Hybrid Forms of Enterprise Organization in the Former USSR and the Russian Federation

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S Bim ◽  
Derek C Jones ◽  
Thomas E Weisskopf
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Enterprise Organization ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Hybrid Forms

scholarly journals DOING BUSINESS’2020 RESULTS: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES OF IMPROVEMENT OF THE ECONOMIC AND LEGAL INSTITUTE OF INSOLVENCY (BANKRUPTCY)

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Yury Y. Korolev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Rating Data ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Former Ussr

    The article analyzes the results of the Doing Business international rating for 2020 for the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation. Based on the actual rating data for two countries, the author investigated the methodology of the Resolving insolvency indicator, which is one of ten equilibrium components of the final Doing Business indicator and assesses the level of development of national economic and legal institutions of insolvency (bankruptcy). Some factors determining the lag of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation from other countries, primarily the countries of the former USSR, are identified. On the example of India, the results of reforming the national legislation on economic insolvency (bankruptcy) and the transition to effective rehabilitation procedures of the debtor are evaluated. It is concluded that it is possible to use approaches and methods of calculating the Resolving insolvency indicator to develop areas for reforming national economic and legal institutions of insolvency (bankruptcy).

Elements of Russian Hybrid War in the East-European Space and Caucasus

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-96
Author(s):  
Svetlana Cebotari ◽  
Sergiu Plop
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
East European ◽  
Zone Of Influence ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Post Soviet Space

As a result of the geopolitical metamorphoses of the 1990s, the Russian Federation is trying to regain its lost positions. One of the most debated topics was undoubtedly the issue of Russia's new role on the international arena. Within a decade since the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the former USSR, the Russian Federation is trying to restore its status as a great power, re-launching a policy of restoring the zone of influence in the post-Soviet space. This paper analyzes the strategies of the Russian Federation to maintain in its sphere of influence the East-European and South-Caucasian space.

scholarly journals ELECTORAL BEHAVIOR OF RUSSIAN CITIZENS IN THE 1996-2018 FEDERAL ELECTIONS ON THE TERRITORY OUTSIDE THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Konstantin Zhuribeda
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Incomplete Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Electoral Behavior ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Election Commission

This article describes the course of voting in federal elections (President of the Russian Federation, deputies of the State Duma of the Russian Federation) in the period from 1996 to 2018. The basics of organizing voting outside the Russian Federation and the procedure for registering foreign voters in electoral statistics are described. The study analyzed voting in federal elections in foreign countries with more than 500 voters in key political forces that participated in the elections to the State Duma in 1999-2016 and candidates for the office of President of the Russian Federation in the 1996-2018 elections (party in power, communists, liberals, LDPR, etc.). The sample includes countries on virtually every continent of the globe. Information on the ownership of foreign sites by specific countries is taken from the relevant decisions of the Central Election Commission. Unfortunately, the authors have only incomplete data on voting in the 1990s (there is no information at all for voting in foreign polling stations in the 1995 State Duma elections, for the 1996 presidential elections there is information only about voting in the countries of the former USSR, for elections to the State Duma in 1999 there is only fragmentary information from foreign sites). Since 2003, data on voting has been published in full due to the introduction of the State Automated System “Vybory” (GAS “Vybory”).

scholarly journals Perception of Emotions and Cultural Distance Among International Students in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-201
Author(s):  
Sonia A. Berrios Callejas
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
International Education ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Former Soviet Republics

The accurate perception of culture-specific emotions of the people living in the host country, may be the most significant, and yet the most underestimated challenge for the international students in the process of adjusting to a new culture. The latest report of the Institute of International Education (IIE) about Russia, confirmed that, in the year 2020, around 353,000 international students are currently studying in the Russian Federation. The studies of van de Vijver in 2007 and 2009 have confirmed that the foreign students from former Soviet republics or former USSR countries (students from post-soviet states, not including Russia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan) have lower degrees of perceived cultural distance with Russian culture, this can be explained by the fact that the students from former Soviet republics can speak Russian language fluently, and share religion and traditions with Russian culture. Consequently, the group of students from former USSR countries adapt better to Russia in comparation to the rest of international students. The results of our study in 2020, revealed that the perception of Russian culture-specific emotions among international students studying in the Russian Federation, is significantly predicted by the similarity between the culture of the international students living in Russia and the culture of Russian society. Moreover, our study confirmed that the group of students from former Soviet republics, or former USSR countries, perceived more similarities with Russian national culture; therefore, this result is consistent with the findings of the aforementioned studies of van de Vijver in 2007 and 2009. Thus, we can consider that the accurate recognition of Russian culture-specific emotions and the perceived similarities to Russian cultural standards, may be very significant for the international students studying in the Russian Federation, especially for their process of adjusting to Russian culture. Nevertheless, further research on this topic is needed.

Current Problems of Relocation of Compatriots-Foreign Citizens to the Territory of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
M. S. Aksenova ◽  
A. B. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Former Ussr

The article highlights the legal issues of the return of compatriots after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, when many citizens of the former USSR of Russian origin were separated from their historical homeland and were deprived of the opportunity to return to it. Particular attention is paid to identifying legislative gaps regarding the return of compatriots-foreign citizens to the territory of the Russian Federation and making proposals to address them.

Ideology and alphabets in the former USSR

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Sebba
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Autonomous Systems ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Language Law ◽  
Former Ussr

In 2002 the Russian parliament passed a law requiring all official languages within the Russian Federation to use the Cyrillic alphabet. The legislation caused great controversy and anger in some quarters, especially in Tatarstan, the Russian republic whose attempt to romanise the script for the Tatar language provoked the new law. This paper examines the background to these recent events in the former Soviet Union, showing how they provide a contemporary illustration of the ways that linguistic (in this case, orthographic) issues can interact with ideologies and discourses at the political and social levels. The paper takes an approach which treats orthography and script selection as social practices which are amenable to sociolinguistic analysis, even though they are more commonly modelled as autonomous systems (or “neutral technologies”) which can be detached from their social context (cf. Street’s “ideological” and “autonomous” models of literacy). The article begins with a very brief overview of the early twentieth-century changes of script from Arabic to Roman and then to Cyrillic, which affected most of the Turkic languages, including Tatar, and an account of the trend to return to the Roman alphabet in the immediate post-Soviet period. It goes on to describe the circumstances of the decision by Tatarstan to introduce the script change, and the resulting backlash from the government of the Russian Federation, in the form of a new language law. It then goes on to analyse the discourses which underlie this story of rebellion and reaction. In particular, the following discourses are identified and discussed: unity and membership (the discourse of belonging), technology and globalisation, cultural heritage (change and permanence), Cyrillic as “defective”/Cyrillic as a conduit for Russian lexis, romanisation as a threat to the integrity of Russia and its language. It is noted that many of the discourses present in the Tatarstan case are also found in other debates over orthographies elsewhere.

scholarly journals Reformation of the Scientific and Technical Sphere in the Russian Federation in the "Transition Period": Plans and Reality in 1990s

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Bodrova ◽  
Vyacheslav Viktorovich Kalinov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
General Paralysis ◽  
Crisis Situation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Technical Complex ◽  
Former Ussr

<p>The paper analyzes the situation that has been developed after the collapse of the former USSR in the scientific and technical complex of the Russian Federation, which, according to the authors, developed from a crisis situation to a catastrophic one. The conclusion is drawn that its degradation was caused not only by the general paralysis of the socioeconomic sphere, and also by the lack of a conceptually elaborated state industrial, scientific and technical and innovation policy, by the weakness of the legal framework and the erroneous priorities chosen at that time by the reformers. In general, the state scientific and technical policy in the period under review was characterized by inconsistency and persistently unrealized plans.</p>

scholarly journals A QUARTER CENTURY OF NATO-RUSSIA RELATIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 633-638
Author(s):  
Raluca Iulia Iulian
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Former Ussr

: After the end of the Cold War, in the new international context, two important actors emerged on the international scene, namely NATO and the Russian Federation. The cooperation between them was a necessity to ensure and strengthen a climate of security and peace in Europe and all over the world. In the new challenges of the security environment, NATO was turned from a purely defensive military alliance for Europe into a political and military alliance that can act wherever needed around the globe. The Russian Federation, the successor of the former USSR and inheritor of its military arsenal, has initiated a transition process towards democracy and market economy. Russia has acted permanently to establish a special relationship with the Alliance, different from that with the other Central and Eastern European countries. The relations NATO-Russia followed a continuous development from 1991 to 2008, with periods of crisis, but hopes of establishing a productive partnership. Then, they went into decline, and in April 2014 they were suspended. The Alliance and Russia have different views on European and global security issues. After 25 years of NATO-Russia relations, this paper aims to point out the main aspects of the stages from 1991 until now and analyze the reasons why the collaboration is not yet productive and cooperative, as shown by recent events.

scholarly journals Trends and expediency of classifi cation of combine harvesters

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
G. E. Chepurin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Comparative Testing ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Cis Countries ◽  
Combine Harvesters ◽  
Grain Bulk ◽  
Former Ussr

The work presents the results of the analysis of combine harvesters’ classifi cation systems applied in the former USSR, the Russian Federation and the CIS countries, as well as in the USA and Argentina. The expediency of their application is shown depending on the purpose of combines, advertising, organizing their production and operation in various climatic and industrial conditions. Classifi cation by structural and energy parameters is necessary when developing new combines. However, it does not reveal the potential functionality of combines and the effi ciency of their work in specifi c zonal conditions with signifi cant fl uctuations in yield, moisture, straw content and other physical and mechanical properties of harvested crops. In Russia and the CIS countries, combine harvesters are classifi ed according to their nominal throughput specifi ed in the passport. It is characterized by the value of the actual supply of grain bulk in kilograms per second to the combine thresher with a grain loss of 1.5% whereby grain is threshed in the direct way with standard yield and specifi ed moisture and straw content. Previously, the standard in the USSR stipulated that testing should be carried out in areas with the yield of at least 4 t/ha. In some areas, due to a low grain yield, it was not possible to indicate the conditions of comparative tests. The standards of the Russian Federation provide for comparative testing of combines during grain threshing with a yield characteristic of the zone. This contradicts the principles of the identity of comparative test conditions. To solve this urgent scientifi c problem, it is necessary to develop alternative, less laborintensive methods for comparative testing of combines in determining their nominal throughput recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. At the same time, it is necessary to allow underutilization of the nominal throughput of the harvester of no more than 10%. Overloading the thresher is not allowed, since it leads to signifi cant grain losses during threshing.

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