Solitary Osteolytic Lesions of the Skull Vault in Children

Crassicauda spp. (Nematoda) infest the cranial sinuses of several odontocetes, causing diagnostic trabecular osteolytic lesions. We examined skulls of 77 Indian Ocean humpback dolphins Sousa plumbea and 69 Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins Tursiops aduncus, caught in bather-protecting nets off KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) from 1970-2017, and skulls of 6 S. plumbea stranded along the southern Cape coast in South Africa from 1963-2002. Prevalence of cranial crassicaudiasis was evaluated according to sex and cranial maturity. Overall, prevalence in S. plumbea and T. aduncus taken off KZN was 13 and 31.9%, respectively. Parasitosis variably affected 1 or more cranial bones (frontal, pterygoid, maxillary and sphenoid). No significant difference was found by gender for either species, allowing sexes to be pooled. However, there was a significant difference in lesion prevalence by age, with immature T. aduncus 4.6 times more likely affected than adults, while for S. plumbea, the difference was 6.5-fold. As severe osteolytic lesions are unlikely to heal without trace, we propose that infection is more likely to have a fatal outcome for immature dolphins, possibly because of incomplete bone development, lower immune competence in clearing parasites or an over-exuberant inflammatory response in concert with parasitic enzymatic erosion. Cranial osteolysis was not observed in mature males (18 S. plumbea, 21 T. aduncus), suggesting potential cohort-linked immune-mediated resistance to infestation. Crassicauda spp. may play a role in the natural mortality of S. plumbea and T. aduncus, but the pathogenesis and population level impact remain unknown.

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Involvement of the co-receptor RAMP2 in the progression of breast cancer-induced osteolytic lesions

Bone Abstracts ◽

10.1530/boneabs.1.pp147 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Alfredo Cappariello ◽

Nadia Rucci ◽

Mattia Capulli ◽

Maurizio Muraca ◽

Anna Teti

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Osteolytic Lesions

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Healing Of A Large Osteolytic Mandibular Lesion – A Case Report

Global Dentistry ◽

10.36879/gsl.dcr.2018.00008 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Ingrid Różyło-Kalinowskav ◽

Karolina Sidor

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Female Patient ◽

Surgical Approach ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Incidental Finding ◽

Osteolytic Lesion ◽

Panoramic Radiograph ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Osteolytic Lesions

The purpose of this article was to present a case report of 11–year old female patient with a large osteolytic mandibular lesion which healed after endodontic treatment. The patient was referred for radio diagnostics due to an incidental finding of a large osteolytic lesion of the area of the left lower first and second premolars in the panoramic radiograph taken before orthodontic treatment. CBCT was performed and the patient asked to have teeth 33-35 treated by endodontics before surgery. The patient missed the surgical appointment and when she reappeared several months later, the lesion showed signs of healing thus surgery were aborted. The presented case testifies to the observation that even large osteolytic lesions can heal after endodontic treatment without surgical approach.

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Understanding the Mechanism through which Matrix Metalloproteinases (Mmps) Contribute to Breast Cancer-Associated Osteolytic Lesions

10.21236/ada485198 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Sophie Thiolloy

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽

Osteolytic Lesions

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Whole Body Low Dose Computed Tomography Using Third-Generation Dual-Source Multidetector With Spectral Shaping: Protocol Optimization and Literature Review

Dose-Response ◽

10.1177/1559325820973131 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 155932582097313

Author(s):

Dario Baldi ◽

Liberatore Tramontano ◽

Vincenzo Alfano ◽

Bruna Punzo ◽

Carlo Cavaliere ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

Low Dose ◽

Whole Body ◽

Dose Length Product ◽

Osteolytic Lesions ◽

Subjective Image Quality ◽

Ct Dose ◽

Dual Source ◽

Ct Dose Index ◽

Low Dose Computed Tomography

For decades, the main imaging tool for multiple myeloma (MM) patient’s management has been the conventional skeleton survey. In 2014 international myeloma working group defined the advantages of the whole-body low dose computed tomography (WBLDCT) as a gold standard, among imaging modalities, for bone disease assessment and subsequently implemented this technique in the MM diagnostic workflow. The aim of this study is to investigate, in a group of 30 patients with a new diagnosis of MM, the radiation dose (CT dose index, dose-length product, effective dose), the subjective image quality score and osseous/extra-osseous findings rate with a modified WBLDCT protocol. Spectral shaping and third-generation dual-source multidetector CT scanner was used for the assessment of osteolytic lesions due to MM, and the dose exposure was compared with the literature findings reported until 2020. Mean radiation dose parameters were reported as follows: CT dose index 0.3 ± 0.1 mGy, Dose-Length Product 52.0 ± 22.5 mGy*cm, effective dose 0.44 ± 0.19 mSv. Subjective image quality was good/excellent in all subjects. 11/30 patients showed osteolytic lesions, with a percentage of extra-osseous findings detected in 9/30 patients. Our data confirmed the advantages of WBLDCT in the diagnosis of patients with MM, reporting an effective dose for our protocol as the lowest among previous literature findings.

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Efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in a prepubertal patient with cherubism

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2019-0581 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 963-966

Author(s):

Haruka Kawamura ◽

Satoshi Watanabe ◽

Takashi I ◽

Izumi Asahina ◽

Hiroyuki Moriuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autosomal Dominant ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Autosomal Dominant Disorder ◽

Osteolytic Lesions ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Childhood Growth ◽

Receptor Activator ◽

Denosumab Treatment

AbstractBackgroundDenosumab is an inhibitor of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, which strongly suppresses osteoclasts. Cherubism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by symmetrical swelling of the jaws, in which the bone is replaced by a fibrous granuloma containing osteoclast-like giant cells.Case presentationWe report the efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in a prepubertal boy with progressive cherubism. The treatment consisting of eight subcutaneous denosumab injections (120 mg/dose) in 6 months not only suppressed the expansion of the osteolytic lesions but also dramatically ossified them. However, a transiently decreased growth rate and rebounded asymptomatic hypercalcemia were associated with the treatment.ConclusionsThe present case demonstrated the therapeutic potential of denosumab for treatment of cherubism, although adverse effects, especially those on childhood growth, remain obscure. Further studies are needed to establish a safe and effective protocol for denosumab treatment of children.

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The Skull’s Girder: A Brief Review of the Cranial Base

Journal of Developmental Biology ◽

10.3390/jdb9010003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Shankar Rengasamy Venugopalan ◽

Eric Van Otterloo

Keyword(s):

Birth Defects ◽

Vertebral Column ◽

Endochondral Ossification ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Facial Skeleton ◽

The Core ◽

Skull Vault ◽

Congenital Birth Defects ◽

Intimate Association ◽

The Brain

The cranial base is a multifunctional bony platform within the core of the cranium, spanning rostral to caudal ends. This structure provides support for the brain and skull vault above, serves as a link between the head and the vertebral column below, and seamlessly integrates with the facial skeleton at its rostral end. Unique from the majority of the cranial skeleton, the cranial base develops from a cartilage intermediate—the chondrocranium—through the process of endochondral ossification. Owing to the intimate association of the cranial base with nearly all aspects of the head, congenital birth defects impacting these structures often coincide with anomalies of the cranial base. Despite this critical importance, studies investigating the genetic control of cranial base development and associated disorders lags in comparison to other craniofacial structures. Here, we highlight and review developmental and genetic aspects of the cranial base, including its transition from cartilage to bone, dual embryological origins, and vignettes of transcription factors controlling its formation.

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