Intellectual Disability, Group Identification, and Self-Evaluation

Abstract Student–teacher relationships of 37 children with moderate to borderline intellectual disability and 61 with typical cognitive development were assessed from child ages 6–8 years. Student–teacher relationship quality was moderately stable for the typical development group, but less so for the intellectual disability group. At each assessment these relationships were poorer for children with intellectual disability. Child behavior problems consistently predicted more conflict, whereas social skills predicted more closeness. Accounting for these child characteristics reduced the status group difference to nonsignificance. Earlier student–teacher relationships predicted subsequent changes in child behavior problems and social skills. Student–teacher relationships in the intellectual disability group were significantly lower for children in regular than special classes by age 8.

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In-group representation and social value affect the use of in-group identification for maintaining and enhancing self-evaluation

Asian Journal Of Social Psychology ◽

10.1111/j.1467-839x.2011.01361.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 49-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ken'ichiro Nakashima ◽

Chikae Isobe ◽

Mitsuhiro Ura

Keyword(s):

Group Representation ◽

Group Identification ◽

Social Value ◽

Self Evaluation

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Self-evaluation of the preparation of physicians and physiotherapists to provide medical services to people with intellectual disability

Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability ◽

10.3109/13668250.2014.978844 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 104-110

Author(s):

Andrzej Myśliwiec ◽

Edward Saulicz ◽

Michał Kuszewski ◽

Tomasz Wolny ◽

Andrzej Knapik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Medical Services ◽

Self Evaluation

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Long-stay patients with and without intellectual disability in forensic psychiatric settings: comparison of characteristics and needs

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2018.24 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 226-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Verity Chester ◽

Birgit Völlm ◽

Samuel Tromans ◽

Chaya Kapugama ◽

Regi T. Alexander

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Justice System ◽

Psychiatric Services ◽

Care Pathways ◽

Care Programme ◽

Risk Levels ◽

Assessment Scores ◽

Lengths Of Stay ◽

Disability Group ◽

Forensic Psychiatric

BackgroundIn recent years, concerns have been raised that too many patients stay for too long in forensic psychiatric services and that this is a particular problem in those with an intellectual disability.AimsTo compare the characteristics, needs, and care pathways of long-stay patients with and without intellectual disability within forensic psychiatric hospital settings in England.MethodFile reviews and questionnaires were completed for all long-stay patients in high secure and a representative sample of those in medium secure settings in England. Between-group analyses comparing patients with and without intellectual disability are reported.ResultsOf the 401 long-stay patients, the intellectual disability and non-intellectual disability groups were strikingly similar on many sociodemographic, clinical and forensic variables. The intellectual disability group had significantly lower lengths of stay, fewer criminal sections, restriction orders and prison transfers, and higher levels of behavioural incidents and risk assessment scores.ConclusionsIn spite of similar offence histories and higher risk levels, those with intellectual disability appear to be diverted away from the criminal justice system and have shorter lengths of stay. This has implications about the applicability of the Transforming Care programme to this group.

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Everyday Memory and Working Memory in Adolescents With Mild Intellectual Disability

American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities ◽

10.1352/1944-7558-115.3.207 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 115 (3) ◽

pp. 207-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M. J. Van der Molen ◽

J. E. H. Van Luit ◽

Maurits W. Van der Molen ◽

Marian J. Jongmans

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Mild Intellectual Disability ◽

Everyday Memory ◽

Mental Age ◽

Disability Group ◽

Almost All

Abstract Everyday memory and its relationship to working memory was investigated in adolescents with mild intellectual disability and compared to typically developing adolescents of the same age (CA) and younger children matched on mental age (MA). Results showed a delay on almost all memory measures for the adolescents with mild intellectual disability compared to the CA control adolescents. Compared to the MA control children, the adolescents with mild intellectual disability performed less well on a general everyday memory index. Only some significant associations were found between everyday memory and working memory for the mild intellectual disability group. These findings were interpreted to suggest that adolescents with mild intellectual disability have difficulty in making optimal use of their working memory when new or complex situations tax their abilities.

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Safety of antipsychotics in people with intellectual disability

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.110.085670 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 199 (4) ◽

pp. 289-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Valeria Frighi ◽

Matthew T. Stephenson ◽

Alireza Morovat ◽

Iain E. Jolley ◽

Marialena Trivella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

General Population ◽

Population Control ◽

Active Management ◽

Control Group ◽

Antipsychotic Treatment ◽

Disability Group ◽

Metabolic Indices

BackgroundDespite frequent use, little is known about the metabolic and endocrine side-effects of antipsychotics in individuals with intellectual disability.AimsTo compare indices of obesity, glucose, lipids and prolactin between antipsychotic-treated and antipsychotic-naive individuals with intellectual disability and also between participants with intellectual disability and controls from the general population.MethodObservational study comparing 138 antipsychotic-treated and 64 antipsychotic-naive participants with intellectual disability in one National Health Service trust with general population controls.ResultsAntipsychotic treatment comprised: risperidone 48%, olanzapine 18%, thioxanthenes 10%, other 24%; monotherapy 95% of participants; mean treatment duration 8 years; median daily chlorpromazine equivalent dose 108mg (range 16–667). Metabolic indices were the same or more favourable in the intellectual disability group than the general population control group but overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes were more prevalent in the women in the intellectual disability group than the control group. Metabolic indices were similar, statistically or clinically, between the antipsychotic-treated and the antipsychotic-naive groups but there was a non-significant trend towards a higher rate of type 2 diabetes in the antipsychotic group. A total of 100% and 70% of participants on amisulpride/sulpiride and risperidone respectively had hyperprolactinaemia, with secondary hypogonadism in 77% and 4% of affected women and men.ConclusionsAntipsychotics, on average, did not increase metabolic risk, although the existence of a susceptible subgroup at risk of diabetes cannot be excluded. Some antipsychotics induced hyperprolactinaemic hypogonadism, requiring active management. However, our findings suggest that antipsychotics at the low doses routinely prescribed for people with intellectual disability are generally safe in relation to metabolic adverse effects, even if efficacy remains poorly defined.

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Quality of Life of Iranian Vocational Students with and without Intellectual Disability

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.105.3.738-746 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. 738-746 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Khadijeh Hematian ◽

Shahla Alborzi ◽

Mohammad Khayyer

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Community Integration ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Vocational Students ◽

Total Quality ◽

Special Schools ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Disability Group

The purpose of the present study was to compare the attitudes of individuals with and without intellectual disability toward their quality of life. Associations between demographic variables such as sex, age, father's education, and father's occupation and quality of life were also assessed. 40 people with intellectual disability from special schools were matched with 40 people from Shiraz Vocational Teaching Center on sex, age, and fathers' careers and educations. There was no significant difference between the two groups on total Quality of Life scores, but differences were found in subscales. The groups with intellectual disability reported higher scores on the dimensions of life satisfaction, competency/productivity, and social belongingness/community integration. The normal group scored higher on empowerment/independence. In the intellectual disability group, the father's career was a better predictor of quality of life.

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Equilíbrio Postural em Crianças com Deficiência Intelectual

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17921/2447-8938.2018v20n2p140-145 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 140

Author(s):

Eros De Oliveira Junior ◽

Paulo Ricardo Soethe ◽

André Felipe Veronez Paixão ◽

Fabiana Dias Antunes

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Postural Balance ◽

Control Group ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Mean Frequency ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Disability Group ◽

The Mean

ResumoCrianças com deficiência intelectual podem apresentar problemas estruturais e de maturação ligados ao sistema nervoso central, vestibular e proprioceptivo, sendo caracterizados pela escolha da estratégia motora e de equilíbrio postural inadequadas ou em atraso para a sua idade cronológica. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o equilíbrio postural em crianças com deficiência intelectual. Trinta crianças de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 7 a 13 anos, foram divididas em dois grupos, sendo quinze com deficiência intelectual (grupo DI) e quinze com desenvolvimento típico (grupo controle GC). O equilíbrio postural foi avaliado sobre a plataforma de força BIOMEC400 em apoio bipodal e unipodal. Os seguintes parâmetros de equilíbrio, baseados no centro de pressão (COP), foram analizados: área de elipse do COP, velocidade de oscilações do COP e frequência de oscilações do COP, nas direções antero-posterior (AP) e médio-lateral (ML). Os parâmetros de equilíbrio baseados no COP mostraram diferenças significativas entre os grupos em apoio bipodal para a velocidade média AP (DI=2,56; GC=3,55; p=0,02) e ML (DI=2,58; GC=3,59; p=0,03) e para frequência média AP (DI=0,53; GC=0,77; p=0,008). No teste em apoio unipodal, a frequência média AP foi a única variável a apresentar diferença significante entre os grupos (DI=0,85; GC=1,06; p=0,03). O grupo de participantes com deficiência intelectual apresenta, tanto em apoio bipodal como unipodal, resultados semelhantes ou superiores ao grupo controle. Estes resultados mostram que a deficiência intelectual não influenciou o equilíbrio postural estático em crianças de 7 a 13 anos.Palavras-chave: Sistema Nervoso Central. Cinestesia. Criança.AbstractChildren with intellectual disability may present structural and maturation disorders associated with the central nervous system, proprioceptive and vestibular system. These children are characterized by the inappropriate choice or dalayed response in motor strategy and postural balance for their chronological age. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postural balance in children with intellectual disability. Thirty children of both sexes, aged between 7 and 13 years, were divided in two groups, fifteen with intellectual disability (group ID) and fifteen with typical development (control group CG). The postural balance was evaluated based on the force platform BIOMEC400 in bipodal and unipodal support. The main balance parameters analyzed were: ellipse area of the pressure center (COP), mean velocity and mean frequency of COP oscillations, in both directions of the movement anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML). The balance parameters based on COP revealed significant differences between the groups in bipodal support to the mean velocity AP (ID=2,56; CG=3,55; p=0,02) and ML (ID=2,58; CG=3,59; p=0,03) and to mean frequency AP (ID=0,53; CG=0,77; p=0,008). In the unipodal support test, the mean frequency AP was the only that showed significant difference between groups (ID=0,85; CG=1,06; p=0,03). The intellectual disability group achieved in both bipodal and unipodal support, similar or better results than the control group. These results indicate that the intellectual disability did not influence the static postural balance in children from 7 to 13 years old.Keywords: Central Nervous System. Kinesthesis. Child.

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