scholarly journals Soft Tissue Profile Response in Adult Orthodontic Patients following Extractions

2019 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 074-080
Author(s):  
Mandeep Bhullar ◽  
Amita Badhan ◽  
Sanjay Mittal ◽  
Isha Aggarwal ◽  
Divya Singla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Tissue Alteration ◽  
Cephalometric Changes

Abstract Introduction The position of the incisors is considered as a key landmark in treatment planning to provide the patient with the most attractive and well-balanced smile. It is important to quantify the relationship between anteroposterior position of incisors to overlying soft tissue structures. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate cephalometric changes on the soft tissue profile of the adult patients after first premolar extraction. Materials and Methods The study included pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms of 24 adult patients (Class II div 1 malocclusion and Class I bimaxillary protrusion) treated with preadjusted edgewise appliance following first premolar extractions. Seven angular and twelve linear soft tissue parameters were evaluated. Six hard tissue parameters were evaluated. Results All the linear and angular measurements pertaining to soft tissue and hard tissue showed significant changes. When posttreatment values were compared with pretreatment values, certain parameters (nasolabial angle, Z angle, UL and LL length, and UL strain) were found to be increased, whereas other parameters showed decrease in their posttreatment values. The tissue alteration showed statistically significant increase in nasolabial angle, Z angle, and decrease in soft tissue profile and interlabial gap. Conclusion Facial profile improvement can be enhanced by dentoalveolar and soft tissue retraction following premolar extraction.

scholarly journals Comparison of dentoskeletal and soft tissue effects of Class II malocclusion treatment with Jones Jig appliance and with maxillary first premolar extractions

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Daniela Cubas Pupulim ◽  
José Fernando Castanha Henriques ◽  
Guilherme Janson ◽  
Fernanda Pinelli Henriques ◽  
Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Cephalometric Changes

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the cephalometric changes in Class II division 1 malocclusion patients treated with Jones Jig appliance or with maxillary first premolar extractions. Methods: The sample consisted of 88 lateral cephalograms of 44 patients, divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 21 patients treated with Jones Jig appliance, with a mean initial age of 12.88 ± 1.23 years and final mean age of 17.18 ± 1.37 years, and a mean treatment time of 4.29 years. Group 2 comprised 23 patients treated with maxillary first premolar extractions, with a mean initial age of 13.59 ± 1.91 years and mean final age of 16.39 ± 1.97 years, and a mean treatment time of 2.8 years. Intergroup treatment changes were compared with t and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Class II correction in G2 (maxillary first premolar extractions) presented significantly greater maxillary retrusion, reduction of anteroposterior apical base discrepancy, smaller increase in the lower anterior face height and significantly greater overjet reduction than G1 (Jones Jig). Conclusions: Treatment with maxillary first premolar extractions produced greater overjet reduction, but the two treatment protocols produced similar changes in the soft tissue profile.

scholarly journals Comparison of Reproducibility of Nasolabial Angle Constructed by Anatomic point method and Tangent line method

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Jamal Giri ◽  
Prabhat Ranjan Pokharel ◽  
Rajesh Gyawali ◽  
Bhushan Bhattarai ◽  
Gunjan Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Principal Investigator ◽  
Tangent Line ◽  
Point Method ◽  
Observer Agreement ◽  
Line Method ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Reproducible Method

Introduction: Investigators have drawn nasolabial angle using different soft tissue landmarks. This has created confusion among the orthodontic students and clinicians regarding its construction.Objective: To evaluate two commonly used methods of constructing the nasolabial angle in order to establish a single reproducible method. Materials & Method: Lateral cephalograms of 120 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were obtained from the records of the patients. Soft tissue profile on the lateral cephalograms were traced manually by the principal investigator. All the tracings were photocopied and 6 copies of each tracing were made. Nasolabial angles were constructed and measured on photocopied copies of the tracings first using the anatomic point method and then using the tangent line method by the principal investigator and another investigator independently.  Result: The average nasolabial angle values for anatomic point method and tangent line method were found to be 94.32° ± 14.05° and 92.4° ± 14.59° respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficient demonstrated excellent intra-observer and interobserver agreement among the two methods of nasolabial angle construction.Conclusion: Both anatomic point method and tangent line method of nasolabial angle construction have excellent reproducibility in terms of intra-observer and inter-observer agreement. 

scholarly journals Incisal and Soft Tissue Effects of Maxillary Premolar Extraction in Class II Treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 808-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nevenka Tadic ◽  
Michael G. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Fixed Appliance ◽  
Premolar Extraction ◽  
Class Ii Treatment ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Objective: This retrospective study was designed to show likely upper incisal and soft tissue lip changes accompanying Class II fixed appliance treatment with only two upper premolar extractions and to assess whether the lips, especially, are predictably and directly affected with such treatment. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms and study casts from 61 growing Class II patients (aged 11 to 18 years; 39 division 1 and 22 division 2) were assessed. Upper and lower lip curve depths, nasolabial angle, and upper incisal position and angulation were all assessed and compared with changes in other cephalometric variables. Results: A wide range of individual response in both lip and upper incisor behavior were noted. The observed soft tissue lip changes were most likely to be related to the preexisting morphology of the lips themselves, while upper incisal changes were mainly related to their own pretreatment positions and changes occurring with treatment in the underlying bony structures. Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment involving the extractions of only two upper premolars is likely to result in a wide range of variation in lip and upper incisor behavior. The preexisting soft tissue morphology is likely to be the greatest determinant of lip behavior.

scholarly journals DENTOSKELETAL, SOFT TISSUE AND AIRWAY EFFECTS OF THE ADVANSYNC2 IN PATIENTS WITH CLASS II DIV 1 MANDIBULAR RETROGNATHISM: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Pasupureddi Keerthana ◽  
Prasad Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathism

Objective: To evaluate dentoskeletal, soft tissue and airway changes in Class II malocclusion patients treated with AdvanSync2 Class II corrector in conjunction with fixed appliances. Methods: Forty-five subjects with skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion requiring fixed functional therapy were included. Pre-treatment cephalograms served as control group (Group 1), post treatment cephalograms of patients treated using AdvanSync2, as experimental group (Group 2). Changes in skeletal, dental, soft tissue profile and airway were analyzed on lateral cephalograms using 21 variables from multiple cephalometric analysis. Results were tabulated and data was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test for linear parameters and paired student t test for angular parameters. Results: Maxillary skeletal and dental effects included restriction of growth, upper incisor retrusion and retroclination at p<0.001. Mandibular incisors proclined during treatment. Forward mandibular relocation was noted, though not statistically significant. Upper and lower lip repositioning was achieved, establishing lip competency. Changes in Z angle and nasolabial angle were positive, reducing facial convexity. Significant airway dimensional improvements were noted. Conclusion: AdvanSync2 Class II corrector was effective in treating skeletal Class II malocclusions with mandibular retrognathism. It produced its effects mainly through maxillary restriction and mandibular dentoalveolar changes which furthermore helped in achieving good soft tissue profiles in patients. Positive airway changes were also noted.

Soft-Tissue Profile Changes during Widening and Protraction of the Maxilla in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Compared with Normal Growth and Development

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 454-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf S. Tindlund ◽  
Per Rygh
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Maxillary Protraction ◽  
Transverse Expansion ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Maxillary Deficiency

During the last 15 years, cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients with maxillary deficiency in the care of the Bergen CLP team have undergone an interceptive orthopedic treatment phase during the deciduous and mixed dentition period. The present study includes 68 patients who received maxillary transverse expansion by use of a modified quad-helix appliance and 98 cases given maxillary protraction by a facial mask. All cases were treated until an acceptable normal occlusion was attained. Lateral cephalograms were taken immediately before and after the active treatment periods. Sagittal changes of the soft-tissue profile during transverse expansion and protraction were analyzed separately for unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients and bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients. The soft-tissue profiles of the groups were compared to growth changes of noncleft age-matched children (NORM group). During the short period of maxillary transverse expansion (mean period, 3.5 months) no significant change of the soft-tissue profile was found, except in the protrusion of the lower lip in the BCLP group. During the period of maxillary protraction (mean periods, 12 months in the UCLP group and 15 months in the BCLP group) the soft-tissue profile improved significantly by reducing the characteristic tendency towards a concave profile in CLP patients with maxillary deficiency. Significant Increases of the sagittal maxillomandlbular lip relation (angle SS-N-SM: mean Increase, 2.5 degrees) and the Holdaway-angle (H-angle: mean increase, 3.0 degrees) were found to be similar in the UCLP and BCLP groups. However, the use of different reference lines for evaluation of treatment effects upon the soft-tissue profile resulted in conflicting findings suggesting that anteriorly situated reference lines are more suitable for the evaluation of CLP patients. Thus, the esthetic line (E.line) indicated a favorable position of the lips after treatment; the subspinale-pogonlon line (ss.pg) revealed an Improved soft-tissue profile; the soft-tissue-facial line (N.PG) showed a retruded nose and upper lip; whereas basal references such as the nasion-sella line (NSL) and the occlusal-line perpendicular (OLP) mainly showed major differences between the CLP groups and the NORM groups.

Facial Growth in Patients with Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Cephalometric Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiki L.W.M. Heidbüchel ◽  
Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman ◽  
Hans Peter M. Freihofer
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip

In this study, sagittal facial growth of bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients between 6 and 20 years of age is analyzed. The data of Nljmegen were derived from 131 lateral cephalograms taken in 21 BCLP patients who were treated In the Cleft Lip and Palate Center of the University Hospital of Nljmegen. Reported data of 90 BCLP patients treated at the Center of Oslo were used as a reference for comparison. Results of this Investigation showed mandibular growth to be similar in both centers. In the premaxillary region some differences were found: The Nljmegen patients presented a more protrusive premaxilla than those at Oslo. The upper front teeth and hence, the premaxilla, were more retroclined In the Nljmegen sample. There were also statistically significant differences in the soft tissue profile. The mean z-score was positive for the nasolabial angle and negative for the angle N'-Sn-Pg'. At 18 years of age, these differences are still apparent. In comparison with Broadbent's values of normal individuals, the SNPg-angle was smaller and the mandibular angle greater in Nljmegen and Oslo. The profiles of the BCLP patients are more convex in Nljmegen and more concave in Oslo than In the noncleft group. Finally, the different treatment strategies of the Cleft Lip and Palate Centers of Nljmegen and Oslo are compared and discussed In terms of their long-term results.

scholarly journals Defining Norms for the Upper and Lower Lips of the Himachali Ethnic Population: A Cephalometric Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 189-194
Author(s):  
Isha Aggarwal ◽  
Manu Wadhawan
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Tissue Structures ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Abstract Introduction: The great variance in soft-tissue drape of the human face complicates accurate assessment of the soft-tissue profile and it is a known fact that facial features of different ethnic groups differ significantly. This study was undertaken to establish soft tissue norms for Himachali ethnic population. Method: The sample comprised lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position of 100 normal subjects (50 males, 50 females). The cephalograms were analyzed by Arnett soft tissue cephalometric analysis for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The Student t test was used to compare the means of the 2 groups. Results: Statistically significant differences were found between Himachali males and females in certain key parameters. Males have thicker soft-tissue structures than females. Whereas females have greater interlabial gap when compared with Himachali males. When compared with other ethnic groups, Himachali subjects have thicker soft tissue structures. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found between Himachali males and females in certain key parameters. Differences were also noted between other ethnic groups and Himachali faces.

scholarly journals Soft-Tissue Facial Characteristics of Attractive and Normal Adolescent Boys and Girls

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiarella Sforza ◽  
Alberto Laino ◽  
Raoul D'Alessio ◽  
Gaia Grandi ◽  
Gianluca Martino Tartaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Adolescent Boys ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Attractive Face

Abstract Objectives: To identify possible esthetic canons in facial size and shape of Italian adolescent boys and girls. Materials and Methods: The three-dimensional coordinates of 50 facial landmarks (forehead, eyes, nose, cheeks, mouth, jaw, ears) were collected in 231 healthy, reference adolescents (10– 17 years old) and in 93 similar age group “attractive” adolescents selected by a commercial casting organization. Soft-tissue facial angles, distances, areas, and volumes were computed. Comparisons were made with analysis of variance. Results: Attractive adolescents had wider, shorter, and less deep faces than reference adolescents, with a relatively larger forehead and maxilla, and a reduced mandible relative to the maxilla. Lips were larger and more prominent, and the nasolabial angle was reduced, but in older boys the effect was reversed. The prominence of the soft-tissue profile, and of the maxilla relative to the mandible, were larger in attractive boys, but smaller in attractive girls than in their reference peers. In the horizontal plane, attractive “young” adolescents had a flatter face, while the opposite pattern was observed in the “old” adolescents, with a relatively more prominent chin. Attractive adolescents had smaller noses than reference subjects of the same age and sex. Conclusions: Overall, all the measurements appeared sufficiently homogenous, and the quantitative characteristics of an “attractive” face well defined. Esthetic reference values can be used to determine optimal timing and goals in orthodontic treatment.

Prognostic Indicators for Anterior Mandibular Repositioning in Adolescents with Class II Malocclusion: A Cross-Sectional Cephalometric Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-282
Author(s):  
Jong-Moon Chae ◽  
Jae Hyun Park ◽  
Seon-Hye Kim ◽  
Utkarsh Mangal ◽  
Hye Young Seo
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Cephalometric Changes ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Objective: To investigate the cephalometric changes following anterior repositioning of the mandible for predicting the treatment effects in Class II adolescent patients. Study Design: Lateral cephalograms of 28 patients (ANB &gt; 4°) were taken in centric occlusion (CO) and edge-to-edge bite (EtoE) before orthodontic treatment. The patients were classified into two groups according to their mandibular plane angle [MPA; low MPA (LMPA) ≤ 28° and high MPA (HMPA) &gt; 28°]. Cephalometric changes of hard and soft tissues were measured and analyzed with an x-y cranial base coordinate system. Results: For CO to EtoE, there were no significant cephalometric changes between HMPA and LMPA, but the horizontal ratio of soft to hard tissue pogonion (H-Pog′/H-Pog) change was significantly greater with LMPA than with HMPA while the vertical ratio (V-Pog′/V-Pog) showed vice versa. For CO to EtoE, MPA showed significant correlations with H-Pog′/H-Pog and V-Pog′/V-Pog. Y-axis angle, V-Pog′/V-Pog and H-Pog′/H-Pog can be used as good tools to discriminate between HMPA and LMPA. Conclusion: Cephalometric findings for CO to EtoE may be useful in predicting the vertical and horizontal changes of hard and soft tissues with the treatment of growing adolescents having various vertical skeletal patterns of Class II malocclusion.

scholarly journals Soft Tissue Profile in White Brazilian Adults with Normal Occlusions and Well-Balanced Faces

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio Scavone ◽  
Wesley Zahn-Silva ◽  
Karyna Martins do Valle-Corotti ◽  
Ana Carla Raphaelli Nahás
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
American Women ◽  
White American ◽  
North Americans ◽  
The North ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
White American Women

Abstract Objective: To analyze anteroposterior soft tissue facial parameters for a sample of white Brazilian adults and to compare these measurements with the values proposed for white North American adults. Materials and Methods: Facial profile photographs were taken of 59 white Brazilians (30 men and 29 women) with normal occlusions and balanced faces with ages ranging from 18 to 30 years. The independent Student's t-test (P &lt; .05) was used to compare the soft tissue parameters of the Brazilians with those of the North Americans. Results: White Brazilian women presented a less protruded face compared with white American women except for the glabella region. White Brazilian women showed a smaller nasal projection, less protruded upper and lower lips, a more obtuse nasolabial angle, and a smaller projection of the B′ point and chin than white American women. Conversely, the two male groups demonstrated less evident soft tissue profile differences, with the exception of the nose projection, which was smaller in white Brazilian men than in white American men. Conclusions: A universal standard of facial esthetic is not applicable to diverse white populations. Differences regarding the soft tissue profile features were found between white Brazilians and white Americans. These differences should be considered in the orthodontic/orthognathic surgery diagnosis and treatment plan for white Brazilians together with the patient's individual opinion and perception of beauty.

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