scholarly journals Low-Cost Customized Cranioplasty with Polymethyl Methacrylate Using 3D Printer Generated Mold: An Institutional Experience and Review of Literature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Chaudhary ◽  
Virendra Deo Sinha ◽  
Sanjeev Chopra ◽  
Jitendra Shekhawat ◽  
Gaurav Jain
Keyword(s):  
Polymethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Skull Defects ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Cranioplasty is performed to repair skull defects and to restore normal skull anatomy. Optimal reconstruction remains a topic of debate. Autologous bone flap is the standard option but it may not be available due to traumatic bone fractures, bone infection, and resorption. The authors present their experience with prefabrication of precise and low-cost polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) mold using three-dimensional (3D) digital printing. Methods A total of 30 patients underwent cranioplasty between March 2017 and September 2019 at Sawai Man Singh Medical College Jaipur, India. Preoperative data included diagnosis for which decompressive craniectomy was done and Glasgow coma scale score. Intraoperative data included operating time. Postoperative data included cosmetic outcome in the form of cranial contour and margins, complications such as infection, seroma, implant failure, wound dehiscence, and hematoma. Results Patient age at cranioplasty ranged from 12 to 63 years with a mean age of 36.7 years. The mean operating time was 151.6 minutes (range 130–190 minutes). The mean follow-up period was 8 months (range 6–13 months). Postoperative wound dehiscence developed in one case (3.3%). Cranial contour and approximation of the margins were excellent and aesthetic appearance improved in all patients. Conclusion Low-cost PMMA implant made by digital 3D printer mold is associated with reconstruction of the deformed skull contour giving satisfactory results to the patient and his family members, at a low cost compared with other commercially available implants. This technique could be a breakthrough in cranioplasty.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Customized Cranioplasty with Polymethyl Methacrylate Using 3D Printer Generated Mold: An Institutional Experience and Review of Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Ankit Chaudhary ◽  
Virendra Deo Sinha ◽  
Sanjeev Chopra ◽  
Jitendra Shekhawat ◽  
Gaurav Jain
Keyword(s):  
Polymethyl Methacrylate ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wound Dehiscence ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Skull Defects ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Cranioplasty is performed to repair skull defects and to restore normal skull anatomy. Optimal reconstruction remains a topic of debate. Autologous bone flap is the standard option but it may not be available due to traumatic bone fractures, bone infection, and resorption. The authors present their experience with prefabrication of precise and low-cost polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) mold using three-dimensional (3D) digital printing. Methods A total of 30 patients underwent cranioplasty between March 2017 and September 2019 at Sawai Man Singh Medical College Jaipur, India. Preoperative data included diagnosis for which decompressive craniectomy was done and Glasgow coma scale score was observed. Intraoperative data included operating time. Postoperative data included cosmetic outcome in the form of cranial contour and margins, complications such as infection, seroma, implant failure, wound dehiscence, and hematoma. Results Patient age at cranioplasty ranged from 12 to 63 years with a mean age of 36.7 years. The mean operating time was 151.6 minutes (range 130–190 minutes). The mean follow-up period was 8 months (range 6–13 months). Postoperative wound dehiscence developed in one case (3.3%). Cranial contour and approximation of the margins were excellent and aesthetic appearance improved in all patients. Conclusion Low-cost PMMA implant made by digital 3D printer mold is associated with reconstruction of the deformed skull contour giving satisfactory results to the patient and his family members, at a low cost compared with other commercially available implants. This technique could be a breakthrough in cranioplasty.

scholarly journals Design and implementation of a three dimensions (3D) printer for modeling and pre-manufacturing applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4749
Author(s):  
Ghazi Qaryouti ◽  
Abdel Rahman Salbad ◽  
Sohaib A. Tamimi ◽  
Anwar Almofleh ◽  
Wael A. Salah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Overall Design ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Manufacturing Applications ◽  
Functional Components

The three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies represent a revolution in the manufacturing sector due to their unique characteristics. These printers arecapable to increase the productivitywithlower complexity in addition tothe reduction inmaterial waste as well the overall design cost prior large scalemanufacturing.However, the applications of 3D printing technologies for the manufacture of functional components or devices remain an almost unexplored field due to their high complexity. In this paper the development of 3D printing technologies for the manufacture of functional parts and devices for different applications is presented. The use of 3D printing technologies in these applicationsis widelyused in modelingdevices usually involves expensive materials such as ceramics or compounds. The recent advances in the implementation of 3D printing with the use of environmental friendly materialsin addition to the advantages ofhighperformance and flexibility. The design and implementation of relatively low-cost and efficient 3D printer is presented. The developed prototype was successfully operated with satisfactory operated as shown from the printed samples shown.

scholarly journals A Printable Device for Measuring Clarity and Colour in Lake and Nearshore Waters

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brewin ◽  
Thomas Brewin ◽  
Joseph Phillips ◽  
Sophie Rose ◽  
Anas Abdulaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secchi Depth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Satellite Validation ◽  
Wide Range

Two expanding areas of science and technology are citizen science and three-dimensional (3D) printing. Citizen science has a proven capability to generate reliable data and contribute to unexpected scientific discovery. It can put science into the hands of the citizens, increasing understanding, promoting environmental stewardship, and leading to the production of large databases for use in environmental monitoring. 3D printing has the potential to create cheap, bespoke scientific instruments that have formerly required dedicated facilities to assemble. It can put instrument manufacturing into the hands of any citizen who has access to a 3D printer. In this paper, we present a simple hand-held device designed to measure the Secchi depth and water colour (Forel Ule scale) of lake, estuarine and nearshore regions. The device is manufactured with marine resistant materials (mostly biodegradable) using a 3D printer and basic workshop tools. It is inexpensive to manufacture, lightweight, easy to use, and accessible to a wide range of users. It builds on a long tradition in optical limnology and oceanography, but is modified for ease of operation in smaller water bodies, and from small watercraft and platforms. We provide detailed instructions on how to build the device and highlight examples of its use for scientific education, citizen science, satellite validation of ocean colour data, and low-cost monitoring of water clarity, colour and temperature.

scholarly journals Intraoperative three-dimensional fluoroscopy-based computerized tomography guidance for percutaneous kyphoplasty

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan T. Villavicencio ◽  
Sigita Burneikiene ◽  
Ketan R. Bulsara ◽  
Jeffrey J. Thramann
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Image Guidance ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fluoroscopy Time ◽  
Percutaneous Kyphoplasty ◽  
3D Fluoroscopy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Biplanar Fluoroscopy

Object Percutaneous kyphoplasty is an established method for the treatment of pathological vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). This procedure is usually performed with the aid of biplanar fluoroscopic image guidance. There are currently no published clinical studies in which the use of three-dimensional (3D) image guidance to facilitate this technique has been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of isocentric fluoroscopy-based navigation for the kyphoplasty procedure, with special reference to operating time and the amount of radiation exposure. Methods A prospective clinical study was performed in which 11 consecutive patients with painful pathological VCFs that did not respond to conservative treatment underwent the kyphoplasty procedure. During this procedure, cannulation of the pedicle and vertebral body was performed with the aid of isocentric 3D fluoroscopy visualization. Total operating time and intraoperative fluoroscopy time for this group was compared with a cohort of nine patients who underwent the procedure prior to the availability of isocentric fluoroscopy (only biplanar fluoroscopy was used). Possible complications such as cement extravasations were evaluated during the procedure and on postoperative computerized tomography scans. The mean duration of surgery for the 3D isocentric fluoroscopic guidance group was 60 minutes (range 36–89 minutes) for one-level and 68.5 minutes (range 65–75 minutes) for two-level cases. Because of a learning curve with the equipment, the operating time for the initial cases was significantly longer than with the later ones. Even with the initial cases included, the mean operating time was shorter compared with the biplanar fluoroscopy-assisted procedures, which averaged 69.2 minutes (range 44–113 minutes) for one-level procedures. This difference was not statistically significant. The mean fluoroscopy exposure time was 41.3 seconds (range 25–62 seconds) in the isocentric fluoroscopy-assisted procedures, with an additional 40 seconds of fluoroscopy time used for the 3D fluoroscopy “spin,” compared with 293.2 seconds (range 180–400 seconds) in the biplanar fluoroscopy-assisted procedures. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.02). All pedicles were accessed without difficulty and no complications were encountered in either group of patients. Conclusions The main advantage of isocentric fluoroscopy is the significant reduction in radiation exposure for the patient and surgical staff without an increase in the mean operating time. This technique is a significant advancement over biplanar fluoroscopy in this setting.

The Accuracy of Patient Specific Three-Dimensional Digital Ostectomy Template for Mandibular Angle Ostectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoping Wu ◽  
Zhiyang Xie ◽  
Wensong Sahngguan ◽  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Shu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Mandibular Angle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Postoperative Drainage ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Background Despite the three-dimensional (3D)-printed digital ostectomy template (DOT) helps surgeons perform mandibular angle ostectomy (MAO) more precisely and safely, the clinical application of DOT is problematic. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of DOT and improve the precision of MAO. Methods A total of 20 patients with a prominent mandibular angle (PMA) were allocated into two groups with 10 patients in each group. The conventional digital ostectomy template (CDOT), and the novel digital ostectomy template (NDOT) were applied to guide MAO in group A and B, respectively. The mean time taken for curved osteotomy and the volume of postoperative drainage on one side within 24 hours were recorded. The deviations between the simulated and postoperative lower border of the mandible were measured on both sides. Results All the patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes. Statistical results showed that the mean time taken for curved osteotomy in group B was shorter than that of group A, and the volume of postoperative drainage on one side within 24 hours was similar between the two groups. The deviations at the anterior and posterior parts of the inferior border showed the accuracy of osteotomy in group B was higher than that in group A, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in the middle part. Conclusions The NDOT is easy to be located and fixed tightly, which reduced the operating time and increased the safety and precision of the procedures.

scholarly journals Delayed Primary Closure of Traumatic Tension Wounds Using Plastic Straps and Kirschner Wires

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Yalcin Yontar ◽  
Sedat Tatar ◽  
Ahmet Aydin ◽  
Atilla Coruh
Keyword(s):  
Primary Closure ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Kirschner Wires ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Delayed Primary Closure ◽  
Hospitalization Time ◽  
The Mean

Tension of the wound edges should be overcome with precise surgical planning, which is recognized as one of the major contributors to local complications by compromising circulation of the wound edges. In this article, it was aimed to present the clinical results of a surgical technique, in which the plastic straps and Kirschner wires are used for delayed primary closure of traumatic tension wounds. Depending on the assessment of the wound localization, wound dimension, and mobility of adjacent soft tissue, the technique was performed in 9 patients with a male to female ratio of 8:1. Gunshot injury was the leading cause (n = 5), and in most cases, the wounds were located at the lower extremities (n = 6). The mean time between performing the technique and closing the wound primarily and the mean hospitalization time were 4.8 ± 1.1 and 13.5 ± 3.9 days, respectively. In each case, wound closure and healing were achieved successfully without any serious complications. The presented technique provides advantages of using a low cost as well as a very simple equipment, improved and reliable stability during tightening process due to self-locking feature of the plastic straps, no donor site morbidity, short operating time with low rate of post-operative complications, and short hospitalization time. We recommend using this invaluable technique reliably for the treatment of traumatic tension wounds. However, further studies are needed for better evaluation of cosmetic and functional outcomes of the presented technique.

scholarly journals Bioprinting of three dimensional tumor models: a preliminary study using a low cost 3D printer

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Polley ◽  
Robert Mau ◽  
Clemens Lieberwirth ◽  
Jan Stenzel ◽  
Brigitte Vollmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Hydrogel Matrix

AbstractThe deep understanding of cancer and tumor genesis, as well as the development of new therapy strategies still remains one of the emerging challenges in modern medicine. To meet these challenges it seems to be absolutely necessary to overcome the drawbacks of the established 2D in vitro models. Especially the missing microenvironment of the tumor, which means the absence of stroma and immune cells, results in a missing cell-cell and cell-stroma interaction as well as disrupted functional communication pathways. Modern 3D culture systems and 3D printing or rather bioprinting technologies attempt to solve this issue and aim to closely mimic natural tumor microenvironment. In this preliminary work we are going to present the first steps of establishing an artificial 3D tumor model utilising a low cost 3D printer. Therefore the printer had been modified with an open-source syringe pump to become a functional bioprinter using viscosity modulated alginate hydrogel. In the first attempts L929 mouse fibroblasts, which are an integral component of natural stroma, had been incorporated into the hydrogel matrix and printed into scaffolds. Subsequent to the printing process the scaffolds got ionically crosslinked with a 5% w/v aqueous solution of CaCl2 to become mechanically stable. After three days of cultivation viability testing had been performed by utilising FDG staining and PET CT to obtain a volumetric viability measurement. The viability imaging showed vital cells homogeneously distributed in the scaffold and therefore stands as an evidence for a working low cost bioprinting process and a successful first step for the development of an artificial 3D tumor model.

scholarly journals Cranioplasty with three-dimensional customised mould for polymethylmethacrylate implant: a series of 16 consecutive patients with cost-effectiveness consideration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erasmo Barros da Silva Júnior ◽  
Afonso Henrique de Aragão ◽  
Marcelo de Paula Loureiro ◽  
Caetano Silva Lobo ◽  
Ana Flávia Oliveti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Skull Defects

Abstract Background Different methods of cranioplasty for the reconstruction of bony skull defects exist. In the absence of the autologous bone flap, a customised manufactured implant may be the optimal choice, but this implant has several limitations regarding its technical standardisation and better cost-effectiveness. Methods This study presents a series of 16 consecutive patients who had undergone cranioplasty with customised three-dimensional (3D) template moulds for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implants manufactured after 3D modelling on a specific workstation. The virtual images were transformed into a two-piece physical model using a 3D printer for the biomaterials. PMMA implant was produced intraoperatively with the custom mould. Cosmetic results were analysed by comparing pre- and postoperative 3D computed tomography (CT) images and asking if the patient was satisfied with the result. Results The average total time for planning and production of customised mould was 10 days. The 16 patients were satisfied with the result, and CT images presented harmonious symmetry when comparing pre- and postoperative scans. Cases of postoperative infection, bleeding, or reoperation in this series were not observed. Conclusion Cranioplasty with high-technology customised 3D moulds for PMMA implants can allow for an aesthetic reconstruction with a fast and cost-effective manufacturing process and possibly with low complication rates.

scholarly journals Cranioplasty with three-dimensional customised mould for polymethylmethacrylate implant: a series of 11 consecutive patients with cost-effectiveness consideration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erasmo Barros da Silva ◽  
Afonso Henrique de Aragão ◽  
Marcelo de Paula Loureiro ◽  
Caetano Silva Lobo ◽  
Ana Flávia Oliveti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Skull Defects

Abstract Background Different methods of cranioplasty for the reconstruction of bony skull defects exist. In the absence of the autologous bone flap, a customised manufactured implant may be the optimal choice, but this implant has several limitations regarding its technical standardisation and better cost-effectiveness. Methods This study presents a series of 11 consecutive patients who had undergone cranioplasty with customised three-dimensional (3D) template moulds for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) implants manufactured after 3D modelling on a specific workstation. The virtual images were transformed into a two-piece physical model using a 3D printer for the biomaterials. PMMA implant was produced intraoperatively with the custom mould. Cosmetic results were analysed by comparing pre- and postoperative 3D computed tomography (CT) images and asking if the patient was satisfied with the result. Results The average total time for planning and production of customised mould was 10 days. The 11 patients were satisfied with the result, and CT images presented harmonious symmetry when comparing pre- and postoperative scans. Cases of postoperative infection, bleeding, or reoperation in this series were not observed. Conclusion Cranioplasty with high-technology customised 3D moulds for PMMA implants can allow for an aesthetic reconstruction with a fast and cost-effective manufacturing process and possibly with low complication rates.

scholarly journals Analysis of Mechanical Properties of Polylactic Acid Using a New 3D Printer Nozzle

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 666-675
Author(s):  
Nor Aiman Sukindar ◽  
Mohd Khairol Anuar Mohd Ariffin ◽  
B. T. Hang Tuah Baharudin ◽  
Che Nor Aiza Jaafar ◽  
Mohd Idris Shah Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Extrusion Process ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

Additive manufacturing, also known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, is the process of developing 3D products in a layer-by-layer manner using filament as a material feedstock to create a solid structure. Owing to its unique properties and advantages, which include biodegradability and printing speed, polylactic acid is one of the most common 3D printing extrusion materials. While a considerable attention has been paid to the manipulation of process parameters in order to achieve desired finished product quality, to date less research has been performed on improving the hardware systems of low-cost 3D printers. This study focuses on fabricating the 3D printer nozzle parts, with an emphasis on die angle, nozzle diameter, liquefier design, and insulator composition. Modifying the properties of these components from the conventional nozzle, it is possible to optimize the stability and accuracy of the extrusion process, leading to better-quality printed products. To demonstrate the capability of the new nozzle, its tensile and compressive strengths were compared to those of a conventional nozzle. The obtained results proved that the proposed augmentations to the nozzle system lead to finished products with improved mechanical properties.

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