scholarly journals Vitamin D Deficiency in Brazil: Questions about Potential Causes and Clinical Characteristics*

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 026-032
Author(s):  
Fabrícia Belloni dos Santos Vieira ◽  
Ana Paula Morguete Ferreira ◽  
Felipe Rezende Giacomelli ◽  
Lívia Gonçalves de Lima ◽  
Thiago Santos Hirose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Classical Function

AbstractVitamin D is a micronutrient essential to various systems from the human body, and it is not restricted to the classical function of bone mineralization. Its synthesis is mainly related to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation exposure. Although Brazil is a tropical country with high levels of UVB radiation, counter-intuitively, a large number of Brazilians present vitamin D deficiency, which is also a worldwide issue. This review aims to approach clinical features and explore potential causes for this apparent contradiction through questions that could explain vitamin D deficiency in the Brazilian population.

scholarly journals SUN-099 Seasonal Variations of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D3, Parathyroid Hormone, and Alkaline Phosphatase in School-Aged Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Alfonso Dominguez Menendez ◽  
Helena Poggi Mayorga ◽  
Rosario Moore ◽  
Ivonne D’Apremont ◽  
Monica Arancibia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Uvb Radiation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Aged Children

Abstract BACKGROUND: The central role of Vitamin D is the homeostasis of calcium and phosphorus, affecting bone metabolism directly. The principal source of Vitamin D is the synthesis by the skin in response to its exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. The synthesis of vitamin D by the skin is affected by different factors such as age, pigmentation, use of sunscreen, and clothing. The low sun exposure, especially in extreme latitudes, is associated with a more frequent prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Objective: To determine if there are variances in 25-OH-VitaminD3 concentration throughout the season in school-aged children and their relationship with PTH, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and calcium, and its association with UVB radiation. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 5–8 years old children without vitamin D supplementation. All subjects were recruited in Santiago de Chile (latitude 32°55’ to 34°19’ south) during different seasons of the year, and underwent a complete physical examination, measures of height, weight, and BMI, and biochemical analysis, including 25-OH-VitaminD3 (by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry), PTH, AP, and calcium. UVB radiation measures obtained from the Chilean Meteorological Service’s database. Results: A total of one hundred thirty-three children were recruited (summer = 41, autumn = 28, winter = 35, spring = 29). No differences in sex, age, height-SDS, and BMI-SDS were found between the groups. 25-OH-VitaminD3 mean difference was significative comparing summer with winter (9.6 ng/mL, p <0.0001), autumn (6.9 ng/mL, p <0.001), and spring (5.4 ng/mL, p <0.01). No difference was observed in calcium concentration. AP and PTH mean difference also was significative comparing summer with winter (AP -47.5 IU/L, p <0.01; PTH -11.1 pg/mL, p <0.0001), autumn (AP -54.7 IU/L, p <0.01; PTH -8.3 pg/mL, p <0.001) and spring (AP -49.9 IU/L, p <0.05; PTH -10.8 pg/mL, p <0.0001). Vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and sufficiency status showed a seasonal variation (Pearson’s χ2 (6) = 36.6, p <0.001). Sufficiency percentage was higher in summer (51.2%) compared with autumn (10.7%, Odd ratio= 8.7, 95% CI= 2.5 to 30.0, p=0.0007) and winter (8.6%, Odd ratio= 11.2, 95% CI= 3.2 to 38.0, p<0.0001) 25-OH-VitaminD3 showed an inverse correlation with PTH concentration (r= -0.383, R2= 0.15, p <0.0001), and in turn, PTH was directly correlated to AP (r= 0.240, R2= 0.06, p= 0.006). 25-OH-VitaminD3 concentration was directly related to the UV index (r= 0.531, R2= 0.28, p <0.0001) Conclusion: 25-OH-VitaminD3 concentration decrease significatively during autumn and specially during winter, associated to an increase in PTH and AP increase, but not a change in calcium concentration. During the darker months, the reduction of UVB radiation seems to be related to the decrease of 25-OH-VitaminD3 concentration, increasing the percentage of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency status.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Intoxication - A concern either way

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
Muzafar Maqsood Wani ◽  
Imtiaz Ahmed Wani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Bone Turnover ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Normal Blood ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Biologic Function

Major biologic function of activated vitamin D is to maintain normal blood levels of calcium and phosphorus, thus regulating bone mineralization. Research suggests that vitamin D may help in immunomodulation, regulating cell growth and 1,4 differentiation as well as some diverse unspecified functions. Overt vitamin D deficiency leads to hypocalcaemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism and increased bone turnover, which in prolonged and severe cases may cause rickets in children and osteomalacia in elderly.... JMS 2011;14(2):40-42

scholarly journals Could age increase the strength of inverse association between ultraviolet B exposure and colorectal cancer?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Lakshmi Purushothaman ◽  
Raphael E. Cuomo ◽  
Cedric F. Garland ◽  
Timothy K. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Crude Incidence ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Uvb Exposure

Abstract Background Vitamin D has been identified as a potential protective factor in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). We expect to see a stronger association of ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure and CRC crude rates with increasing age since chronic vitamin D deficiency leads to sustained molecular changes that increase cancer risk. The DINOMIT (disjunction, initiation, natural selection, overgrowth, metastasis, involution, and transition) model postulates various stages of cancer development due to vitamin D deficiency and the associated latency period. The purpose of this study is to examine this age-dependent inverse relationship globally. Methods In this ecological study, a series of linear and polynomial regression tests were performed between country-specific UVB estimates adjusted for cloud cover and crude incidence rates of CRC for different age groups. Multiple linear regression was used to investigate the association between crude incidence rates of colorectal cancer and UVB estimate adjusting for urbanization, skin pigmentation, smoking, animal consumption, per capita GDP, and life expectancy. Statistical analysis was followed by geospatial visualization by producing choropleth maps. Results The inverse relationship between UVB exposure and CRC crude rates was stronger in older age groups at the country level. Quadratic curve fitting was preferred, and these models were statistically significant for all age groups. The inverse association between crude incidence rates of CRC and UVB exposure was statistically significant for age groups above 45 years, after controlling for covariates. Conclusion The age-dependent inverse association between UVB exposure and incidence of colorectal cancer exhibits a greater effect size among older age groups in global analyses. Studying the effect of chronic vitamin D deficiency on colorectal cancer etiology will help in understanding the necessity for population-wide screening programs for vitamin D deficiency, especially in regions with inadequate UVB exposure. Further studies are required to assess the need for adequate public health programs such as selective supplementation and food fortification.

scholarly journals The State of Knowledge about Nutrition Sources of Vitamin D, Its Role in the Human Body, and Necessity of Supplementation among Parents in Central Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zadka ◽  
Ewelina Pałkowska-Goździk ◽  
Danuta Rosołowska-Huszcz
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Education Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

The percentage of children with vitamin D deficiency in Poland is alarming. The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge about sources of food and the function of vitamin D, as well as the frequency of its supplementation. A survey was conducted among the parents of children from Central Poland attending primary schools, and a questionnaire containing mainly open-ended questions was used to collect the data. Most mothers knew at least one of the functions of vitamin D in the body but had a low level of knowledge about its dietary sources. Only a small group of respondents supplemented themselves and their children with vitamin D. Statistically significant influences on the level of knowledge about the functions and sources of vitamin D were place of residence (i.e., better knowledge in the countryside) and mothers’ level of education (i.e., the better educated, the greater knowledge). In the case of monthly income level, such impact was observed only in relation to the knowledge of vitamin D functions. Concerning the frequency of supplementation, only maternal level of education had a statistically significant effect (i.e., the higher the education level, the higher the frequency of supplementation). In addition, mothers who were aware of functions of vitamin D and nutritional sources, significantly more frequently supplemented vitamin D.

Vitamin D in the Foot and Ankle: A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karan Malhotra ◽  
Paul J. Baggott ◽  
Julian Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Healing Bone

Background Vitamin D is an essential vitamin that targets several tissues and organs and plays an important role in calcium homeostasis. Vitamin D deficiency is common, particularly at higher latitudes, where there is reduced exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. We reviewed the role of vitamin D and its deficiency in foot and ankle pathology. Methods The effects of vitamin D deficiency have been extensively studied, but only a small portion of the literature has focused on the foot and ankle. Most evidence regarding the foot and ankle consists of retrospective studies, which cannot determine whether vitamin D deficiency is, in fact, the cause of the pathologies being investigated. Results The available evidence suggests that insufficient vitamin D levels may result in an increased incidence of foot and ankle fractures. The effects of vitamin D deficiency on fracture healing, bone marrow edema syndrome, osteochondral lesions of the talus, strength around the foot and ankle, tendon disorders, elective foot and ankle surgery, and other foot and ankle conditions are less clear. Conclusions Based on the available evidence, we cannot recommend routine testing or supplementation of vitamin D in patients with foot and ankle pathology. However, supplementation is cheap, safe, and may be of benefit in patients at high risk for deficiency. When vitamin D is supplemented, the evidence suggests that calcium should be co-supplemented. Further high-quality research is needed into the effect of vitamin D in the foot and ankle. Cost-benefit analyses of routine testing and supplementation of vitamin D for foot and ankle pathology are also required.

scholarly journals Which Environmental Factor Is Correlated with Long-Term Multiple Sclerosis Incidence Trends: Ultraviolet B Radiation or Geomagnetic Disturbances?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Seyed Aidin Sajedi ◽  
Fahimeh Abdollahi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbance ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Ultraviolet B Radiation ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Positive Correlations

Background. Insufficient received ultraviolet B radiation (UV) is regarded as the main environmental risk factor (RF) for MS in vitamin D deficiency hypothesis. Nevertheless, geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) has also been proposed as a potential trigger for MS in GMD hypothesis. The aim of this study was to investigate which of these mentioned RF is correlated with long-term ultradecadal MS incidence. Methods. After a systematic search, long-term incidence reports of the United Kingdom (UK), Denmark, Tayside County, Nordland County, the Orkney, and Shetland Islands were selected for this retrospective time-series study. Possible lead-lag relationships between MS incidence, GMD, and UV were evaluated by cross-correlation analysis. Results. Significant positive correlations between GMD and MS incidence were seen in Tayside County (at lag of 2 years: rS = 0.38), Denmark (peak correlation at lag of 2 years: rS = 0.53), and UK (at lag of 1 year: rS = 0.50). We found a positive correlation between received UV and MS incidences in the Nordland at lag of 1 year (rS = 0.49). Conclusion. This study found significant positive correlations between alterations in GMD with alterations in long-term MS incidence in three out of six studied locations and supports the GMD hypothesis. The observed significant correlation between MS and UV is positive; hence it is not supportive for UV related vitamin D deficiency hypothesis.

scholarly journals Nutrihealth Study: Seasonal Variation in Vitamin D Status Among the Slovenian Adult and Elderly Population

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maša Hribar ◽  
Hristo Hristov ◽  
Matej Gregorič ◽  
Urška Blaznik ◽  
Katja Zaletel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vitamin D Insufficiency ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Vitamin D Status

Several studies conducted around the world showed substantial vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency among different population groups. Sources of vitamin D in the human body include ultraviolet B (UVB)-light-induced biosynthesis and dietary intake, but people’s diets are often poor in vitamin D. Furthermore, in many regions, sun exposure and the intensity of UVB irradiation during wintertime are not sufficient for vitamin D biosynthesis. In Slovenia, epidemiological data about vitamin D status in the population were investigated through a national Nutrihealth study—an extension to the national dietary survey SI.Menu (2017/18). The study was conducted on a representative sample of 125 adult (18–64 years) and 155 elderly (65–74 years old) subjects, enrolled in the study in different seasons. Their vitamin D status was determined by measuring the serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration. Thresholds for vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were 25(OH)D levels below 30 and 50 nmol/L, respectively. Altogether, 24.9% of the adults and 23.5% of the elderly were found to be vitamin D deficient, while an insufficient status was found in 58.2% and 62.9%, respectively. A particularly concerning situation was observed during extended wintertime (November–April); vitamin D deficiency was found in 40.8% and 34.6%, and insufficient serum 25(OH)D levels were observed in 81.6% and 78.8%, respectively. The results of the study showed high seasonal variation in serum 25(OH)D levels in both the adult and elderly population, with deficiency being especially pronounced during wintertime. The prevalence of this deficiency in Slovenia is among the highest in Europe and poses a possible public health risk that needs to be addressed with appropriate recommendations and/or policy interventions.

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