The immunomodulatory property of leptin: Linking plasma leptin status with oxidative stress and inflammation marker in young females of divergent energy states.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Lackner ◽  
S Mörkl ◽  
H Mangge ◽  
S Zelzer ◽  
W Wonisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammation Marker ◽  
Immunomodulatory Property ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Energy States ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Obesity and Insulin Resistance: Associations with Chronic Inflammation, Genetic and Epigenetic Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amin Gasmi ◽  
Sadaf Noor ◽  
Alain Menzel ◽  
Alexandru Doşa ◽  
Lyudmila Pivina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Epigenetic Factors ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Background: Obesity is known to be a multifactorial disease. In its pathogenesis, different factors such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, genetic factors, environmental effects, vegetative disturbance, and unbalanced nutrition play a significant role. Methodology: This study describes the association of obesity and insulin resistance with chronic inflammation, genetic, and epigenetic factors. Previous literature has been reviewed to explain the relation of obesity with those factors involved in chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin. Results: Obesity is associated with a decrease in ghrelin secretion, elevated plasma leptin levels, oxidative stress, increased macrophage phagocytic activity, and the induction of pro-inflammatory synthesis of cytokines and interferon-gamma. Obesity is linked to decreased levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and impaired detoxification processes. Deficiency of vitamins and minerals can also play a significant role in the development of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in obesity. There is evidence of associations between a genetic predisposition to obesity in children with elevated levels of certain miRNAs. Conclusion: The purpose of the present review is an analysis of the multiple factors associated with obesity.

scholarly journals D-Tagatose Feeding Reduces the Risk of Sugar-Induced Exacerbation of Myocardial I/R Injury When Compared to Its Isomer Fructose

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariaconcetta Durante ◽  
Silvia Sgambellone ◽  
Laura Lucarini ◽  
Paola Failli ◽  
Annunziatina Laurino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Inflammation Marker ◽  
Altered Glucose ◽  
Body Weight Increase ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide ◽  
Low Calorie Sweetener

It is known that fructose may contribute to myocardial vulnerability to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. D-tagatose is a fructose isomer with less caloric value and used as low-calorie sweetener. Here we compared the metabolic impact of fructose or D-tagatose enriched diets on potential exacerbation of myocardial I/R injury. Wistar rats were randomizedly allocated in the experimental groups and fed with one of the following diets: control (CTRL), 30% fructose-enriched (FRU 30%) or 30% D-tagatose-enriched (TAG 30%). After 24 weeks of dietary manipulation, rats underwent myocardial injury caused by 30 min ligature of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery followed by 24 h′ reperfusion. Fructose consumption resulted in body weight increase (49%) as well as altered glucose, insulin and lipid profiles. These effects were associated with increased I/R-induced myocardial damage, oxidative stress (36.5%) and inflammation marker expression. TAG 30%-fed rats showed lower oxidative stress (21%) and inflammation in comparison with FRU-fed rats. Besides, TAG diet significantly reduced plasmatic inflammatory cytokines and GDF8 expression (50%), while increased myocardial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression (59%). Overall, we demonstrated that D-tagatose represents an interesting sugar alternative when compared to its isomer fructose with reduced deleterious impact not only on the metabolic profile but also on the related heart susceptibility to I/R injury.

scholarly journals Effects of Psychological and Physical Stress on Oxidative Stress, Serotonin, and Fatigue in Young Females Induced by Objective Structured Clinical Examination: Pilot Study of u-8-OHdG, u-5HT, and s-HHV-6

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117864692110484
Author(s):  
Tadayuki Iida ◽  
Yasuhiro Ito ◽  
Miho Kanazashi ◽  
Susumu Murayama ◽  
Takashi Miyake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examination ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Young Females

Background: To establish a method to prevent and manage fatigue caused by psychological and physical stress in young females, early detection factors, such as understanding of fatigue and causes of psychological and physical stress, as well as a review of early management of psychiatric disease, are important. With increasing knowledge regarding the diverse causes of stress, it is important to select biomarkers with consideration of the types of stress burden and mechanisms underlying the development of physical symptoms. The methods used to search for stress characteristics is an issue that needs to be addressed. However, consensus regarding objective assessment methods for impaired mental health is lacking. Methods: We examined the effects of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), considered to be a uniform source of psychological and physical stress, on biomarkers of oxidative stress and fatigue in 16 third-year female medical university students (21.3 ± 2.1 years old) in Japan with a normal menstrual cycle. A self-administered questionnaire consisting of Zung’s Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess subjective stress. Furthermore, stress-related biomarkers (urinary 8-hydroxy-2ʹ-deoxyguanosine [u-8-OHdG], urinary 5-hydroxytryptamine [u-5-HT], and salivary human herpesvirus-6 [s-HHV-6]) were examined at 1 month, 1 week, and 1 day before, and 1 week after the OSCE. Results: The results indicated that the OSCE did not have effects on u-8-OHdG, a biomarker of oxidative stress. However, u-5-HT and s-HHV-6 were found to be elevated in examinations performed prior to the OSCE. Conclusions: The present findings suggest that u-5-HT and s-HHV-6 levels can be used for objective assessment of mental and physical fatigue in young females, including that produced not only by knowledge regarding an upcoming OSCE, but also by skill and attitude aspects related to that examination.

Influence of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress on Plasma Leptin Responses to Sprint Exercise in Humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Amelia Guadalupe-Grau ◽  
Jesús Gustavo Ponce-Gonzalez ◽  
David Morales-Alamo ◽  
Lorena Rodriguez-Garcia ◽  
Teresa Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Sprint Exercise ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise In Humans

Lycopene alleviates sulfamethoxazole-induced hepatotoxicity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) via suppression of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 8547-8559
Author(s):  
Hongjing Zhao ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Mengyao Mu ◽  
Menghao Guo ◽  
Hongxian Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Grass Carp ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idellus

Antibiotics are used worldwide to treat diseases in humans and other animals; most of them and their secondary metabolites are discharged into the aquatic environment, posing a serious threat to human health.

Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 476 (24) ◽  
pp. 3705-3719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avani Vyas ◽  
Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽  
Kirill Kiselyov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Platinum Resistance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Platinum Compounds ◽  
Copper Chelation ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ascan Warnholtz ◽  
Maria Wendt ◽  
Michael August ◽  
Thomas Münzel
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
No Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

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