scholarly journals Anatomical and Radiological Study of Jugular Foramen

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Alok Tripathi ◽  
Shobhit Raizaday ◽  
Shilpi Jain ◽  
Satyam Khare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Radiological Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background and Aim The purpose of present study was to obtain comprehensive data of morphometric and anatomical details of jugular foramen. Materials and Methods The study was performed on 30 dry adult human skulls along with computed tomography (CT) scans from 30 adult patients. The parameters observed were dimensions, shape, margins, confluence, septations, and distance from jugular foramen to mastoid base. Result In the dry skull observations, only anteroposterior diameter (APD) was significantly different between the right and left side, while for the CT scan observations both transverse diameter and APD exhibit significant difference. Conclusion We believe that data from the present study will help radiologists and neurosurgeons for diagnosis and treatment of skull base pathology around jugular foramen.

Prospective Study of the Correlation Between Postoperative Computed Tomography Scan and Primary Surgeon Assessment in Patients With Advanced Ovarian, Tubal, and Peritoneal Carcinoma Reported to Have Undergone Primary Surgical Cytoreduction to Residual Disease 1 cm or Less

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 4946-4951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis S. Chi ◽  
Pedro T. Ramirez ◽  
Jerrold B. Teitcher ◽  
Svetlana Mironov ◽  
Debra M. Sarasohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Advanced Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Primary Surgery ◽  
The Right ◽  
Analysis Scale ◽  
Tomography Scan

Purpose To compare surgeons' operative assessments of residual disease (RD) to those identified on postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans in patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma reported to have undergone optimal primary cytoreduction. Patients and Methods All patients at one of two institutions, who were scheduled to have primary surgery for presumed advanced ovarian cancer, were asked to consent to a postoperative CT scan if cytoreduction to ≤ 1 cm RD was reported. CT scan findings were graded using a qualitative analysis scale from 1 (normal) to 5 (definitely malignant). Results From January 2001 to September 2006, 285 patients were enrolled. A total of 78 patients met eligibility criteria and had postoperative CT scans. In 41 cases (52%), postoperative scan findings correlated with the surgical report of no RD more than 1 cm, and in seven cases (9%), the CT findings were indeterminate. In 10 cases (13%), more than 1 cm RD was noted by the radiologist as probably malignant, and in 20 cases (26%), definitely malignant. In these 30 cases, the radiologically reported median largest residual mass was 1.9 cm (range, 1.1 to 5.1), with RD more than 1 cm reported most commonly in the right upper quadrant (15 patients [50%]) and central abdomen (nine patients [30%]). Conclusion There was only a 52% correlation between surgeons' assessments and postoperative CT scan evaluations of RD in patients reported to have undergone optimal cytoreduction. Further study is required to determine whether this lack of correlation is due to rapid interval tumor regrowth, RD underestimated by the surgeons, and/or overestimated by the radiologists; and to determine the clinical implications of these discrepancies.

Radiological Correlation between Pneumatization of Frontal Sinus and Height of Fovea Ethmoidalis

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 626-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesur Gumus ◽  
Altan Yildirim
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Frontal Sinus ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
The Relationship

Background We need more data about the variations of skull base to minimize the complications of ethmoidectomy. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the pneumatization of the frontal sinus and height of the fovea ethmoidalis. Methods Paranasal coronal computed tomography (CT) scans of 487 sides of 300 patients were evaluated. The presence of the frontal cell and pneumatization of the frontal sinus were studied with respect to the height of the fovea ethmoidalis. Results We found a statistically significant correlation between the frontal cell and frontal sinus hyperpneumatization (p = 0.000). We determined that there was a deeper fovea ethmoidalis in the sides that have a frontal cell (p ≤ 0.001) and in the sides that have hyperpneumatization of the frontal sinus (p = 0.000). We also observed flatter fovea ethmoidalis in the sides that have hypopneumatization of the frontal sinus (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion The presence of a frontal cell or hyperpneumatization of the frontal sinus on CT scan should alert the clinician that there may be a deep fovea ethmoidalis.

Efficacy of HRCT Imaging vs SPECT/CT Scans in the Staging of Malignant External Otitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramaswamy Balakrishnan ◽  
Pooja Dalakoti ◽  
Dipak Ranjan Nayak ◽  
Kailesh Pujary ◽  
Rohit Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
External Otitis ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Malignant External Otitis ◽  
Extent Of Disease

ObjectiveThe prognosis of patients with malignant external otitis (MEO) depends on the extent of the inflammatory changes in the temporal bone and skull base. The efficacy of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging in accurately assessing the extent of disease is compared with that of single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) scan.Study DesignA clinical chart review was conducted with medical records and radiologic images.SettingTertiary care medical college hospital.Subjects and MethodsThis study involved patients with clinically diagnosed MEO who underwent both modalities of imaging of the skull base. Staging of the disease extent was compared between the imaging systems among patients. Symptom control and survival rates were analyzed with respect to the SPECT/CT staging of MEO.ResultsOut of 28 patients included in this study, 72% had SPECT/CT scans showing higher staging than the HRCT imaging. Four patients had mild uptake (stage 1), and 15 had disease confined to the mastoid/temporal bone, not reaching midline (stage 2). All patients in stages 1 and 2 were surviving with good symptom control. Five patients with petrous involvement reaching midline (stage 3) had persistent symptoms, and all 4 cases with SPECT/CT showing sphenoid involvement and crossing midline (stage 4) died within a year of diagnosis.ConclusionsSPECT/CT scan is more sensitive than HRCT imaging in detecting the extent of disease and is a better prognosticator for patients with MEO.

scholarly journals Delayed Extradural Hematoma after Evacuation of Contralateral Acute Extradural Hematoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Majid Anwer ◽  
Atique Ur Rehman ◽  
Farheen Ahmed ◽  
Satyendra Kumar ◽  
Md Masleh Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Mass Effect ◽  
Extradural Hematoma ◽  
Traumatic Head Injury ◽  
Neurologic Deterioration ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Traumatic head injury with extradural hematoma (EDH) is seen in 2% of patients. Development of EDH on the contralateral side is an uncommon complication that has been reported in various case reports. Case Report We report here a case of an 18-year-old male who had a road traffic injury. He was diagnosed as a case of left-sided large frontotemporoparietal acute extradural bleed with a mass effect toward the right side. He was managed with urgent craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma. A noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) scan performed 8 hours after postoperative period showed a large frontotemporoparietal bleed on the right side with a mass effect toward the left side. He was again taken to the operating room and right-sided craniotomy and evacuation of hematoma were performed. A postoperative NCCT scan revealed a resolved hematoma. The patient made a complete recovery in the postoperative period and is doing well. Conclusion Delayed onset epidural hematoma is diagnosed when the initial computed tomography (CT) scan is negative or is performed early and when late CT scan performed to assess clinical or ICP deterioration shows an EDH. The diagnosis of such a condition requires a high index of suspicion based on the mechanism of injury along with fracture patterns. Additionally, change in pupillary size, raised intracranial pressure, and bulging of the brain intraoperatively are additional clues for contralateral bleeding. Neurologic deterioration may or may not be associated with delayed EDH presentation. An early postoperative NCCT scan within 24 hours is recommended to detect this complication with or without any neurologic deterioration.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Scan in Young Athletes With Spondylolysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 671-676
Author(s):  
Amy M. West ◽  
Pierre A. d’Hemecourt ◽  
Olivia J. Bono ◽  
Lyle J. Micheli ◽  
Dai Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
False Negative ◽  
False Negative Rate ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Young Athletes ◽  
Negative Rate

The objective of this study was to determine diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans in young athletes diagnosed with spondylolysis. A cross-sectional study was used. Twenty-two young athletes (14.7 ± 1.5 years) were diagnosed as spondylolysis based on a single-photon emission CT. Following the diagnosis, participants underwent MRI and CT scan imaging tests on the same day. The sensitivity and false-negative rate of the MRI and CT scans were analyzed. MRI test confirmed 13 (+) and 9 (−) results while CT test showed 17 (+) and 5 (−) results. The sensitivity and false-negative rate of MRI were, respectively, 59.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 36.7% to 78.5%) and 40.9% (95% CI = 21.5% to 63.3%). Furthermore, the sensitivity and false-negative rate of CT scan were 77.3% (95% CI = 54.2% to 91.3%) and 22.7% (95% CI = 0.09% to 45.8%). Our results indicated that CT scan is a more accurate imaging modality to diagnose spondylolysis compared with MRI in young athletes.

Abstract TP291: Hematoma Retraction and Perihematoma Hypodensity in Neutral Brain Model of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Majidi ◽  
Basit Rahim ◽  
Sarwat I Gilani ◽  
Waqas I Gilani ◽  
Malik M Adil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Hematoma Expansion ◽  
Human Cadaver ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
The Right

Background: The temporal evolution of intracerebral hematomas and perihematoma edema in the ultra-early period on computed tomographic (CT) scans in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is not well understood. We aimed to investigate hematoma and perihematoma changes in “neutral brain” models of ICH. Methods: One human and 6 goat cadaveric heads were used as “neutral brains” to provide physical properties of the brain without any biological activity or new bleeding. ICH was induced by slow injection of 4 ml of fresh blood into the right basal ganglia of the goat brains. Similarly, 20 ml of fresh blood was injected deep into the white matter of the human cadaver head in each hemisphere. Serial CT scans of the heads were performed at 0, 1, 3, and 5 hours after inducing ICH. Analyze software (AnalyzeDirect, Overland Park, KS) was used to measure hematoma and perihematoma hypodensity volumes in the baseline and follow up CT scans. Results: The initial hematoma volumes of 11.6 ml and 10.5 ml in the right and the left hemispheres of the human cadaver brain gradually decreased to 6.6 ml and 5.4 ml at 5 hours, showing 43% and 48% retraction of hematoma, respectively. The volume of the perihematoma hypodensity in the right and left hemisphere increased from 2.6 ml and 2.2 ml in the 1 hour follow up CT scans to 4.9 ml and 4.4 ml in the 5 hour CT scan, respectively. Hematoma retraction was also observed in all six ICH models in the goat brains. The mean ICH volume in the goat heads was decreased from 1.49 ml in the baseline CT scan to 1.01 ml in the 5 hour follow up CT scan showing 29.6% hematoma retraction. Perihematoma hypodensity was visualized in 70% of ICH in goat brains, with an increasing mean hypodensity volume of 0.4 ml in the baseline CT scan to 0.8 ml in the 5 hour follow up CT scan. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that substantial hematoma retraction and perihematoma hypodensity occurs in intracerebral hematomas in the absence of any new bleeding or biological activity of the surrounding brain. Such observations suggest that active bleeding is underestimated in patients with no or small hematoma expansion and our understanding of perihematoma hypodesity needs to be reconsidered.

scholarly journals ONE OR TWO SCREWS IN THE FRACTURE OF THE ODONTOID PROCESS? EVALUATION USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-213
Author(s):  
Carlos Alexandre Botelho do Amaral ◽  
Edgar Taira Nakagawa ◽  
Leonardo Ternis Ferreira ◽  
José Sergio Franco ◽  
Robinson Esteves Santos Pires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Odontoid Process ◽  
T Test ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Bone Area ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Operative Planning

Objective:To evaluate the bone area of the odontoid process through computed tomography and its relation with the area of one and two screws in the male and female subjects.Methods:188 CT scans of adults were analyzed. The isthmus area was selected and the transverse diameter was measured at 1.2 mm from the base of odontoid.Results:After placement of a screw, the odontoid area remains with 82% of free bone for both men and women. With two screws, 45.6% of women, had a free bone area of the odontoid process between 50% and 75% and 54.4% were above 75%. 26.6% men had percentage from 50% to 75% of free bone area and 73.4% above 75% (p=0.07). After the placement of two screws, the bone area was, in average, 77.3% in men and 75.4% in women. Using the Student t-test, the differences between the average of percentage of free bone area in men and women are significantly lower in women (p=0.0012).Conclusion:The pre-operative planning through CT can help to choose the number of screws in the odontoid process. The choice should be particularly careful when using two screws in women.

scholarly journals Cerebral Cavernous Hemangioma in a Dog

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Motta dos Santos Moretto ◽  
Luciana Maria Curtio Soares ◽  
Esthefanie Nunes ◽  
Uiara Hanna Araújo Barreto ◽  
Valéria Régia Franco Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ct Scanning ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Background: Cerebral cavernous hemangioma is a rare neoplasm of vascular origin in the brain, characterized by abnormally dilated vascular channels surrounded by endothelium without muscle or elastic fibers. Presumptive diagnosis is performed by magnetic resonance or computed tomography (CT) scanning and can be confirmed by histopathology. The prognosis of intracranial cavernous hemangioma is poor, with progression of clinical signs culminating in spontaneous death or euthanasia. The purpose of this paper is to report a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in a dog, presenting the clinical findings, tomographic changes, and pathological findings.Case: This case involved a 2-year-old medium sized mixed breed female dog presenting with apathy, hyporexia, ataxia, bradycardia, dyspnea, and seizure episodes for three days. Hemogram and serum biochemistry of renal and hepatic function and urinalysis did not reveal any visible changes. CT scanning was also performed. The scans revealed a hyperdense nodule of 15.9 x 14 mm, with well defined borders, and a hypodense halo without post-contrast enhancement and mass effect in the right parietal lobe was observed in both transverse and coronal sections. Based on the image presented in the CT scans, the nodule was defined as a hemorrhagic brain lesion. The animal died after a seizure. The right telencephalon was subjected to necropsy, which revealed a reddish-black wel-defined nodule 1.7 cm in diameter extending from the height of the piriform lobe to the olfactory trine at the groove level and extending towards the lateral ventricle, with slight compression and deformation of the thalamus but no other macroscopic alterations in the other organs. The histopathology indicated that this nodular area in the encephalus contained moderate, well-delimited but unencapsulated cellularity, composed of large vascular spaces paved with endothelial cells filled with erythrocytes, some containing eosinophilic fibrillar material (fibrin) and others with organized thrombus containing occasional neutrophil aggregates. The endothelial cells had cytoplasm with indistinct borders, elongated nuclei, scanty crust-like chromatin, and cellular pleomorphism ranging from discrete to moderate, without mitotic figures.Discussion: The histological findings characterized the morphological changes in the brain as cavernous hemangioma, and the growth and compression of this neoplasm were considered the cause of the clinical signs of this dog. The main complaint was seizures, although ataxia and lethargy were also noted. These clinical signs are often related to changes in the anterior brain and brainstem. The literature does not list computed tomography as a complementary diagnostic method in cases of cerebral cavernous hemangioma in dogs, but CT scanning was useful in confirming cerebral hemorrhage. The main differential diagnosis for cerebral cavernous hemangioma would be a hamartoma, but what differentiates them histologically is the presence of normal interstices between the blood vessels, since no intervening neural tissue occurs in the case of cerebral hemangioma. Therefore, even in the absence of immunohistochemistry to more confidently confirm a cavernous hemangioma, the clinical signs, CT scans and especially the pathological findings were consistent with a case of cerebral cavernous hemangioma, a benign neoplasm with a poor prognosis due to the severe neurological changes it causes and its difficult treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CT) Scans on the Calculated Dose of Radiotherapy in a Thorax Phantom

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Athar Ehtiati ◽  
Payman Hejazi ◽  
Mohsen Bakhshandeh ◽  
Ali Jabbary Arfaee ◽  
Eftekhar Rajab Bolookat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Treatment Planning ◽  
Tumor Volume ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography

Background: Despite the benefits of contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scans in better tumor volume delineation, it can affect the accuracy of dose calculation in radiation therapy. This study examined this effect on a thorax phantom. Objectives: The influence of different variables including the concentrations of the Visipaque contrast media, tumor sizes, and CT scan energies on the dose measurement was examined. Methods: Transparent cylinders containing the contrast media were inserted in the lung area of the phantom and the CT scans were made. Non-enhanced CT scans were also acquired. Treatment planning using 2 opposite fields was performed on the CT scans and the doses were calculated in the treatment planning system. The results of the 2 sets of enhanced and non-enhanced CT scans were compared. Results: The correlation between concentration and the percentage of mean dose of the tumor volume was significant in 2 of the tumor sizes. The differences in the mean doses of the 2 plans were examined and more than 3% increase was observed in higher concentrations of the contrast media. Conclusions: According to this study, the suitable concentration of the contrast media administered and the CT scan energy should be considered. This would help to decrease the discrepancies between the calculated and delivered dose in radiotherapy treatments to a clinically acceptable level. The importance of time delays for CT scans after administration of the contrast media is emphasized.

scholarly journals Evaluation of version of acetabular component following total hip replacement on conventional radiograph and computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185
Author(s):  
Manish Raj ◽  
Ashish Jaiman ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Total Hip Replacement ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Patient Positioning ◽  
Acetabular Version ◽  
Total Hip ◽  
Significant Difference

Background/Purpose: Total hip replacement (THR) is considered as one of the most successful orthopedic procedures. However, improperly placed components can lead to instability and accelerated wear. Acetabular cup inclination can be very well accessed by anteroposterior pelvis X-rays; for acetabular version assessment, computed tomography (CT) scan is the gold standard. CT scan is not readily available at many centers and the surgeon has to rely on X-ray methods for evaluation of acetabular version to audit results and to predict behavior of the surgical intervention. This prospective study was undertaken to compare Woo and Morrey’s and ischiolateral methods of assessment of acetabular version on cross-table lateral radiographs with CT assessment and to assess the validity of radiographic methods with respect to CT scan method. Material and methods: A prospective follow-up study was conducted for 18 months’ duration (October 2016 to March 2018) on 30 adult patients who underwent THR surgery. Cross-table lateral radiograph was obtained at 3 and 6 weeks in the postoperative period. Two observers made each observation at two different points of time. CT scan was performed at 3 weeks. Version as measured by radiographs and CT scan was recorded. Results: The major overlap in the distribution of the values of the Woo and Morrey method suggests that there is no significant difference between the observations. Distribution of the values of the ischiolateral view and the CT scan value distributions have a very small overlap and hence suggest a strong significant difference between the two. Conclusion: In this study, Woo and Morrey’s method and ischiolateral method of assessment of acetabular version were compared with CT assessment. We found that in Woo and Morrey’s method, values were comparable to CT scan values, when put on regression line. However, in situation of change in patient positioning, namely hip stiffness in contralateral hip, measurement of component changed in series of radiography due to differences in pelvis tilt. So, in these circumstances, we can use ischiolateral method which can give consistent measurement. But it will not be in concordance with CT scan values and Woo and Morrey values, as represented in regression line. The high intra-class correlation coefficients for both intra- and inter-observer reliability indicated that the angle measured with these methods is consistent and reproducible for multiple observers. CT, however, be considered as gold standard for measurement owing to control over pelvic rotation and/or tilt/patient positioning.

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