Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase Interacting Protein (NOSIP) is Decreased in the Pulmonary Vasculature of Nitrofen-Induced Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (01) ◽  
pp. 102-107
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nakamura ◽  
Julia Zimmer ◽  
Florian Friedmacher ◽  
Prem Puri
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
No Production ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

Introduction Persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). PPH is characterized by increased vascular resistance and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, leading to obstructive changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Nitric oxide (NO), generated by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), is an important regulator of vascular tone and plays a key role in pulmonary vasodilatation. NO synthase interacting protein (NOSIP), which is strongly expressed by pulmonary SMCs, has recently been identified to reduce the endogenous NO production by interacting with eNOS. We designed this study to investigate the pulmonary vascular expression of NOSIP in the nitrofen-induced CDH model. Materials and Methods Time-mated Sprague Dawley rats received nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetuses were sacrificed on D21 and lung specimens divided into CDH and control (n = 6 for each group). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to analyze pulmonary gene and protein expression of NOSIP. Immunofluorescence double staining for NOSIP was combined with a specific SMC marker to evaluate protein expression in the pulmonary vasculature. Results Relative messenger ribonucleic acid and protein expression of NOSIP was significantly decreased in nitrofen-exposed CDH lungs compared with controls. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed markedly diminished NOSIP immunofluorescence in nitrofen-exposed CDH lungs compared with controls, mainly in the muscular and endothelial components of the pulmonary vasculature. Conclusion This study demonstrates for the first time decreased NOSIP expression in the pulmonary vasculature of the nitrofen-induced CDH. These findings suggest that NOSIP underexpression may interfere with NO production, contributing to abnormal vascular remodeling and PPH.

Downregulated Elastin Microfibril Interfacer 1 Expression in the Pulmonary Vasculature of Experimental Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Zimmer ◽  
Toshiaki Takahashi ◽  
Alejandro Hofmann ◽  
Prem Puri
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Vasculature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tgfβ Signaling ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression

Aim Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe complication of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling is suggested to be involved in PH development by regulating embryonic angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Altered TGFβ signaling has been demonstrated in experimental CDH lungs. Elastin microfibril interfacer 1 (Emilin-1) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein expressed in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells and known to regulate TGFβ processing and arterial diameter. We designed this study to investigate the pulmonary vascular expression of Emilin-1 in nitrofen-induced CDH rats. Materials and Methods Following ethical approval (REC913b, REC1103), time-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats received nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetuses were sacrificed on D21 and divided into CDH group and control group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (n = 11 each group), Western blot analysis, and confocal microscopy were used to determine the gene and protein expression of Emilin-1. Main Results Relative Emilin-1 messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid) levels were significantly downregulated in CDH lung tissue compared with controls (CDH: 0.043 ± 0.003; control: 0.067 ± 0.004; p < 0.001). Western blotting confirmed the decreased pulmonary Emilin-1 protein expression in CDH lungs. Confocal microscopy demonstrated a markedly diminished expression of Emilin-1 in the CDH pulmonary vasculature compared with controls. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study demonstrates for the first time a decreased Emilin-1 gene and protein expression in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced CDH. Emilin-1 deficiency through its interaction with TGFß may result in abnormal vascular remodeling resulting in PH in this model.

Sex differences in renal injury and nitric oxide production in renal wrap hypertension

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. H43-H47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Ji ◽  
Carlo Pesce ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
James Kim ◽  
Yinghua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
No Production ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Renal Disease Progression

To investigate the faster rate of renal disease progression in men compared with women, we addressed the following questions in the renal wrap (RW) model of hypertension: 1) Do sex differences exist in RW-induced renal injury, which are independent of sex differences in blood pressure? 2) Do sex differences in nitric oxide (NO) production exist in RW hypertension? Male (M) and female (F) rats underwent sham-operated (M-Sham, n = 7; F-Sham, n = 10) or RW (M-RW, n = 13; F-RW, n = 14) surgery for 9 wk. Markers of renal injury, including the glomerulosclerosis index (F-RW, 0.70 ± 0.1 vs. M-RW, 2.2 ± 0.6; P < 0.05), mean glomerular volume (F-RW, 1.05 ± 0.050 × 106 vs. M-RW, 1.78 ± 0.15 × 106 μm3; P < 0.001), and proteinuria (F-RW, 68.7 ± 15 vs. M-RW, 124 ± 7.7 mg/day; P < 0.001) were greater in RW males compared with RW females. Endothelial NO synthase protein expression was elevated in the renal cortex (3.2-fold) and medulla (2.2-fold) 9 wk after RW in males, whereas no differences were observed in females. Neuronal NO synthase protein expression was unchanged in the renal cortex in males and in both the renal cortex and medulla in females, whereas in the male medulla, neuronal NOS was decreased by 57%. These data suggest the degree of renal injury is greater in male compared with female rats in RW hypertension despite similar degrees of hypertension and renal function and may involve sex differences in renal NO metabolism.

scholarly journals Decreased exhaled nitric oxide as a marker of postinsult immune paralysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1188-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habiba L. Attalah ◽  
Stéphanie Honoré ◽  
Saadia Eddahibi ◽  
Elisabeth Marcos ◽  
Claude-James Soussy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Alveolar Macrophages ◽  
Neutrophil Migration ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
No Production ◽  
Bacterial Killing ◽  
Exhaled No ◽  
Immune Paralysis

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates neutrophil migration and alveolar macrophage functions such as cytokine synthesis and bacterial killing, both of which are impaired in immune paralysis associated with critical illness. The aim of this study was to determine whether NO is involved in immune paralysis and whether exhaled NO measurement could help to monitor pulmonary defenses. NO production (protein expression, enzyme activity, end products, and exhaled NO measurements) was assessed in rats after cecal ligation and puncture to induce a mild peritonitis (leading to ∼20% mortality rate). An early and sustained decrease in exhaled NO was found after peritonitis (from 1 to 72 h) compared with healthy rats [median (25th–75th percentile), 1.5 parts per billion (ppb) (1.2–1.7) vs. 4.0 ppb (3.6–4.3), P < 0.05], despite increased NO synthase-2 and unchanged NO synthase-3 protein expression in lung tissue. NO synthase-2 activity was decreased in lung tissue. Nitrites and nitrates in supernatants of isolated alveolar macrophages decreased after peritonitis compared with healthy rats, and an inhibitory experiment suggested arginase overactivity in alveolar macrophages bypassing the NO substrate. Administration of the NO synthase-2 inhibitor aminoguanidine to healthy animals reproduced the decreased neutrophil migration toward alveolar spaces that was observed after peritonitis, but l-arginine administration after peritonitis failed to correct the defect of neutrophil emigration despite increasing exhaled NO compared with d-arginine administration [4.8 (3.9–5.7) vs. 1.6 (1.3–1.7) ppb, respectively, P < 0.05]. In conclusion, the decrease in exhaled NO observed after mild peritonitis could serve as a marker for lung immunodepression.

scholarly journals Fasting-induced intestinal apoptosis is mediated by inducible nitric oxide synthase and interferon-γ in rat

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (6) ◽  
pp. G916-G926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junta Ito ◽  
Hiroyuki Uchida ◽  
Takayuki Yokote ◽  
Kazuo Ohtake ◽  
Jun Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
No Production ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Nitrite Production ◽  
Ifn Γ

Nitric oxide (NO) is associated with intestinal apoptosis in health and disease. This study aimed to investigate the role of intestinal NO in the regulation of apoptosis during fasting in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups and subcutaneously injected with saline (SA) or aminoguanidine (AG), followed by fasting for 24, 48, 60, and 72 h. At each time point, the jejunum was subjected to histological evaluation for enterocyte apoptosis by histomorphometric assessment and TUNEL analysis. We performed immunohistochemistry for inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in the jejunum and measured tissue nitrite levels using HPLC and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine adduct using ELISA, indicative of endogenous NO production and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, respectively. Jejunal transcriptional levels of iNOS, neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were also determined by RT-PCR. Fasting caused significant jejunal mucosal atrophy due to attenuated cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis with increase in iNOS transcription, its protein expression in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC), and jejunal nitrite levels. However, AG treatment histologically reduced apoptosis with inhibition of fasting-induced iNOS transcription, protein expression, and nitrite production. We also observed fasting-induced ROS production and subsequent IFN-γ transcription, which were all inhibited by AG treatment. Furthermore, we observed reduced transcriptional levels of nNOS, known to suppress iNOS activation physiologically. These results suggest that fasting-induced iNOS activation in IEC may induce apoptosis mediators such as IFN-γ via a ROS-mediated mechanism and also a possible role of nNOS in the regulation of iNOS activity in fasting-induced apoptosis.

scholarly journals Cord blood-derived endothelial colony-forming cell function is disrupted in congenital diaphragmatic hernia

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (11) ◽  
pp. L1143-L1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideshi Fujinaga ◽  
Hiroko Fujinaga ◽  
Nobuyuki Watanabe ◽  
Tomoko Kato ◽  
Moe Tamano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
No Production

Vascular growth is necessary for normal lung development. Although endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in vascularization, little is known about EPC function in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), a severe neonatal condition that is associated with pulmonary hypoplasia. We hypothesized that the function of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a type of EPC, is impaired in CDH. Cord blood (CB) was collected from full-term CDH patients and healthy controls. We assessed CB progenitor cell populations as well as plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF1α) levels. CB ECFC clonogenicity; growth kinetics; migration; production of VEGF, SDF1α, and nitric oxide (NO); vasculogenic capacity; and mRNA expression of VEGF-A, fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 (FLT1), kinase insert domain receptor (KDR), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) 1–3, SDF1, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) were also assessed. Compared with controls, CB ECFCs were decreased in CDH. CDH ECFCs had reduced potential for self-renewal, clonogenicity, proliferation, and migration. Their capacity for NO production was enhanced but their response to VEGF was blunted in CDH ECFCs. In vivo potential for de novo vasculogenesis was reduced in CDH ECFCs. There was no difference in CB plasma VEGF and SDF1α concentrations, VEGF and SDF1α production by ECFCs, and ECFC mRNA expression of VEGF-A, FLT1, KDR, NOS1-3, SDF1, and CXCR4 between CDH and control subjects. In conclusion, CB ECFC function is disrupted in CDH, but these changes may be caused by mechanisms other than alteration of VEGF-NO and SDF1-CXCR4 signaling.

Decrease in ambient [Cl-] stimulates nitric oxide release from cultured rat mesangial cells

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. F190-F195 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tsukahara ◽  
Y. Krivenko ◽  
L. C. Moore ◽  
M. S. Goligorsky
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
Tubuloglomerular Feedback ◽  
No Production ◽  
Rapid Reduction ◽  
No Release

It has been hypothesized that fluctuations of the ionic composition in the interstitium of juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) modulate the function of extraglomerular mesangial cells (MC), thereby participating in tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) signal transmission. We examined the effects of isosmotic reductions in ambient sodium concentration ([Na+]) and [Cl-] on cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured rat MC. Rapid reduction of [Na+] or [Cl-] in the bath induced a concentration-dependent rise in [Ca2+]i. MC are much more sensitive to decreases in ambient [Cl-] than to [Na+]; a decrease in [Cl-] as small as 14 mM was sufficient to elicit a detectable [Ca2]i response. These observations suggest that MC can be readily stimulated by modest perturbations of extracellular [Cl-]. Next, we examined whether activation of MC by lowered ambient [Cl-] influences cellular nitric oxide (NO) production. Using an amperometric NO sensor, we found that a 13 mM decrease in ambient [Cl-] caused a rapid, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent rise in NO release from MC. This response was not inhibitable by dexamethasone, indicating the involvement of the constitutive rather than the inducible type of NO synthase in MC. In addition, the NO release was blunted by indomethacin pretreatment, suggesting that a metabolite(s) of cyclooxygenase regulates the activation of NO synthase in MC. Our findings that small perturbations in external [Cl-] stimulate MC to release NO, a highly diffusible and rapidly acting vasodilator, provide a possible mechanism to explain the transmission of the signal for the TGF response within the JGA.

Arginase inhibition increases nitric oxide production in bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. L60-L68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis G. Chicoine ◽  
Michael L. Paffett ◽  
Tamara L. Young ◽  
Leif D. Nelin
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
No Production ◽  
Urea Production ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Arterial Endothelial Cells ◽  
Regular Medium ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by NO synthase (NOS) from l-arginine (l-Arg). Alternatively, l-Arg can be metabolized by arginase to produce l-ornithine and urea. Arginase (AR) exists in two isoforms, ARI and ARII. We hypothesized that inhibiting AR with l-valine (l-Val) would increase NO production in bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (bPAEC). bPAEC were grown to confluence in either regular medium (EGM; control) or EGM with lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-α (L/T) added. Treatment of bPAEC with L/T resulted in greater ARI protein expression and ARII mRNA expression than in control bPAEC. Addition of l-Val to the medium led to a concentration-dependent decrease in urea production and a concentration-dependent increase in NO production in both control and L/T-treated bPAEC. In a second set of experiments, control and L/T bPAEC were grown in EGM, EGM with 30 mM l-Val, EGM with 10 mM l-Arg, or EGM with both 10 mM l-Arg and 30 mM l-Val. In both control and L/T bPAEC, treatment with l-Val decreased urea production and increased NO production. Treatment with l-Arg increased both urea and NO production. The addition of the combination l-Arg and l-Val decreased urea production compared with the addition of l-Arg alone and increased NO production compared with l-Val alone. These data suggest that competition for intracellular l-Arg by AR may be involved in the regulation of NOS activity in control bPAEC and in response to L/T treatment.

Functional difference between SP and NKA: relaxation of gastric muscle by SP is mediated by VIP and NO

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (4) ◽  
pp. G678-G685
Author(s):  
J. G. Jin ◽  
S. Misra ◽  
J. R. Grider ◽  
G. M. Makhlouf
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
No Synthase ◽  
No Production ◽  
Neurokinin A ◽  
Functional Difference ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Gastric Muscle ◽  
Guinea Pig Stomach ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

The mechanism of action of endogenous tachykinins [substance P (SP) and neurokinin A and B (NKA and NKB)] and of receptor-specific tachykinin analogues (SP methyl ester (SPME), [beta-Ala8]NKA-(4-10), and senktide) was examined in circular muscle of guinea pig stomach. Cross-desensitization studies confirmed that SPME and SP interacted with NK-1 receptors, [beta-Ala8]NKA-(4-10) and NKA with NK-2 receptors, and senktide and NKB with NK-3 receptors. NK-1 and NK-3-receptor agonists induced relaxation and stimulated vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) release and nitric oxide (NO) production: tetrodotoxin abolished VIP release, NO production, and relaxation, converting the response to NK-1-receptor agonists to contraction; the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) abolished NO production, partly inhibited VIP release (56-64%, P < 0.01), and abolished relaxation; the VIP antagonist VIP-(10-28) partly inhibited NO production (73-74%, P < 0.001) and relaxation (56-58%, P < 0.01); and atropine augmented relaxation by 28-35% (P < 0.01). The pattern of inhibition implied that: 1) relaxation was mediated by VIP and NO; 2) VIP release was partly dependent on NO production, since it was strongly inhibited by L-NNA; and 3) NO was largely produced by the action of VIP on muscle cells, since it was strongly inhibited by VIP-(10-28). NK-2-receptor agonists elicited only contraction that was not affected by tetrodotoxin; these agonists also inhibited VIP release, NO production, and relaxation induced by NK-1- and NK-3-receptor agonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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