scholarly journals Ineffective Feeding Practices and Their Effect on Malocclusion: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima R. Mokashi ◽  
Srikala Bhandary
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Nutritive Sucking

Abstract Objective The aim of this narrative review is to highlight the association of ineffective feeding practices with the development of malocclusion in children and the role of a pediatric dentist in identifying the cues and signs of improper feeds, and encourage effective breastfeeding practices. Introduction There has been an ongoing debate on the role of effective breastfeeding in the prevention of malocclusion. Although no specific claim supports the positive impact of the same, a detailed reviewing of the literature helps to identify the method of feeding to be chosen considering health benefits and personal preference. Materials and Methods A broad search of all resources linked to the topic was performed in PubMed, Medline, World Health Organization web site, government web sites, and Google Scholar search engine. Keywords used in the search included breastfeeding, ineffective breastfeeding, bottle feeding, pacifier, and malocclusion. A total of 60 articles published in the period from 2000 to 2019 were segregated. Selected articles comprised original research, meta-analysis, and systematic reviews. Results Parameters such as duration, posture, and non-nutritive sucking habits had an impact on effective breastfeeding. Discussion Effective breastfeeding and maintaining appropriate posture and duration helps to positively impact the normal growth and development of the jaws, muscular functioning, and speech. Thereby, the risk of developing malocclusion in primary dentition can be prevented. Conclusion An understanding of the role of breastfeeding and malocclusion will help in the early intervention and prevention of malocclusion and deviated muscular function. Highlighting the role of counseling and effective feeding practices is also an area that should be focused upon by budding clinicians.

scholarly journals An Integrated Micronutrient Powder Intervention Improved IYCF Practices Among Caregivers of Children 6–23 Months in Eastern Uganda (P10-131-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Ford ◽  
Laird Ruth ◽  
Sarah Ngalombi ◽  
Abdelrahman Lubowa ◽  
SIti Halati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Micronutrient Powder ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Abstract Objectives We evaluated the impact of an integrated infant and young child feeding (IYCF) – micronutrient powder intervention on IYCF practices among caregivers of children 12–23 mo in Eastern Uganda. Methods We used pre-/post- data from two population-based, cross-sectional surveys representative of children aged 12–23 mo in Amuria (intervention) and Soroti (non-intervention) districts. Caregivers were interviewed in June/July at baseline 2015 (N = 1260) and 12 mo after implementation in 2016 (N = 1490) about their IYCF practices the day preceding the survey. Logistic regression estimated the double-difference effect of the intervention on core World Health Organization (WHO) IYCF indicators: child ever breastfed, current breastfeeding, bottle feeding, complementary foods introduced at age 6 mo, consumption of vitamin A-rich fruits or vegetables, consumption of animal-flesh foods, minimum meal frequency (MMF) (received food ≥3 times for breastfed children and ≥4 times for non-breastfed children), minimum dietary diversity (MDD) (received foods from ≥4 of 7 WHO food groups), and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) (MDD and MMF among breastfed children, and ≥2 milk feeds, MDD not including milk feeds, and MMF among non-breastfed children). Analyses were weighted and accounted for complex sampling design. Results After controlling for child age and sex, household wealth, household food security, and caregiver education, the intervention was positively associated with MMF (Adjusted Prevalence Difference-in-Difference [APDiD] 18.6%; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 11.2, 26.0) and MAD (APDiD 5.6%; 95% CI 0.02, 11.2). The intervention was associated with 21.8% higher prevalence of timely introduction of complementary feeding (95% CI 13.4, 30.1) and with increased consumption of both vitamin A-rich fruits/vegetables (APDiD 23.5%; 95% CI 12.5, 34.5) and animal-flesh foods (APDiD 9.1%; 95% CI 1.5, 16.7). The intervention did not affect breastfeeding or bottle feeding practices. Despite program impact, prevalence of some IYCF practices were low in Amuria at endline including MAD (19%) and MMF (21%). Conclusions The integrated IYCF intervention had a positive impact on many core WHO IYCF practices; however, low endline prevalence of some indicators suggests a continued need to improve complementary feeding practices in Eastern Uganda. Funding Sources Funding or in kind technical support provided by the Ministry of Health Uganda, World Food Programme, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

scholarly journals The role of pre-existing chronic disease in cardiac complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Sinclair ◽  
Yanshan Zhu ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Wei Ma ◽  
Haiyan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACTImportanceSARS-CoV-2 is associated with multiple direct and indirect effects to the heart. It is not yet well defined whether patient groups at increased risk of severe respiratory disease due to SARS-CoV-2 infection also experience a heightened incidence of cardiac complications.ObjectiveWe sought to analyse the role of pre-existing chronic disease (chronic respiratory illness, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and diabetes mellitus) in the development of cardiac complications from SARS-CoV-2.Data SourcesWe retrospectively investigated published (including pre-prints), publicly released, de-identified, data made available between Dec 1, 2019, and May 11, 2020. Information was accessed from PubMed, Embase, medRxiv and SSRN.Study Selection379 full-text articles were reviewed and 321 excluded for lack of original research, irrelevance to outcome, inappropriate cohort, or small patient numbers (case reports of <10 patients). Data were extracted from two studies and the remaining 56 contacted to request appropriate data, to which three responded with data contributions. A final of five studies were included.Data Extraction and SynthesisThis systematic review was conducted based on PRISMA and MOOSE statements. Included studies were critically appraised using Newcastle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data were extracted independently by multiple observers. A fixed-effects model was selected for the meta-analysis based on relatively low heterogeneity between the studies (I2<50%).Main Outcome and MeasuresCardiac complications were determined via blood levels of cardiac biomarkers above the 99th percentile of the upper reference limit, abnormalities in electrocardiography, and/or abnormalities in echocardiography.ResultsSARS-CoV-2-infected patients who developed cardiac complications were, on average, 10 years older than those that did not. Pooled analyses showed the development of cardiac complications from SARS-CoV-2 was significantly increased in patients with underlying chronic respiratory illness (OR 2.88[1.45,5.71]), CVD (OR 5.12[3.09,8.48]), hypertension (OR 4.37[2.99,6.39]) and diabetes mellitus (OR 2.61[1.67,4.09]).Conclusions and RelevanceOlder age and pre-existing chronic respiratory illness, CVD, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus may represent prognostic factors for the development of additional cardiac complications in COVID-19, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary approach to chronic disease patient management and providing justification for a larger scale observational study.

scholarly journals Neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a narrative review and a case presentation in a previously healthy young white adult

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
O.Yе. Fartushna ◽  
H.V. Palahuta ◽  
S.K. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Manifestations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

Background. As the second wave of COVID-19 occurred, it has become clear that a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which has consequently sparked a global pandemic, was evolved into wide-ranging multi-organ disease. However, neurological features of COVID-19 infection, especially in young previously healthy adults, have not been widely reported. We aimed to provide a narrative review of the neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations and complications of SARS-CoV-2, supported with a clinical case presentation. Materials and methods. A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed on Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane database, World Health Organization database, Ovid, and Google Scholar in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines to identify the articles that discussed the neurological and neuropsychiatric presentations of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19. The neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19 are illustrated with the clinical case presentation in a previously healthy white young adult. Results and conclusions. Neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection range from mild symptoms, such as headache, to catastrophic symptoms, including but not limited to delirium, manic episodes, schizophrenia, stroke, acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy, transverse myelitis, encephalitis, meningitis, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. We provided a narrative review of the neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection, illustrated with the clinical case presentation in a previously healthy white young adult.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Public Health Role of Community Pharmacists – A Qualitative Research Utilising the Theoretical Domains Framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Chijioke O. Agomo ◽  
James Ogunleye ◽  
Jane Portlock
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
World Health ◽  
Original Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Communication Methods

Introduction: The current global coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic has once again highlighted the need to enhance the role of community pharmacists in public health. In 2012, the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimated that global deaths due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) as about 38 million (68%). Most of these conditions are preventable through public health initiatives involving community pharmacists. This study aims to explore strategies enhancing the public health role of community pharmacists. Methods: Data was collected through telephone interviews, supported by Skype (audio), and recorded using the 'HD Call Recorder for Skype'. The qualitative data software package NVivo (version 10) was used for the storage, retrieval and analysis of data. The constant comparative method of data analysis was used. In addition, the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was used to underpin the research throughout. Results: This study identified a number of strategies that could enhance the public health role of community pharmacists, some of which include: integrating undergraduate healthcare programmes; broadening the public health knowledge of students and pharmacists; pharmacists working alongside other healthcare professionals; teaching communication methods to students and pharmacists; teaching the use of new technologies and social media; etc. In addition, most of the 14 domains of TDF and several of their constructs were captured in the interview. Conclusions: To enhance the public health role of community pharmacists, it is necessary to develop pharmacists’ capacity in several areas, particularly as it relates to, the use new technologies and social media in public health; enhancing training of pharmacists/students in public health; empowering pharmacists in public health; as well as teaching communication methods to students and pharmacists. Part of the strategy will also be, to integrate healthcare programmes through interdisciplinary initiatives, and changing the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum to increase its public health content.   Article Type: Original Research

scholarly journals Assessment of Bottle-Feeding Practices in Kassala, Eastern Sudan: A Community-Based Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Hassan ◽  
Zainab Taha ◽  
Mohamed A. Abdulla ◽  
AbdelAziem A. Ali ◽  
Ishag Adam
Keyword(s):  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
World Health ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Eastern Sudan

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization encourages exclusive breastfeeding up to six months and avoidance of bottle-feeding. There are few published research articles on the practice of bottle-feeding and associated factors in Sudan. AIM: The study aimed to assess the usage and factors associated with bottle-feeding practices during the first six months of life among mothers with children aged between 6 and 24 months in Kassala, Eastern Sudan. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2017. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant data from interviewed mothers. RESULTS: A total of 242 mother-child pairs participated in the study. The mean (standard deviation) of maternal age and children’s age was 27.13 (5.73) years and 12.2 (6.7) months, respectively. From the total, 96/242 (39.7%) used bottle-feeding for their children in the first six months of life. In multivariable analysis, urban residence (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] 1.96, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] (1.06, 3.63), not receiving breastfeeding education (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.07, 3.45) and child hospitalization (AOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.02, 3.28) were significantly associated with bottle-feeding. CONCLUSION: There was a high usage of bottle-feeding and it was found to be associated with child hospitalisation. To avoid bottle-feeding, urgent actions are required to support and educate mothers regarding breastfeeding with special attention to urban-residence ones.

scholarly journals Effect of postpartum depression on exclusive breast-feeding practices in sub-Saharan Africa countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demelash Woldeyohannes ◽  
Yohannes Tekalegn ◽  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
Dejene Ermias ◽  
Tekele Ejajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mood disorder that affects behavioural, physical and mental health of women and newborn after childbirth. Although a wide range of research have been conducted on maternal and infant health outcomes, the effect of postpartum depression on exclusive breastfeeding practices remains ambiguous, and needs addressing. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of postpartum depression on exclusive breast feeding practices in sub-Saharan African countries. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for relevant articles published between 2001 and 2020. STATA version 14 was used to calculate the pooled odd ratio with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The DerSimonian and Laird random effects meta-analysis was used to measure the effect of postpartum depression on exclusive breast feeding practices. The heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed by using I2 test statistics and Egger’s test, respectively. This review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis. Result A total of 1482 published articles and gray literatures were retrieved from different databases. Additional articles were identified from the reference list of identified reports and articles. After assessment of obtained articles, studies not meeting the inclusion criteria were excluded. Twenty six studies involving 30,021 population met the inclusion criteria were included in this review. In sub Saharan Africa the overall estimated level of postpartum depression was 18.6% (95% CI: 13.8, 23.4). This review found that postpartum depression had no significant effect on exclusive breast feeding practices (OR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.18, 1.14). Conclusion In Sub Saharan Africa, the prevalence of postpartum depression was lower than the report of World Health Organization for developing Country in 2020. This review reveled that maternal postpartum depression has no significant effect on exclusive breast feeding practices. Thus, the investigators strongly recommend the researchers to conduct primary studies using strong study design in sub-Saharan Africa.

Chronic Pain: Fundamental Scientific Considerations, Specifically for Legal Claims

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
General Medicine ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Problematic Relationship

Abstract Scientific findings have indicated that psychological and social factors are the driving forces behind most chronic benign pain presentations, especially in a claim context, and are relevant to at least three of the AMA Guides publications: AMA Guides to Evaluation of Disease and Injury Causation, AMA Guides to Work Ability and Return to Work, and AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment. The author reviews and summarizes studies that have identified the dominant role of financial, psychological, and other non–general medicine factors in patients who report low back pain. For example, one meta-analysis found that compensation results in an increase in pain perception and a reduction in the ability to benefit from medical and psychological treatment. Other studies have found a correlation between the level of compensation and health outcomes (greater compensation is associated with worse outcomes), and legal systems that discourage compensation for pain produce better health outcomes. One study found that, among persons with carpal tunnel syndrome, claimants had worse outcomes than nonclaimants despite receiving more treatment; another examined the problematic relationship between complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and compensation and found that cases of CRPS are dominated by legal claims, a disparity that highlights the dominant role of compensation. Workers’ compensation claimants are almost never evaluated for personality disorders or mental illness. The article concludes with recommendations that evaluators can consider in individual cases.

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