A Mentorship Program for Academic Obstetrician Gynecologists that Improved Publication and Overall Confidence for Success

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (05/06) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
Susan Nasab ◽  
John S. Rushing ◽  
James H. Segars ◽  
Emily Evers ◽  
Victoria L. Handa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Career Advancement ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Junior Faculty ◽  
Grant Writing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mentorship Program ◽  
Research Education ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis article aims to evaluate the impact of a mentorship program to enhance the training of clinical and research scientists in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN). A departmental course was developed for junior faculty and fellows based on their areas of interest. The research was IRB-approved. The curriculum consisted of monthly interactive workshops for an interdisciplinary group of trainees in OBGYN. Themes included research, education, and leadership in academic OBGYN. There was a strong emphasis on participatory exercises. Examples of curriculum topics included manuscript publication and review, grant writing, working with an IRB, promotion, and time management. Pre- and post-course questionnaires assessed participants' confidence in skills related to the course topics. Generalized linear models were used to assess changes in post-course response, using each question as the dependent variable and an indicator for post-course as the predictor variable. The control group was composed of junior faculty and fellows before the course was initiated. Outcome measures included the number and impact factor of published manuscripts. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to assess outcome measures. Of the 118 attendees, 26 (22.0%) were junior faculty, 35 (29.66%) were clinical fellows, and 28 (23.7%) were research fellows, other research staff, or students. For each 3-year course series, an average of 20 participants completed the post-course surveys, of which 72% were clinical fellows, 22% were assistant professors, and 5% were instructors. The data revealed a statistically significant change in the participant's overall confidence in skills related to research, education, and leadership when comparing the cumulative results from the pre-to-post course surveys (p < 0.001). Specifically, participants noted improved confidence in their skills related to clinical and translation research (p < 0.001) and leadership and academic career advancement (p = 0.001). Additionally, junior faculty and clinical fellows who attended the course had a higher number of publications during the course period compared with controls (p = 0.003 and p = 0.008, respectively). This subspecialty-tailored, departmental training program was effective in increasing junior faculty and clinical fellows' confidence in skills related to career advancement and research and in the number of peer-reviewed publications.

scholarly journals Impact of regular chest percussion on outcome measures for infants with pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Eman Abdel Fattah Hassan ◽  
Hoda Wahid Amer
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To evaluate the impact of regular chest percussion on outcome measures for infants with pneumonia.Methods: A two-group pre-post quasi-experimental design was conducted in the Pediatrics Medical Unit at Abu Elrish Children’s Hospital, Cairo University. The experiment involved 100 infants fifty (control group) followed the hospital routine care and other fifty applied regular chest percussion (intervention group). Chest condition was assessed subjectively and objectively throughout five days before and after the regular chest percussion using Pediatrics Respiratory Severity Scales. Physiological measurements of infant’s respiratory rate, heart rate, and temperature and oxygen saturation were assessed. All research ethics were applied.Results: The mean of Pediatric Respiratory Severity Score (PRSS), temperature, respiration, heart rate and oxygen saturation among infants was statistically improved throughout the intervention days than the control group 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th days post the regular chest percussion at a significance level as p < .05.Conclusions: The regular chest percussion had a significant improvement in the respiratory health conditions for infants with bacterial pneumonia. This study recommends regular chest percussion that should be applied in medicine and intensive care units. Further researches must be done to add more evidence -based practices regarding the effect of chest percussion for children with pneumonia.

Clinical trial designs in anaesthesia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon J. Howell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Surrogate Measures ◽  
The Impact

A clinical trial is a research study that assigns people or groups to different interventions and compares the impact of these on health outcomes. This chapter examines the design and delivery of clinical trials in anaesthesia and perioperative medicine covering the issues outlined below. The features of a high-quality clinical trial include well-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a control group, randomization, and blinding. Outcome measures may be broadly divided into counting the number of people who experience an outcome and taking measurements on people. The outcome measures selected for a clinical trial reflect the purpose of the study and may include ‘true’ clinical measures such as major postoperative complications or surrogate measures such as the results of a biochemical test. Outcome measures may be combined in a composite outcome. Assessment of health-related quality of life using a tool such as the SF-36 questionnaire is an important aspect of many clinical trials in its own right and also informs the economic analyses that may be embedded in a trial. Determining the number for recruits needed for a clinical trial requires both clinical and statistical insight and judgement. The analysis of a clinical trial requires a similarly sophisticated approach that takes into account the objectives of the study and balances the need for appropriate subgroup analyses with the risk of false-positive results. The safe and effective management of a clinical trial requires rigorous organizational discipline and an understanding of the ethical and regulatory structures that govern clinical research.

The Effects of Training the Humeral Rotators on Arm Elevation in the Scapular Plane

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris J Durall ◽  
George J Davies ◽  
Thomas W Kernozek ◽  
Mark H Gibson ◽  
Dennis CW Fater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Arm Elevation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scapular Plane

Context:It has been hypothesized that the fibers of the infraspinatus and subscapularis superior to the glenohumeral axis of rotation contribute directly to arm elevation.Objective:To test this hypothesis by assessing the impact of 5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training in a modified neutral position on scapular-plane arm-elevation peak torque.Design:Prospective, pretest/posttest with control group.Participants:24 female and 6 male noninjured college students (N = 30).Main Outcome Measures:Scapular-plane-elevation peak torque at 60, 180, and 300°/s.Results:Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated no difference in peak torque between groups at any of the angular velocities tested (P< .05)Conclusions:5 weeks of concentric isokinetic humeral-rotator training did not significantly increase scapular-plane-elevation peak torque.

scholarly journals Mentored Training to Increase Diversity among Faculty in the Biomedical Sciences: The NHLBI Summer Institute Programs to Increase Diversity (SIPID) and the Programs to Increase Diversity among Individuals Engaged in Health-related Research (PRIDE)

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Treva K. Rice ◽  
Donna B. Jeffe ◽  
Josephine E.A. Boyington ◽  
Jared B. Jobe ◽  
Victor G. Davila-Roman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Career Development ◽  
Junior Faculty ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grant Writing ◽  
Summer Institute ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Health Related Research ◽  
Health Related

<p class="Pa5"><strong>Objective: </strong>To report baseline character­istics of junior-level faculty participants in the Summer Institute Programs to Increase Diversity (SIPID) and the Programs to In­crease Diversity among individuals engaged in Health-Related Research (PRIDE), which aim to facilitate participants’ career devel­opment as independent investigators in heart, lung, blood, and sleep research.</p><p class="Pa5"><strong>Design and Setting: </strong>Junior faculty from groups underrepresented in the biomedical-research workforce attended two, 2-3 week, annual summer research-education programs at one of six sites. Programs provided didactic and/or laboratory courses, workshops to develop research, writing and career-development skills, as well as a mentoring component, with regular contact maintained via phone, email and webinar conferences. Between summer institutes, trainees participated in a short mid-year meeting and an annual scientific meeting. Participants were surveyed during and after SIPID/PRIDE to evaluate program compo­nents.</p><p class="Pa5"><strong>Participants: </strong>Junior faculty from under­represented populations across the United States and Puerto Rico participated in one of three SIPID (2007-2010) or six PRIDE programs (2011-2014).</p><p class="Pa5"><strong>Results: </strong>Of 204 SIPID/PRIDE participants, 68% were female; 67% African American and 27% Hispanic/Latino; at enrollment, 75% were assistant professors and 15% instructors, with most (96%) on non-tenure track. Fifty-eight percent had research doctorates (PhD, ScD) and 42% had medi­cal (MD, DO) degrees. Mentees’ feedback about the program indicated skills develop­ment (eg, manuscript and grant writing), access to networking, and mentoring were the most beneficial elements of SIPID and PRIDE programs. Grant awards shifted from primarily mentored research mechanisms to primarily independent investigator awards after training.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong> Conclusions: </strong>Mentees reported their career development benefited from SIPID and PRIDE participation.</p><p class="Pa7"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2017;27(3):249-256; doi:10.18865/ed.27.3.249</p>

scholarly journals Turned Off from an Academic Career: Engineering and Computing Doctoral Students and the Reasons for Their Dissuasion

10.28945/4250 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 277-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebony O McGee ◽  
Dara E Naphan-Kingery ◽  
Faheemah N Mustafaa ◽  
Stacey Houston ◽  
Portia Botchway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Junior Faculty ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grant Writing ◽  
Faculty Experiences ◽  
Faculty Position ◽  
Holistic Approaches ◽  
Comprehensive Survey

Aim/Purpose: We sought to understand factors that dissuade engineering and computing doctoral students in the United States from pursuing a career in the professoriate. Background: Many PhD students start the doctoral process excited about the possibility of becoming a professor. After a few years of doctoral education, however, many become less interested in academic careers or even come to loathe the idea of a faculty position. Methodology: Participants in a larger study (N = 744) completed a comprehensive survey about their educational experiences and career aspirations. This study focused on a subset of these respondents (n = 147), who indicated they did not want to pursue faculty positions and explained their reasoning with a brief open-ended response. We coded these open-ended responses. Contribution: We found a general lack of interest in the professoriate and disgust over the associated pressure-filled norms and culture; this aversion is the article’s focus. Respondents were critical of institutional norms that emphasize research (e.g., stress related to grant writing, publishing, and promotion as junior faculty) and described their own experiences as PhD students. Findings: Findings support rethinking the outdated faculty model and interchanging it with healthier and more holistic approaches. Recommendations for Practitioners: These approaches might include advocating for and emphasizing the contributions of research, teaching, and professional excellence as well as removing the secrecy and toxicity of tenure and promotion that discourage individuals from becoming the next generation of engineering and computing educators and knowledge makers. Recommendation for Researchers: Future researchers should explore in greater depth the extent to which junior faculty’s experiences in the professoriate influence doctoral students’ and postdoctoral scholars’ attitudes toward working in academia. To the extent that this is the case, researchers should then explore ways of improving faculty experiences, in addition to improving doctoral students’ experiences that are unrelated to their socialization. Impact on Society: Having a deeper understanding of the reasons why some doctoral engineering and computing students are uninterested in the professoriate is critical for removing barriers toward becoming faculty. Future Research: Researchers should explore the factors that would improve doctoral students’ perceptions of the professoriate, and better understand how they might disproportionately affect members of historically underrepresented groups.

scholarly journals Defensive Functioning Moderates the Effects of Nondirective Meditation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Grete Hersoug ◽  
Morten Wærsted ◽  
Bjørn Lau
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Defensive Functioning ◽  
The Impact

We have recently found that nondirective meditation facilitates stress reduction. This supplementary study investigated whether defensive functioning would moderate these beneficial effects. We explored the occurrence of defense mechanisms and the impact of defensive functioning on the outcome of companies’ stress management programs regarding worries nervousness, mental distress, sleep problems, and muscle pain. The sample was a population of active, working professionals recruited from Norwegian companies (n = 105). The intervention group obtained significant benefits on all outcome measures, but there were no effects in the control group. We analyzed defensive functioning with the self-report questionnaire, Life Style Index, at four time points. The healthy adults who participated had a low level of defense scores at the outset. There was a significant reduction in the level of defenses in both groups over the study period, 6 months. Defensive functioning significantly moderated the change of the outcome measures from baseline to follow-up in the intervention group, but not in the control group.

The Impact of Migraine on Epilepsy: A Prospective Prognosis Study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Velioglu ◽  
C Boz ◽  
M Özmenoglu
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Cumulative Probability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Early Treatment Response ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
The Impact

The effect of migraine on the prognosis of epilepsy has not been reported. The aim of this prospective 5-10-year follow-up study was to examine some outcome measures and the cumulative probability of being seizure-free in epilepsy patients with migraine, and to compare their results with those of epilepsy patients without migraine. Fifty-nine patients (40 women; mean age 25 years) were diagnosed with both epilepsy and migraine (EM group). The control group consisted of 56 patients with epilepsy but without migraine (E group). Both groups were recruited and followed up over similar periods. We compared the outcome variables in the EM group with those in the E group. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess the seizure-free curves. The EM group had a significantly lower cumulative probability of being seizure-free over 10 years compared with the E group. The other epilepsy outcome measures at follow-up differed significantly between the groups, with the EM group having a longer duration of epilepsy, a lower early treatment response, and a higher incidence of intractable epilepsy and achieving remission with polytherapy, and more seizure control and medication problems for at least the last 2 years of follow-up. Comorbid migraine had a negative effect on the prognosis of epilepsy.

Examining the impact of a university mentorship program on student outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah K. Hamilton ◽  
Jennifer Boman ◽  
Harris Rubin ◽  
Balreen K. Sahota
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mentorship Program ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the outcomes of a formal university mentorship program that paired junior and senior (third and fourth year) undergraduate student mentees with mentors from industry. Specifically, the researchers examined the effects of mentorship on mentees’ psychological sense of community at the university, and job search self-efficacy (confidence). Design/methodology/approach The researchers used a mixed-methods design that incorporated survey data and qualitative data from interviews and focus groups. Where relevant, mentees were compared to a control group of students who did not participate in the mentorship program. Findings The results demonstrate that the mentees accrued several benefits from participating in the mentorship program. For mentees (but not the control group), job search self-efficacy increased over time as a result of participating in the program. Mentees valued receiving practical career-related support such as opportunities for networking, resume development and job interviewing skills. Mentees also gained a more realistic view about the workplace and their potential career options, and received important psychosocial support from their mentor. Originality/value Results suggest that junior and senior undergraduate student mentees gained professional and career-related benefits including increased job search self-efficacy from participation in a mentorship program that paired them with mentors from industry. In addition, the qualitative results indicate that mentees reported psychosocial benefits including an increased sense of connection to the university. Altogether, results indicate that undergraduate students experience positive outcomes from participating in mentorship programs designed to prepare them for the transition from university to the workplace.

Information and Communication Technology and Cultural Change

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Hansen ◽  
Tom Postmes ◽  
Nikita van der Vinne ◽  
Wendy van Thiel
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ict For Development ◽  
Practical Implications

This paper studies whether and how information and communication technology (ICT) changes self-construal and cultural values in a developing country. Ethiopian children were given laptops in the context of an ICT for development scheme. We compared children who used laptops (n = 69) with a control group without laptops (n = 76) and a second control group of children whose laptop had broken down (n = 24). Results confirmed that after 1 year of laptop usage, the children’s self-concept had become more independent and children endorsed individualist values more strongly. Interestingly, the impact of laptop usage on cultural values was mediated by self-construal (moderated mediation). Importantly, modernization did not “crowd out” traditional culture: ICT usage was not associated with a reduction in traditional expressions (interdependent self-construal, collectivist values). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

A Newspaper’s Effect on the Strength of Automatic Associations in Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Arendt
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implicit Measure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effect ◽  
Automatic Associations ◽  
Foreign Nationality ◽  
The Impact

A test was done to see if reading a newspaper which consistently overrepresents foreigners as criminals strengthens the automatic association between foreign country and criminal in memory (i.e., implicit cultivation). Further, an investigation was done to find out if reading articles from the same newspaper produces a short-term effect on the same measure and if (1) emotionalization of the newspaper texts, (2) emotional reactions of the reader (indicated by arousal), and (3) attributed text credibility moderate the short-term treatment effect. Eighty-five participants were assigned to one of three experimental conditions. Participants in the control group received short factual crime texts, where the nationality of the offender was not mentioned. Participants in the factual treatment group received the same texts, but the foreign nationality was mentioned. Participants in the emotionalized treatment group received emotionalized articles (i.e., texts which are high in vividness and frequency) covering the same crimes, with the foreign nationality mentioned. Supporting empirical evidence for implicit cultivation and a short-term effect was found. However, only emotionalized articles produced a short-term effect on the strength of the automatic association, indicating that newspaper texts must have a minimum of stimulus intensity to overcome an effect threshold. There were no moderating effects of arousal or credibility pertaining to the impact on the implicit measure. However, credibility moderated the short-term effect on a first-order judgment (i.e., estimated frequency of foreigners of all criminals). This indicates that a newspaper’s effect on the strength of automatic associations is relatively independent from processes of propositional reasoning.

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