scholarly journals Comparison of Hyoid Bone Position in Skeletal Class I Subjects with Varying Growth Patterns: A Cephalometric Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Kaur Bhullar ◽  
Nikita Gupta ◽  
Sanjay Mittal ◽  
Isha Aggarwal ◽  
Tanzin Palkit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Class I ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Abstract Introduction Hyoid bone plays a significant role in physiological functions of craniofacial region, and its position adapts to changes of the head posture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hyoid bone position among skeletal Class I subjects with various growth patterns. Materials and Methods 90 subjects of north Indian origin, aged between 16 to 30 years, having skeletal class I relation were selected for the study. Subjects were then subdivided into three groups, that is, Group I (n = 30; normodivergent), Group II (n = 30; hypodivergent) and Group III (n = 30; hyperdivergent), based on their vertical growth pattern. Lateral cephalograms were traced and analyzed manually for evaluation of hyoid bone position. Result  The sagittal position of the hyoid bone shows no significant difference with varying growth patterns. The vertical relation G-C3Chor distance showed significant difference in hypodivergent subjects. The axial inclination of the hyoid bone showed no significant difference between different growth patterns. Conclusion The anteroposterior position of the hyoid bone does not change with different growth patterns in skeletal class I subjects. The G-C3Chor distance was found to be statistically significant when the three groups were compared.

scholarly journals Angular Relationship between Frankfort Horizontal Plane and Sella-Nasion Plane in Nepalese Orthodontic Patients: A Cephalometric Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Jamal Giri ◽  
Prabhat Ranjan Pokharel ◽  
Rajesh Gyawali
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Plane ◽  
Class I ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cephalometric Study ◽  
Frankfort Horizontal Plane

Introduction: The angle between Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane and Sella-Nasion (SN) plane is considered to be 7°. Various studies have shown that the FH-SN angulations could vary; which can affect cephalometric diagnosis.Objective: To determine average FH-SN angle for a group of Nepalese orthodontic patients. The secondary objectives were to assess whether the FH-SN angle exhibits sexual dimorphism and to evaluate the FH-SN angle in different skeletal relationships.Materials & Method: Lateral cephalograms of 238 orthodontic patients were hand traced and the angle between the FH and SN plane was measured and recorded. The cephalograms were also classified as skeletal Class I, II or III cases using Wits appraisal.Result: The average FH-SN angle was 6.71° ± 3.13°. FH-SN angle was greater in female samples compared to males. However, the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, the ANOVA analysis revealed no significant difference between FH-SN angles in different skeletal relationships.Conclusion: The average FH-SN angle for a group of Nepalese orthodontic patients was 6.71° ± 3.13°. There was no statistically significant difference in FH-SN angle between skeletal Class I, II and III relationships

Growth Pattern in Skeletal Class I Malocclusion: A Cephalometric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Sujal Amatya ◽  
Rabindra Man Shrestha ◽  
Shristi Napit
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Class I ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Growth Modification ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Introduction: Great emphasis has been given to the evaluation of sagittal apical base relationship in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The prediction of magnitude and direction of facial growth based on sagittal relationship will help in orthodontic treatment with growth modification. The objective of the study is to assess the growth pattern in skeletal Class I malocclusion. Materials and Method: 104 subjects (52 male and 52 female) with the age between 18-30 years with Class I skeletal relation was selected from lateral cephalograms of patients visiting the Department of Orthodontics, Kantipur Dental College. The ANB angle was measured to assess the sagittal jaw relationship and the Jarabak’s ratio to access the growth pattern. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each parameter. Pearson’s test was done to evaluate the correlation between the parameters. Independent t-test was done to compare Anterior Facial height (AFH), Posterior Facial Height (PFH) and Jarabak’s ratio between male and female subjects. Result: Among the total subjects with skeletal Class I malocclusion; hyperdivergent growth pattern was least (10.57%), followed by normodivergent (18.26%) and hypodivergent growth pattern (71.15%). Mean Jarabak’s ratio for hyperdivergent, normodivergent and hypodivergent growth pattern were 58.65±1.94, 63.98±0.85 and 69.98±4.13 respectively. Very strong correlation was found between AFH and PFH in hyperdivergent (r = 0.821) and normodivergent group (r =0.978). Strong correlation was found in hypodivergent group between AFH and PFH (r =0.743). Also, strong correlation was found in hypodivergent group between PFH and Jarabak’s ratio (r =0.643). Conclusion: Hypodivergent growth pattern was the dominant growth pattern in skeletal Class I malocclusion. PFH influenced the determination of Jarabak’s ratio more than the AFH in hypodivergent growth pattern. Hypodivergent growth pattern is correlated with large SNB angle.

scholarly journals Comparison of Cervical Vertebral Body Volume in Class II Vertical and Class II Horizontal Cases With Class I Cases Using 3D-DVT

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-337
Author(s):  
Hamza Saifuddin Dargahwala ◽  
Pallavi Daigavane ◽  
Vausdevan SD ◽  
Ranjit Kamble ◽  
Sunita Shrivastav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Class I ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Reference Structure ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cervical Vertebral Body

The branch of orthodontics has had an interest in the cervical vertebrae wherein cervical spine is used as a reference structure for natural head position, so skeletal age was evaluated by studying variations in the cervical vertebral morphologies. Among all evaluations, very limited data is available wherein comparison between cervical vertebral body volumes between the different malocclusions has been done. This study aimed to compare the differences in the volumes of cervical vertebral bodies of C2, C3, and C4 between skeletal class I and class II malocclusions of both horizontal and vertical growth patterns. In class I the volume was significantly lesser as compared to class II. It was seen that there was statistically no significant difference in the volume between the horizontal and vertical growers. It can be concluded from this study that cervical vertebral body volume has no effect on growth pattern. However, variations in cervical vertebral body volume are seen with different malocclusions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the position and morphology of tongue and hyoid bone in skeletal Class II malocclusion based on cone beam computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wener Chen ◽  
HungEn Mou ◽  
Yufen Qian ◽  
Liwen Qian
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Average Angle

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to analyze the morphology and position of the tongue and hyoid bone in skeletal Class II patients with different vertical growth patterns by cone beam computed tomography in comparison to skeletal Class I patients. Methods Ninety subjects with malocclusion were divided into skeletal Class II and Class I groups by ANB angles. Based on different vertical growth patterns, subjects in each group were divided into 3 subgroups: high-angle group (MP-FH ≥ 32.0°), average-angle group (22.0° ≤ MP-FH < 32°) and low-angle group (MP-FH < 22°). The position and morphology of the tongue and hyoid bone were evaluated in the cone beam computed tomography images. The independent Student’s t‐test was used to compare the position and morphology of the tongue and hyoid bone between skeletal Class I and Class II groups. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the measurement indexes of different vertical facial patterns in each group. Results Patients in skeletal Class II group had lower tongue posture, and the tongue body was smaller than that of those in the Class I group (P < 0.05). The position of the hyoid bone was lower in the skeletal Class II group than in Class I group (P < 0.05). The tongue length and H-Me in the skeletal Class I group with a low angle were significantly larger than those with an average angle and high angle (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the position or morphology of the tongue and hyoid bone in the skeletal Class II group with different vertical facial patterns (P > 0.05). Conclusion Patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion have lower tongue posture, a smaller tongue body, and greater occurrence of posterior inferior hyoid bone position than skeletal Class I patients. The length of the mandibular body in skeletal Class I patients with a horizontal growth type is longer. The position and morphology of the tongue and hyoid bone were not greatly affected by vertical facial development in skeletal Class II patients.

Vertical Proportion of the Face: A Cephalometric study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Rajiv Yadav ◽  
Kishor Dutta ◽  
Nabin Gosain ◽  
Anil K Yadav ◽  
Neelam Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Class I ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Horizontal Growth ◽  
Vertical Growth Pattern

Introduction: Balance in vertical facial proportion is an important criteria for good esthetics. Variations in vertical growth are common and have certain orthodontic implications. The objectives of this study were to determine mean upper anterior facial height and lower anterior facial height, ratio between UAFH to LAFH and their difference among genders in skeletal Class I patients with different vertical growth pattern among patients visiting department of Orthodontic and Dentofacial orthopedics, Tribhuvan University Dental Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Materials and Method: This study was descriptive observational cross sectional study with 105 sample aged from 18-25 years. Pretreatment cephalometric radiograph of Skeletal Class I patients were taken and divided into three growth patterns as group I (normal growth pattern), group II (horizontal growth pattern ) and group III (vertical growth pattern ). Upper anterior facial height (N-ANS) and lower anterior facial height (ANS-Me) of all samples were measured on lateral cephalogram with cephalometric tracing ruler parallel to true vertical line. Descriptive statistics was used to calculate mean, minimum, and maximum values standard deviations with p value <0.05. Result: The upper anterior facial height (UAFH) and lower anterior facial height (LAFH) measurements in normal growth pattern was 52.37 and 64.4 , in horizontal growth pattern was 53.0 and 62.2, in vertical growth pattern was 53.37 and 64.42 respectively. The mean ratio of upper and lower anterior facial height in normal, horizontal and vertical growth pattern was 0.81, 0.85 and 0.79 respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in upper and lower facial heights between males and females. There was no statistically significant difference in UAFH between normal, horizontal and vertical growth pattern but statistically significant difference was observed in LAFH between groups. Conclusion: The cephalometric values for different vertical groups in skeletal class I can be used more specifically for diagnosis and treatment planning of Nepali population.

scholarly journals Mandibular symphysis morphology and lower incisor angulation in different anteroposterior jaw relationships and skeletal growth patterns – a cephalometric study

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Sandhya Jain ◽  
Prateek Puniyani ◽  
Arwa Saifee
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Class I ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Mandibular Symphysis ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Cephalometric Study

Objective. The purpose of the present study was to assess the symphyseal morphology and lower incisor angulation in different anteroposterior relationship and in different growth patterns and to investigate whether the symphyseal morphology had any correlation with dentofacial parameters. Method. Random Sampling method and lateral cephalograms of 90 subjects, age group 16-30 years, were divided into 30 in each group, i.e. Class I, Class II & Class III after calculating the following parameters (ANB angle, wits appraisal). After that, groups were again divided into 10 in each subgroup i.e. Average, Horizontal and Vertical growers. Results. Results showed the increase in actual symphysis width, inclination of the alveolar part, total height of symphysis and reduction in overall width along with retroclination of lower incisors in class III subjects as compared to class I and class II. Similarly actual and overall width of the symphysis were decreased and inclination of the alveolar part, symphyseal height and symphyseal ratio were increased in vertical growers. Conclusion. The dimensions and configuration of Mandibular Symphysis in class III was found to be different than those in Class I and Class II relationships; the alveolar part of Mandibular Symphyseal compensated for the skeletal relationship in the Class III pattern. Mandibualr Symphysis dimensions were strongly correlated to anterior facial dimensions. Similarly the dimensions and configuration of Mandibular Symphysis was also different in vertical growers as compared to horizontal and average growers, moreover symphyseal morphology and lower incisor angulation had a correlation with dentofacial parameters.

Comparison of the Craniofacial Characteristics of Two Syndromes Associated with the Pierre Robin Sequence

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Glander ◽  
George J. Cisneros
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Robin Sequence ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathia ◽  
Craniofacial Characteristics

The craniofacial characteristics of two syndromes commonly associated with Robin sequence were compared for 49 subjects. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed for four groupings: Group I—Stickler syndrome with versus without Robin, Group II—velocardlofacial (VCF) syndrome with versus without Robin, Group III—Stickler without Robin compared to VCF without Robin, and Group IV—Stickler with Robin compared to VCF with Robin. Thirty-two skeletal and 18 soft tissue measurements were compared. In Group I, three skeletal measurements were significantly different (SNA, SNB, and SNPg). In Group II, no significant difference was found for any of the 50 measurements. In Group III, a significant difference was demonstrated for seven parameters (one skeletal, six pharyngeal and airway). In Group IV, two skeletal and eight airway measures were significantly different. The findings Indicate that the relative maxillary and mandibular retrognathia observed in Stickler/Robin patients may predispose them to the Robin sequence and vice versa; the Robin features In VCF may be caused by hypotonia rather than any craniofacial or physical obstruction of the airway; Stickler and VCF are similar in craniofacial morphology but show marked differences in pharyngeal and airway morphology; and cephalometrics should not be the sole prognosticator of the Robin sequence and Its association with Stickler and VCF.

scholarly journals Assessment of Skeletal Class I Subjects of Uttarakhand using Beta Angle

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Dhananjay Rathod ◽  
GP Rathod ◽  
Pankaj Rathod ◽  
Gazal Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Class I ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Beta Angle ◽  
Pre Treatment

Objective: To evaluate and establish the norms for Class I subjects of Uttarakhand population using the beta angle.Materials & Method: The sample included pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 100 subjects aged 18-30 years belonging to Uttarakhand ethnicity and possessing skeletal Class I malocclusion with pleasing profile. Beta angle measurement was performed and compared with Caucasian standards.Result: No statistically significant difference was found in the beta angle values of Uttarakhand and Caucasian populations. Beta angle norms for Caucasian population can be applied for the Uttarakhand population.Conclusion: Beta angle is relatively a stable parameter in population with different ethnicities. 

scholarly journals Position of the Hyoid Bone in Anteroposterior Skeletal Patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Rabia Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Pharyngeal Airway ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. Hyoid bone plays a vital role in the craniofacial dynamics. From the maintenance of pharyngeal airway to phonation, deglutition, and mandibular movements, it has multifactorial roles to fulfill. The hyoid bone has a spatial relationship with cranial base, mandible, and cervical vertebrae. This study was performed to determine the position of the hyoid bone in different anteroposterior growth patterns. Materials and Methods. 75 lateral cephalograms belonging to all three sagittal skeletal patterns were evaluated in the study. The angular and linear measurements using 10 variables were made to determine the relationship of the hyoid bone with different craniofacial structures. SPSS was used to calculate the descriptive statistics, mean, and standard deviation of all the linear and angular variables. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc test were used to compare the means of linear and angular measurement and multiple comparisons, respectively, at p < 0.05 significance level. Results. There was no significant difference in the mean angular measurements (NSH and MPH) between the 3 groups ( p > 0.05 ). Also, the multiple comparisons showed no significant difference between the linear measurements (H-FH, H-MP, H-H′, and H-N). However, there was a significant difference in three linear measurements: H-Rgn, RGN-C3, and C3-H. The values were more in class III subjects, compared to class I and class II. Conclusion. The linear millimetric distance between points H-RGN, RGN-C3, and C3-H which determine the relationship and spatial position of the hyoid bone with the mandible and third cervical vertebrae was statistically significant among groups. The values were more in class III subjects inferring the anterior position of the hyoid bone.

scholarly journals Evaluation in Arch Width Variations among Different Skeletal Patterns in District Solan Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Isha Aggarwal ◽  
Sumit Chhatwalia ◽  
Sanjay Mittal ◽  
Mandeep Bhullar ◽  
Divya Singla
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Dental Arch ◽  
Facial Growth ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Group I ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Alveolar Arch

Abstract Introduction The facial growth pattern differs from individual to individual, and the variations in it are quite high. The assessment of relationship of dental arch dimensions with the facial growth pattern is essential for proper diagnosis and treatment planning. Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the dental and alveolar arch widths in patients with varying facial growth patterns in Distt. Solan population. Materials and Methods Pretreatment lateral cephalograms and dental study models of 45 patients with age group between 16 and 30 years were included in the study. Patients were divided into three groups: group I (normodivergent), group II (hypodivergent), and group III (hyperdivergent) on the basis of y-axis, Jarabak ratio, and SN-MP (Sella-Nasion–mandibular plane) angle. Interpremolar and intermolar dental and alveolar arch widths were measured and compared for all the three groups. Results The results showed that the dental and alveolar arch widths were increased in hypodivergent patients and decreased in hyperdivergent patients, which was not statistically significant. Conclusion It was concluded that the dental and alveolar arch dimensions increased as the facial pattern became horizontal.

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