scholarly journals Dermatological Manifestations of COVID-19: A Brief Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsimran Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
National Level ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Proven Case ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Dermatological Side Effects

AbstractThe emphasis so far during the COVID-19 pandemic has been on the respiratory manifestations with little attention being paid to cutaneous manifestations. The novel coronavirus has a wide spectrum of cutaneous manifestations which are broadly divided into exanthematous and vasculopathic type of lesions. The effects of this novel virus on the integumentary system cannot be underestimated as it can mimic various types of viral skin lesions. Thus, dermatologists should have knowledge about COVID-19 disease presentations and which differential diagnosis to consider if they encounter skin lesions in a patient who is known or suspected to have COVID-19. Patient evaluation and workup also needs to be modified during the time of this pandemic. Immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory drugs which are rampantly used in dermatological practice, must be used only after weighing their risks and benefits during the COVID-19 era. Personal Protective Equipment has to be worn when coming in contact with a suspected or a proven case of COVID-19. However, its use itself is associated with dermatological side effects which should be known to dermatologist practising during the COVID-19 era. Teledermatology can go a long way in circumventing these issues and it should be made more accessible, especially in remote areas. Another future recommendation could be setting up of a national level organization or group for recording dermatological data related to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Cutaneous manifestations in children with the new coronavirus infection COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
O. B. Tamrazova ◽  
A. S. Stadnikova ◽  
E. V. Rudikova
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Cutaneous Manifestations ◽  
Skin Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In late 2019, a new viral infection appeared in China, which spread around the world, causing a pandemic. The causative agent of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The review presents modern data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and course of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children. Chinese, American and European scientists have described a variety of cutaneous manifestations in children with COVID-19. The article provides a literature review of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 coronavirus infection in children. During our own observation of 301 patients with coronavirus infection COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 at the Bashlyaevs Children Hospital in Moscow from May 17 to November 16, 2020, it was revealed that 39 (13 %) patients had skin manifestations. The article presents a classification of skin manifestations characteristic of COVID-19. A brief description of each group is given.

scholarly journals COVID-19: update of the Italian situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 834-837
Author(s):  
Carla Prezioso ◽  
Valeria Pietropaolo
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Italian Territory

AbstractOn the March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic. The first cases in Italy were reported on January 30, 2020, and quickly the number of cases escalated. On March 20, 2020, according to the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) and National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT), the peak of COVID-19 cases reported in Italy reached the highest number, surpassing those in China. The Italian government endorsed progressively restrictive measures initially at the local level, and finally, at the national level with a lockdown of the entire Italian territory up to 3 May 2020. The complete Italian territory closing slowed down the contagion. This review retraces the main numbers of the pandemic in Italy. Although in decline, the new reported cases remain high in the northern regions. Since drugs or vaccines are still not available, the described framework highlights the importance of the containment measures to be able to quickly identify all the potential transmission hotspots and keep control subsequent epidemic waves of COVID-19.

COVID-19 Illness: Mother–Baby Separation, Viruses, and Breastfeeding

2020 ◽  
pp. CLINLACT-D-20-00008
Author(s):  
Dena Duran ◽  
Jarold T. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

ObjectivesSome hospitals have instituted separation of mothers and their newborn(s) when SARS-CoV-2 is suspected or confirmed in the mother. Limited data are available for SARS-CoV-2 vertical transmission, including studies on breast milk. This article looks at SARS CoV-2 case studies and data to date as well as prior pertinent research.MethodsInformal searches of PUBMED, CINAHL and Ovid Emcare were used to identify early reports of vertical transmissions of the novel Coronavirus, case reports, and population based reports of early evolving protocols and their outcomes. As this is a novel virus the authors used previously identified anti-infectivity and antiviral mechanisms of human milk on other similar viruses to guide analysis. Further this article reviewed the well established literature regarding the risks of undue infant separation which negatively affect nearly every aspect of infant and maternal health.ResultsInformal searches conducted in the spring and early summer of 2020 identified 14 early reports attempting to analyze the initial and evolving global response to SARS-CoV-2 and the effects of the virus on the maternal-infant dyad.ConclusionThe feasibility of single-family rooms and support for breastfeeding as an alternative approach that addresses many of the risks favorably and reduces economic cost, both in lifetime disease burden and direct care are discussed. Initial reports seem to indicate that immediate separation of the mother from her newborn is likely to increase the risk to both mother and infant.

scholarly journals Male fertility concerns during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Sutapa Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Biases ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Male Reproductive Health ◽  
The Impact

Since its incidence in December 2019, the novel coronavirus, named “Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2” (SARS-CoV-2), has undergone excessively rapid human-to-human transmission throughout the globe and remains still unabated. The worldwide uncontrolled expansion of the disease coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pursued the World Health Organization to declare it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. The untiring efforts of scientists, clinicians, and researchers have increased our awareness about the pathophysiology of COVID-19 although much of it is shrouded with ambiguity. The wide spectrum of the disease in terms of severity, mortality, age and gender biases, physiological manifestations, and responses adds up to the complications. Of particular concern is the impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive health and fertility outcomes. The present article discusses some of the emerging multiple facets rendering the male reproductive system vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or associated pathological mechanisms.

scholarly journals Use of the informational spectrum methodology for rapid biological analysis of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prediction of potential receptor, natural reservoir, tropism and therapeutic/vaccine target

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Veljkovic ◽  
Júlia Vergara-Alert ◽  
Joaquim Segalés ◽  
Slobodan Paessler
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Vaccine Target ◽  
Putative Receptor ◽  
Pandemic Threat ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Actin Protein

A novel coronavirus recently identified in Wuhan, China (2019-nCoV) has expanded the number of highly pathogenic coronaviruses affecting humans. The 2019-nCoV represents a potential epidemic or pandemic threat, which requires a quick response for preparedness against this infection. The present report uses the informational spectrum methodology to identify the possible origin and natural host of the new virus, as well as putative therapeutic and vaccine targets. The performed in silico analysis indicates that the newly emerging 2019-nCoV is closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and, to a lesser degree, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. Moreover, the well-known SARS-CoV receptor (ACE2) might be a putative receptor for the novel virus as well. Actin protein was also suggested as a host factor that participates in cell entry and pathogenesis of 2019-nCoV; therefore, drugs modulating biological activity of this protein (e.g. ibuprofen) were suggested as potential candidates for treatment of this viral infection. Additional results indicated that civets and poultry are potential candidates for the natural reservoir of the 2019-nCoV, and that domain 288-330 of S1 protein from the 2019-nCoV represents promising therapeutic and/or vaccine target.

scholarly journals Use of the informational spectrum methodology for rapid biological analysis of the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV: prediction of potential receptor, natural reservoir, tropism and therapeutic/vaccine target

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veljko Veljkovic ◽  
Júlia Vergara-Alert ◽  
Joaquim Segalés ◽  
Slobodan Paessler
Keyword(s):  
Present Report ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Natural Reservoir ◽  
Vaccine Target ◽  
Putative Receptor ◽  
Pandemic Threat ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Actin Protein

A novel coronavirus recently identified in Wuhan, China (SARS-CoV-2) has expanded the number of highly pathogenic coronaviruses affecting humans. The SARS-CoV-2 represents a potential epidemic or pandemic threat, which requires a quick response for preparedness against this infection. The present report uses the informational spectrum methodology to identify the possible origin and natural host of the new virus, as well as putative therapeutic and vaccine targets. The performed in silico analysis indicates that the newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV and, to a lesser degree, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV. Moreover, the well-known SARS-CoV receptor (ACE2) might be a putative receptor for the novel virus as well. Actin protein was also suggested as a host factor that participates in cell entry and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2; therefore, drugs modulating biological activity of this protein (e.g. ibuprofen) were suggested as potential candidates for treatment of this viral infection. Additional results indicated that civets and poultry are potential candidates for the natural reservoir of the SARS-CoV-2, and that domain 288-330 of S1 protein from the SARS-CoV-2 represents promising therapeutic and/or vaccine target.

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of A CRISPR-based Diagnostic For 2019-novel Coronavirus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tieying Hou ◽  
Weiqi Zeng ◽  
Minling Yang ◽  
Wenjing Chen ◽  
Lili Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Copy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
High Degree

BackgroundThe recent outbreak of infections by the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), the third zoonotic CoV has raised great public health concern. The demand for rapid and accurate diagnosis of this novel pathogen brought significant clinical and technological challenges. Currently, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) are the most widely used molecular diagnostics for 2019-nCoV.Methods2019-nCoV infections were confirmed in 52 specimens by mNGS. Genomic information was analyzed and used for the design and development of an isothermal, CRISPR-based diagnostic for the novel virus. The diagnostic performance of CRISPR-nCoV was assessed and also compared across three technology platforms (mNGS, RT-PCR and CRISPR)Results2019-nCoVs sequenced in our study were conserved with the Wuhan strain, and shared certain genetic similarity with SARS-CoV. A high degree of variation in the level of viral RNA was observed in clinical specimens. CRISPR-nCoV demonstrated a near single-copy sensitivity and great clinical sensitivity with a shorter turn-around time than RT-PCR.ConclusionCRISPR-nCoV presents as a promising diagnostic option for the emerging pathogen.

scholarly journals TLR9 and COVID-19: A Multidisciplinary Theory of a Multifaceted Therapeutic Target

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillina F. G. Bezemer ◽  
Johan Garssen
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Medical Need ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
First Time

By mapping the clinical pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) against insights from virology, immunology, genomics, epidemiology and pharmacology, it is here proposed that the pathogen recognition receptor called toll like receptor 9 (TLR9) might have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, is causing the greatest global social and economic disruption since world war II. Lack of a vaccine, lack of successful treatment and limitations of the healthcare workforce and resources needed to safeguard patients with severe COVID-19 on the edge of life, demands radical preventive measures. It is urgently needed to identify biomarkers and drug candidates so that vulnerable individuals can be recognized early and severe multi-organ complications can be prevented or dampened. The TLR9 COVID-19 hypothesis describes a mechanism of action that could explain a wide spectrum of manifestations observed in patients with severe COVID-19. The introduced hypothesis proposes biomarkers for identification of vulnerable individuals and positions TLR9 as a promising multifaceted intervention target for prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19. TLR9 agonists might have value as prophylactic vaccine adjuvants and therapeutic immune stimulators at the early onset of disease. Additionally, in this current manuscript it is proposed for the first time that TLR9 could be considered as a target of “inhibition” aimed to dampen hyperinflammation and thrombotic complications in vulnerable patients that are at risk of developing late stages of COVID-19. The readily availability of TLR9 modulating drug candidates that have reached clinical testing for other disorders could favor a fast track development scenario, an important advantage under the current high unmet medical need circumstances regarding COVID-19.

scholarly journals Two complementary model-based methods for calculating the risk of international spreading of a novel virus from the outbreak epicentre. The case of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Massad ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Annelies Wilder-Smith ◽  
Paulo Cesar Costa dos Santos ◽  
Claudio Jose Struchiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Endemic Country ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Autochthonous Case ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract We present two complementary model-based methods for calculating the risk of international spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 from the outbreak epicentre. One model aims to calculate the number of cases that would be exported from an endemic country to disease-free regions by travellers. The second model calculates the probability that an infected traveller will generate at least one secondary autochthonous case in the visited country. Although this paper focuses on the data from China, our methods can be adapted to calculate the risk of importation and subsequent outbreaks. We found an average R0 = 5.31 (ranging from 4.08 to 7.91) and a risk of spreading of 0.75 latent individuals per 1000 travellers. In addition, one infective traveller would be able to generate at least one secondary autochthonous case in the visited country with a probability of 23%.

scholarly journals Time from Symptom Onset to Hospitalisation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Cases: Implications for the Proportion of Transmissions from Infectors with Few Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin N. Thompson ◽  
Francesca A. Lovell-Read ◽  
Uri Obolski
Keyword(s):  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

Interventions targeting symptomatic hosts and their contacts were successful in bringing the 2003 SARS pandemic under control. In contrast, the COVID-19 pandemic has been harder to contain, partly because of its wide spectrum of symptoms in infectious hosts. Current evidence suggests that individuals can transmit the novel coronavirus while displaying few symptoms. Here, we show that the proportion of infections arising from hosts with few symptoms at the start of an outbreak can, in combination with the basic reproduction number, indicate whether or not interventions targeting symptomatic hosts are likely to be effective. However, as an outbreak continues, the proportion of infections arising from hosts with few symptoms changes in response to control measures. A high proportion of infections from hosts with few symptoms after the initial stages of an outbreak is only problematic if the rate of new infections remains high. Otherwise, it can simply indicate that symptomatic transmissions are being prevented successfully. This should be considered when interpreting estimates of the extent of transmission from hosts with few COVID-19 symptoms.

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