scholarly journals ROLE OF PHYTOCHEMICALS IN ORAL POTENTIALLY MALIGNANT DISORDERS : A REVIEW

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Ananya Madiyal ◽  
Vidya Ajila ◽  
Subhas G Babu ◽  
Shruthi Hedge ◽  
Harini Keshavaiah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

AbstractOral cancer is a major global health concern and poses a challenge to diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of healthcare services. Various oral lesions like leukoplakia, erythroplakia, lichen planus and oral submucus fibrosis categorized as orally potential malignant disorders have shown increased incidence of malignant transformation. Free radicals are highly reactive chemical species with capacity to damage nucleic acids, proteins and lipids and bring about changes of clinical significance. Antioxidants help in scavenging these free radicals and prevent disease progression. Naturally occurring phytochemicals play an important role in preventing oxidative stress and protect the cells from damage by free radicals.

scholarly journals The role of interventional surgery in oral potentially malignant disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Rising Incidence

Oral potentially malignant disorders are mucosal diseases with a significantly increased risk of squamous carcinoma development – a lethal and deforming disease with rising incidence, especially in young people. Despite the ability to recognise pre-cancer disorders in patients, clinicians remain unable to predict individual mucosal lesion behaviour or quantify the risk of malignant transformation. No clear management guidelines exist and the available scientific literature is unable to answer the fundamental question: does early diagnosis and interventional management treat pre-cancer effectively and prevent malignant transformation?

scholarly journals The establishment of a multi-source dataset of images on common oral lesions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senthilmani Rajendran ◽  
Jian Han Lim ◽  
Kohgulakuhan Yogalingam ◽  
Thomas George Kallarakkal ◽  
Rosnah Binti Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Lesion ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Referral Decisions ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant ◽  
Referral Decision

Abstract Purpose To establish an oral lesion image database that could accelerate the development of artificial intelligence systems for lesion recognition and referral decision. Materials and Methods We describe the establishment of a multi-sourced image dataset through the development of a platform for the collection and annotation of images. Further, we developed a used-friendly tool (MeMoSA® ANNOTATE) for systematic annotation to collect a rich dataset associated with the images. We evaluated the sensitivities comparing referral decisions through the annotation process with the clinical diagnosis of the lesions to identify lesions that are challenging to identify through images alone. Results The image repository hosts 2474 images of oral lesions consisting of oral cancer, oral potentially malignant disorders, benign lesions, normal anatomical variants and normal mucosa that were collected through our platform, MeMoSA® UPLOAD. Over 800 images were annotated by seven oral medicine specialists on MeMoSA®ANNOTATE, to mark the lesion and to collect clinical labels. The sensitivity in referral decision for all lesions that required a referral for cancer management/surveillance was moderate to high depending on the type of lesion (64.3–100%). Conclusion This is the first description of a database with well-annotated oral lesions. This database has already been used for the development of AI algorithm for classifying oral lesions. Further expansion of this database could accelerate the improvement in AI algorithms that can facilitate the early detection of oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer.

scholarly journals TNFα Signaling Is Increased in Progressing Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Regulates Malignant Transformation in an Oral Carcinogenesis Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Chadwick ◽  
Rachel Macdonald ◽  
Aiman A. Ali ◽  
Michael Glogauer ◽  
Marco A. Magalhaes
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Transformation ◽  
Oncologic Outcomes ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Critical Pathways ◽  
Oral Carcinogenesis ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Oral carcinogenesis represents a multi-stage process which encompasses several genetic and molecular changes that promote the progression of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) to oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). A better understanding of critical pathways governing the progression of OMPDs to OSCCs is critical to improve oncologic outcomes in the future. Previous studies have identified an important role of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) in the invasiveness of oral cancer cell lines. Here, we investigate the expression of TNFα and TNFR1 in human OPMDs that progress to OSCC compared to non-progressing OPMDs utilizing fluorescent immunohistochemistry (FIHC) to show increased TNFα/TNFR1 expression in progressing OPMDs. In order to interrogate the TNFα/TNFR1 signaling pathway, we utilized a 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4-NQO) mouse model of oral carcinogenesis to demonstrate that TNFα/TNFR1 expression is upregulated in 4-NQO-induced OSCCs. TNFα neutralization decreased serum cytokines, inhibited the development of invasive lesions and reduced tumor-associated neutrophils in vivo. Combined, this data supports the role of TNFα in oral malignant transformation, suggesting that critical immunoregulatory events occur downstream of TNFR1 leading to malignant transformation. Our results advance the understanding of the mechanisms governing OSCC invasion and may serve as a basis for alternative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to OPMDs and OSCC management.

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