Homeopathic Treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism—A Series of 19 Cases

Clinical Importance ◽

Clinical Problem ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

The Mean ◽

Common Clinical Problem ◽

Prompt Diagnosis ◽

Serum Tsh ◽

Abstract Background Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is a common clinical problem. Controversy surrounds the definition, clinical importance, and need for prompt diagnosis and treatment of the mild form of SCH. Aim The aim of the study was to analyze the evolution of serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels after a therapeutic homeopathic intervention in women older than 40 years with SCH. Methods This study is a retrospective series of 19 cases of SCH, with serum TSH levels between 5 and 10 mIU/L, treated exclusively with homeopathic medicines prescribed on an individualized basis. Results Nineteen patients were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Their mean age was 56 years, they were followed for a mean duration of 69 months, the mean number of serum TSH level measurements was 18, and the intervention was successful for 13 patients. Conclusion The homeopathic therapeutic intervention was successful in 68% of the patients, with serum TSH levels back within the normal range (0.5–5.0 mIU/L).

Laboratory Assessment of Thyroid Function in Patients with Proteinuria

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research ◽

10.1515/jbcr-2017-0020 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 126-129

Author(s):

Irena I. Gencheva-Angelova ◽

Adelaida L. Ruseva ◽

Juli I.Pastuhov

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Hormones ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Hormone Binding ◽

Urine Protein ◽

Laboratory Assessment ◽

Thyroxine Binding Globulin ◽

The Mean ◽

Summary Significant losses of functional proteins such as hormones and hormone-binding proteins are seen in patients suffering from proteinuria. Studies have reported loss of thyroid hormones and thyroxine-binding globulin in the urine. There is evidence that subclinical hypothyroidism is six times more common in patients with proteinuria than in healthy people. The parameters of the effect of proteinuria on thyroid function have not been fully studiedyet.We investigated 74 patients with qualitatively established proteinuria, of whom 34 men and 40 women, without diagnosed thyroid disease. The average age of the patients was 60.9 years. We tested 20 free controls for free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), creatinine and albumin in serum, and the quantity of urine protein. The mean results found for TSH were higher in the patients with proteinuria than in those of the controls (2.719 mU/l vs 1.78 mU/l). For FT4, the mean result in the patients with proteinuria was 17.04 pmol/l vs 16.39 pmol/l. in the controls. A correlation was sought between TSH and FT4 levels and all the laboratory parameters we tested. Patients with proteinuria had higher TSH levels, probably due to the loss of thyroid hormones in the urine. However, these losses cannot lead to clinically proven hypothyroidism.

Assessment of Thyroid Dysfunction in Patients Irradiated for Head and Neck Malignancies

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2020/541 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (45) ◽

pp. 2626-2630

Author(s):

Uma Maheswara Reddy U ◽

Sameer Hussain K.M.

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Early Stage ◽

External Beam Radiotherapy ◽

Neck Region ◽

External Beam ◽

Radio Therapy ◽

The Mean ◽

Serum Tsh ◽

BACKGROUND This study aims to assess the changes in serum TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) in subjects with head & neck carcinoma treated with External Beam Radio-Therapy (EBRT) and study the usefulness of the serum TSH test to identify patients who develop early hypothyroidism in these subjects. METHODS This study involved assessing serum TSH in 50 patients diagnosed with biopsyproven squamous cell carcinoma in the head & neck region treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). The study was designed as a prospective non interventional observational study. All patients underwent serum TSH test before the start of the radiation, at 2 months after the radiation and at 6 months after the radiation. All documented serum TSH levels were taken up for analysis. RESULTS Patient population was characterized by the distribution of patients in subsite of oral cavity in 18 (36 %) patients, hypopharynx in 11 (22 %) patients, larynx in 11 (22 %) patients, oropharynx in 9 (18 %) patients, and nasopharynx in 1 (2 %) patient. 12 (24 %) subjects were in Stage II, Stage III in 34 (68 %) subjects, and Stage IV in 4 (8 %) subjects. Mean TSH before radiotherapy was 1.93 ± 0.72 IU / mL. The mean TSH after 2 months of radiotherapy was 2.25 ± 0.97 IU / mL. The mean value after 6 months was 2.5 ± 1.3 IU / mL. The difference between the mean TSH values of 2 months and 6 months compared to baseline TSH is statistically significant (p < 0.0001 between 2 months and baseline and p < 0.0001 between 6 months and baseline). There was a 17 % increase in the TSH levels after 2 months of radiotherapy and a 30 % increase after 6 months of radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS There is an increase in the serum TSH values both after 2 months and after 6 months of radiation and also may help in identifying patients with impending hypothyroidism at the early stage. KEYWORDS Radiotherapy, TSH, Thyroid, Hypothyroidism, Head and Neck Cancer

Thyroid status and Treatment Response of Hypothyroid Infertile Women in Tertiary Care Center of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology ◽

10.3329/bjog.v31i2.34216 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 86-89

Author(s):

Farzana Deeba ◽

Parveen Fatima ◽

Jesmine Banu ◽

Shakeela Ishrat ◽

Nurjahan Begum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Stage ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Target Population ◽

Fertility Treatment ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Infertile Women ◽

The Mean ◽

Objective(s): Aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of hypothyroidism in infertile women as well as to assess their response to treatment.Materials and methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Infertility unit of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Bangladesh, a tertiary care centre from January 2014 to December 2014. Four hundred women who visited infertility clinic of the department for fertility treatment were the target population for this study. Routine investigations such as CBC, Blood sugar 2 hours postparandial or GTT, TSH and Prolactin was done. Subclinical hypothyroidism was diagnosed when there was increased TSH and normal FT4. Hypothyroid patients were given Levothyroxin depending upon TSH levels and continued until end of the study. Patients were followed up for six months even if pregnancy was attained.Results: Out of 400 women 55% were primary and 45% were secondary subfertility. Mean duration of infertility was 4.5 ± 1.2 years. Ninety two (23%) patients were hypothyroid. Among them 66 (16.5%) were subclinical hypothyroid and 26 (6.5%) were frank hypothyroid. The mean TSH levels were 7.34 ± 2.13 ìIU/ml, and the mean PRL levels were 52.46 ± 11.17 ng/ml. Out of 92 infertile women diagnosed as hypothyroidism 75 (81.52%) women conceived after treatment with drugs for hypothyroidism (dose depending upon severity of hypothyroidism, i.e. TSH levels). More than 90% women had regular ovulation for consecutive three cycles after initiation of treatment.Conclusion: The normal TSH levels are the pre-requisite for fertilization. The decision to initiate thyroid replacement therapy in both clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism at early stage is justified in infertile women.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2016; Vol. 31(2) : 86-89

Subclinical hypothyroidism

Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes ◽

10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.3252 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 543-547

Author(s):

Jayne A. Franklyn

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Expert Panel ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Free Thyroxine ◽

Thyroid Function Tests ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Function Tests ◽

Serum Tsh

Subclinical hypothyroidism is defined biochemically as the association of a raised serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration with normal circulating concentrations of free thyroxine (T4) and free triiodothyronine (T3). The term subclinical hypothyroidism implies that patients should be asymptomatic, although symptoms are difficult to assess, especially in patients in whom thyroid function tests have been checked because of nonspecific complaints such as tiredness. An expert panel has recently classified individuals with subclinical hypothyroidism into two groups (1): (1) those with mildly elevated serum TSH (typically TSH in the range 4.5–10.0 mU/l) and (2) those with more marked TSH elevation (serum TSH >10.0 mU/l).

Effects of thyroid hormone and depression on common components of central obesity

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060519851624 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 3040-3049 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fu-Man Du ◽

Hong-Yu Kuang ◽

Bin-Hong Duan ◽

Da-Na Liu ◽

Xin-Yang Yu

Keyword(s):

Central Obesity ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Serum Tsh ◽

Objective We investigated the prevalence of abnormal thyroid function and depression in centrally obese participants, and to analyze the relationship of thyroid hormones and depression with components of central obesity. Methods We randomly selected 858 centrally obese participants and 500 non-obese controls in this study. For all participants, we measured serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid concentrations, and blood pressure. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Results Centrally obese participants had a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism and depression than non-obese controls. Serum FT4 levels negatively correlated with BMI and serum TSH levels and positively correlated with BMI, WHR, total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). After excluding participants with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, serum FT4 levels showed negative correlation and serum TSH levels showed positive correlation with BMI in the remaining centrally obese participants. CES-D scores positively correlated with BMI. Conclusion We found high prevalences of hypothyroidism and depression among centrally obese participants. FT4 and TSH are important in weight regulation. Depression positively correlated with obesity.

Hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia in women with primary and secondary infertility

IMC Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/imcjms.v14i1.47454 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 41-46

Author(s):

Shamima Bari ◽

Rokeya Begum ◽

Qazi Shamima Akter

Keyword(s):

Serum Prolactin ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Secondary Infertility ◽

Overnight Fasting ◽

The Mean ◽

Altered Thyroid ◽

Serum Thyroid Hormones ◽

Serum Tsh ◽

Fertile Women

Background and objectives: Infertility is a global health problem including Bangladesh. Altered thyroid and prolactin levels have been implicated as a cause of infertility. The study was undertaken to find out the serum thyroid hormones and prolactin status in women with primary and secondary infertility. Methods: Women with primary and secondary infertility were enrolled. Fertile age-matched women were included as control. The anthropometric details (age, height and weight) were recorded. Overnight fasting blood sample was collected on 2nd day of menstrual cycle of the follicular phase. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free tri-iodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum prolactin (PRL) was estimated by radioimmunoassay. Results: A total of 150 women were enrolled in the study. Out of 150 women, 50 had primary and 50 had secondary infertility while 50 women were age-matched fertile women as control. The mean TSH levels of both infertility groups were significantly higher than that of fertile women. Regarding thyroid function, 24% and 28% of women with primary and secondary infertility had hypothyroidism respectively. The serum prolactin level was high in 42.9% and 50% of hypothyroid cases in primary and secondary infertility groups respectively. Conclusion: The study has demonstrated high occurrence of hypothyroidism with raised serum prolactin levels among infertile females emphasizing the importance of estimating both serum TSH and prolactin in infertility. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2020; 14(1): 41-46

Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction

ISRN Endocrinology ◽

10.5402/2011/810251 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Okuyan Ertugrul ◽

Uslu Ahmet ◽

Enhos Asim ◽

Hepgul E. Gulcin ◽

Ayca Burak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Large Scale ◽

Free T4 ◽

Upper Limit ◽

St Elevation ◽

Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

Introduction. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined as a serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level above the upper limit of normal despite normal levels of serum free thyroxine. There is growing evidence that SCH is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We tried to investigate prevalence of SCH in acute myocardial infarction patients. Methods and Results. We evaluate free T3, free T4, and TSH levels of 604 patients (age 58.4) retrospectively, who have been admitted to the coronary intensive care unit between years 2004–2009 with the diagnosis of ST elevation (STEMI) or non-ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). Mild subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 4.5 to 9.9 mU/l) was present in 54 (8.94%) participants and severe subclinical hypothyroidism (TSH 10.0 to 19.9 mU/l) in 11 (1.82%). So 65 patients (10.76%) had TSH levels between 4.5 and 20. Conclusions. In conclusion, 65 patients (10.76%) had TSH levels between 4.5 and 20 in our study, and it is a considerable amount. Large-scale studies are needed to clarify the effects of SCH on myocardial infarction both on etiologic and prognostic grounds.

THE INFLUENCE OF METHALLIBURE (ICI 33,828) ON SERUM AND PITUITARY THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE LEVELS IN THE RAT

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0490569 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 569-572

Author(s):

J. R. BOURKE ◽

S. W. MANLEY ◽

R. W. HAWKER

Keyword(s):

Feedback Mechanism ◽

Seminal Vesicles ◽

Endocrine Organs ◽

System 1 ◽

Dose Levels ◽

Higher Doses ◽

Serum Tsh ◽

Tsh Levels ◽

Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The effect of methallibure (ICI 33,828), a non-steroidal pituitary inhibitor, on serum and pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels has been investigated. A biphasic action of the drug on serum TSH levels was observed, the greatest falls occurring with the lowest doses (2mg/day). Increasing dose and period of administration induced progressive decreases in pituitary TSH content. These results are interpreted in terms of three actions on the thyroid—pituitary system: (1) inhibition of the release of TSH from the pituitary, (2) inhibition of TSH synthesis evident only at higher doses, and (3) a thyroid-blocking action, which is also only observed at the higher dose levels, with consequent pituitary stimulation via the thyroid—pituitary feedback mechanism. Effects upon body weight and weight of endocrine organs are reported, that upon the seminal vesicles being the most marked.

Increased left atrial pressure in non-heart failure patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and atrial fibrillation

Endocrine Connections ◽

10.1530/ec-16-0012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 101-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Akinori Sairaku ◽

Yukiko Nakano ◽

Yuko Uchimura ◽

Takehito Tokuyama ◽

Hiroshi Kawazoe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Left Atrial ◽

Structural Heart Disease ◽

The Mean ◽

V Wave ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship

Background The impact of subclinical hypothyroidism on the cardiovascular risk is still debated. We aimed to measure the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and the left atrial (LA) pressure. Methods The LA pressures and thyroid function were measured in consecutive patients undergoing atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, who did not have any known heart failure, structural heart disease, or overt thyroid disease. Results Subclinical hypothyroidism (4.5≤ thyroid-stimulating hormone <19.9 mIU/L) was present in 61 (13.0%) of the 471 patients included. More subclinical hypothyroidism patients than euthyroid patients (55.7% vs 40.2%; P=0.04).’euthyroid patients had persistent or long-standing persistent AF (55.7% vs 40.2%; P = 0.04). The mean LA pressure (10.9 ± 4.7 vs 9.1 ± 4.3 mmHg; P = 0.002) and LA V-wave pressure (17.4 ± 6.5 vs 14.3 ± 5.9 mmHg; P < 0.001) were, respectively, higher in the patients with subclinical hypothyroidism than in the euthyroid patients. After an adjustment for potential confounders, the LA pressures remained significantly higher in the subclinical hypothyroidism patients. A multiple logistic regression model showed that subclinical hypothyroidism was independently associated with a mean LA pressure of >18 mmHg (odds ratio 3.94, 95% CI 1.28 11.2; P = 0.02). Conclusions Subclinical hypothyroidism may increase the LA pressure in AF patients.

The value of red blood cell distribution width in subclinical hypothyroidism

Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia & Metabologia ◽

10.1590/0004-2730000002836 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 30-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hea Min Yu ◽

Kang Seo Park ◽

Jae Min Lee

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Healthy Population ◽

Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Cell Distribution ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Beta Coefficient ◽

The Relationship ◽

Objective : Therefore, we evaluated the relationship between the subclinical hypothyroidism and red cell distribution width (RDW) levels in a healthy population. Subjects and methods : The medical records of 23,343 consecutive health subjects were reviewed. Subjects were classified into four thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) groups to determine the correlation between TSH and other variables in detail (0.3 to < 2.5 mU/L, 2.5 to < 5 mU/L, 5 to < 7.5 mU/L, and ≥ 7.5 mU/L). Results : In the multivariate linear regression analysis, RDW was associated with TSH levels, and e-GFR was inversely associated with TSH levels, respectively (standardized beta coefficient = 0.102, -0.019; p < 0.001, p < 0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, in the four groups, TSH levels were significantly correlated with RDW, estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR), and free thyroxine (fT4) levels in all groups. Furthermore in the 4 th group, RDW levels were more strongly associated with TSH levels than in the other groups (p = 0.006). Conclusions : RDW levels are correlated with euthyroid and subclinical thyroid status. Notably, RDW is more correlated with subclinical hypothyroidism than the euthyroid status. This study presents the relationship between the RDW levels and thyroid function using TSH level in a large healthy population.