significantly different between exposed rats and control subjects. These results indicate significant alterations in blood acid-base status characterized by severe respiratory acidosis with hypoxemia and no evidence of compensatory alkalosis in rats after exposure to short- and long-term elementary mercury vapor.

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