Women’s abuse experiences in Jordan: A comparative study using rural and urban classifications

AbstractThis study explored the patterns of economic abuse among working married women from rural and urban areas in Jordan, and identified their experiences with other abuses interconnected with economic abuse, including psychological, emotional, and physical abuse and harassment. A quantitative research approach using a descriptive comparative design was employed. The findings indicated that 55.5% of urban and 44.5% of rural women have encountered spousal economic abuse in two ways: (1) controlling their economic resources and managing their financial decisions and (2) exploiting their economic resources. Economic abuse was found to be intertwined with other forms of abuse; women who faced economic abuse also endured primarily emotional and psychological abuse, followed by physical abuse and harassment, as tactics to reinforce economic abuse and maintain control over them. The most common form of psychological abuse was being made to feel frustrated and neglected when requesting emotional support, while emotional abuse was typified by resentment and being told they are inadequate. Physical abuse included partners shaking, slapping, or throwing objects at them. Both rural and urban women reported being harassed at their workplace by their partners’ repeated phone calls. In general, urban women faced more economic and other forms of abuse than rural women, especially emotional and physical abuse.

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Understanding the Communication Pattern and Emotional Abuse:Domestic Violence Victims Among Married Women

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1042.0782s319 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2S3) ◽

pp. 246-250

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Psychological Abuse ◽

Married Women ◽

Verbal Communication ◽

Communication Pattern ◽

Research Approach ◽

Early Prevention ◽

Negative Thought ◽

Depth Interview

This study aims to understand the verbal and non-verbal communication patterns and emotional abuse that ensued married women in Penang, Malaysia. It has been conducted with the involvement of ten respected respondents. Qualitative research approach with in-depth interview has taken place in this study. The findings revealed that there are two types of verbal languages, reactions or words that could cause emotional and psychological abuse. First, dishonour and disgraces words or languages and the second one are the expression of criticism and negative thought. Meanwhile, the economic difficulties, incapable in fulfilling sexual desire, concept of minimizing, blaming and lack of attention, love and care and cheating and disrespect their dignity were the consequences of non-verbal communication which led to emotional and psychological abuse. Improvement and amendment in Domestic Violence Act (1994) as an early prevention and execution has been suggested in this study to minimize the increasing number of emotional abuse victims in married women in Penang, Malaysia.

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To Compare Sociodemographic Profile, Attitude, Coping Strategies and Psychiatric Morbidity among Rural and Urban Menopausal Women

International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2016/v5i1/83545 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1016

Author(s):

Mamta Singla ◽

Arvind Sharma ◽

Clarence Samuel ◽

Jenny Mariam George

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Rural Women ◽

Psychiatric Morbidity ◽

Medical Knowledge ◽

Urban Women ◽

Positive Outcome ◽

Rural Populations ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Sociodemographic Profile

Objective:In our study, 95 Urban and 56 rural populations of menopausal women were subjected to SCL 80 scale to determine psychiatric morbidity.Material and Methods: Assessment was made using ATM scale, MRS scale and their coping strategies were noted. Data was statistically analyzed.Results: The rural women were found to succumb 1.4 times more to physical and mental exhaustion after menopause than urban women (P<0.042). Percentage scores of the urban respondents were significantly more concerned how their husbands would feel about them after menopause (χ2 =8.35, p<0.004). Statistically significant (p<0.011) urban women (5.47) show more depressive symptoms than rural women (3.08) and statistically significant (p<0.019) urban (2.33) than rural women (1.25) had more of anger hostility symptoms.Conclusion: Emotionally stable, literacy, medical knowledge about menopause, good social support was among predominant markers for positive outcome.

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A comparative study of morbidity pattern among rural and urban postmenopausal women of Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170172 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 670 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ankita Goyal ◽

Neha Mishra ◽

Shraddha Dwivedi

Keyword(s):

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Urban Area ◽

Rural Women ◽

Urban Women ◽

Post Menopausal Osteoporosis ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Wide Range ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

Rural And Urban Area

Background: Menopause is an inevitable reproductive phase during midlife when various physical and mental changes may impair the quality of life of women. Middle-aged women may experience a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms. Decrease in the production of estrogen leads to the premenopausal symptoms of hot flushes, insomnia and mood changes, as well as post-menopausal osteoporosis and vaginal atrophy, leading to decrease in quality of life.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study. Door to door survey was conducted among women who had attained menopause for more than 1 year, in rural and urban area of Allahabad. Multistage random sampling was done. 400 postmenopausal women, 200 each from rural and urban area were selected. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: Majority were in the age group of 50-60 years followed by 60-70 years. Majority of women were having a parity of 3. Vasomotor symptoms were experienced by 34.5% and 39.5% rural and urban women respectively. Out of total post-menopausal women who reported genitourinary complaints, the most commonly reported complaint was stress incontinence i.e. 10.5% and 8.5% respectively in rural and urban communities followed by increased urinary frequency i.e. 9% and 7.5% respectively in rural and urban areas. Vaginal dryness was reported by 2.5% of rural women and 6% of urban women. Vaginal discharge was reported by 7% of rural and 4% of urban women. Uterine Prolapse was reported by 6% of rural women and 3.5% of urban women.Conclusions: The study shows that postmenopausal women in India suffer from various vasomotor, physical as well as psychiatric problems related to menopausal hormonal changes with varied frequencies. There is a need to address their problem and establish health care centers for them. Postmenopausal women should be sensitized for availing the health facilities for their health problems by information education and communication (IEC) and behaviour change communication (BCC). Family support should be ensured by creating awareness in community. Awareness regarding menopause and problems among women related to it need to be improved. Health workers, ASHA, Aanganwadi workers can help women to understand about the menopausal symptoms, if they are given adequate training.

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Help-Seeking and Coping Strategies for Intimate Partner Violence in Rural and Urban Women

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/vivi.21.2.167 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 167-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

Lisa Shannon ◽

TK Logan ◽

Jennifer Cole ◽

Karen Medley

Keyword(s):

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Rural Women ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Help Seeking ◽

Urban Women ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Different Types ◽

And Coping

Women experiencing intimate partner violence may use a variety of help-seeking resources and coping strategies. The purpose of this study was to examine rural (n = 378) and urban (n = 379) women’s help seeking, coping, and perceptions of the helpfulness of resources used in dealing with partner violence. Overall, results suggest that women from both areas utilized a variety of help-seeking resources and coping strategies in significantly different ways. Urban women used more help-seeking resources than rural women. Urban and rural women used different types of resources. Rural women perceived the justice system services as less helpful than urban women. Coping strategies and help seeking are related, with problem-focused coping associated with the use of more formalized help-seeking resources. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

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Psychological Intimate Partner Violence During Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: Threat of Violence Versus Other Verbal and Emotional Abuse

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 383-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jacqueline Gentry ◽

Beth A. Bailey

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Psychological Abuse ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Abuse During Pregnancy

Although physical abuse during pregnancy has been linked to poor birth outcomes, the role of psychological abuse is less well understood. Associations between birth outcomes and types of psychological abuse during pregnancy (being threatened, screamed at, or insulted) were examined in 489 women with no history of physical abuse. Being threatened was significantly associated with adverse birth outcomes, with women reporting any instance during pregnancy twice as likely to deliver a low birth weight baby. These results remained after controlling for background factors. Finally, most of the variance between threats and birth weight was accounted for by mediating health behaviors (specifically prenatal care utilization and pregnancy weight gain), suggesting pathways for the negative effects of being threatened by an intimate partner during pregnancy.

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Quality of life of post-menopausal women residing in rural and urban areas of Sikkim, India

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184979 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 5125 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barkha Devi ◽

Prerna Karki ◽

Rajnee Chhetry ◽

Neelam Sharma ◽

Manisha Niroula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Rural Women ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Women ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

The Mean ◽

Post Menopausal

Background: Menopause is an inevitable reproductive phase during midlife when various physical and mental changes may impair the quality of life of women. The presence and severity of symptoms vary tremendously from woman to woman and can last from months to years during this transitional period. This study was conducted to assess the quality of life and menopause related problems among post-menopausal women residing rural and urban areas of Sikkim.Methods: Descriptive explorative study was done in East Sikkim among 120 rural and urban post-menopausal women who were in the age group of 45 years and above, had attained natural menopause and didn’t have menstruation from last one year, were selected through purposive sampling technique. Women with induced menopause, hysterectomy, receiving hormonal treatment were excluded. Along with collection of socio-demographic data, the Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the Quality of life based on experience of the symptoms through interview technique.Results: The mean menopausal age was 48±3.649 years in rural area and 47±3.831 years for urban area. The mean scores in quality of life between post-menopausal women in rural areas (M=136.6, SD=28.78) were found significantly impaired and the difference was found statistically significant (t=5.75 p<0.001) which shows that rural women were having impaired quality of life as compared to urban women during post-menopausal period. The findings also revealed that factors affecting the quality of life of postmenopausal women were the history of menopause, occupation of women, in urban women and time of attending menopause, in rural women.Conclusions: The present study shows that menopause related symptoms had a negative effect on the quality of life of the post-menopausal women. Such studies can help in creating awareness and in educating women on the early identification of the common menopausal symptoms.

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Unmet Need for Family Planning among Married Women: Experience from Rural and Urban Communities

Faridpur Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/fmcj.v8i1.16894 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Asma Kabir ◽

Md Nazrul Islam ◽

Ayesha Afroz Chowdhury ◽

Shyamali Das ◽

Md Zafor Sadeque

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Urban Communities ◽

Rural Women ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Urban Women ◽

Married Women ◽

Child Birth ◽

Age At Marriage ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

First Child

Unmet need for family planning is the key indicator to achieve Millennium Development Goal by the year 2015. Bangladesh Government has a great success in family planning sector but population has almost doubled in recent years. This study was carried out among married women to compare the determinants of unmet need for family planning among rural and urban communities during the period from July 2010 to June 2011. Unmet need for family planning in rural community was found 18(12%) and in urban community it was 38(25.3%). Among rural women unmet need for limiter was 13(8.6%) and spacer was 5(3.4%) while limiter 29(19.4%) and spacer 9(5.9%) found among urban women. Mean age at marriage was found 17.97(SD±2.66) years and mean age at first child birth was 19.91(SD±2.71) years among rural women. Among urban women mean age at marriage was found 20.43(SD±4.08) years and mean age at first child birth was 22.55 (SD±4.3) years. Current contraceptive users among rural women was 7 9(52.7%) while it was 61(40.7%) among urban women. In this study, association between unmet need for family planning and freedom of choice of contraceptives was highly significant (p=0.001). To increase contraceptive prevalence rate and reduction of unplanned pregnancy, more emphasis should be given on unmet need for family planning. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v8i1.16894 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2013;8(1): 26-30

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Use of Alternative Medicine Among Women in an Urban And Rural Area of Bangladesh

Journal of Medical Science & Research ◽

10.47648/jmsr.2015.v2401.03 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (Number 1) ◽

pp. 13-21

Author(s):

N Haque ◽

M A Aleem ◽

M Haque

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Alternative Medicine ◽

Rural Women ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Women ◽

Spiritual Healing ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban

Alternative medicine (AM) has been widely practiced to manage health in many parts of the world for long. Pattern of use of AM differs by geographical locations and culture. Previous study findings suggest clear urban-rural divide on the frequency and pattern of use of AM This study was conducted to focus on this area for which little evidence exists within Bangladeshi context. Total of 230 women (115 from both rural and urban areas) of ?18 years of age were enrolled to collect information on frequency and pattern of use of AM in Bangladesh using structured questionnaire. The information was compared between the rural and urban areas to infer statistically significant differences. Proportion of participants using AM was greater among rural compared to urban women (67% vs 42%; p<0,004 The most commonly used modality of AM by urban was Homeopathy as opposed to Kaviraji and spiritual healing by rural users (75% vs 63% and 42% respectively; p<0.05). Relatively more among the urban were past users as opposed to greater proportion among rural respondents being current users of AM Simultaneous usage of both alternative and conventional method were more common among urban women. Most of urban had AM on daily basis in contrast to majority among rural users using it only once in a while. The most frequently treated conditions by AM were stiff or painful joints and arthritis among both groups and there were no significant statistical differences in this regard. Rural women used AM more often compared to women in urban setting. Homeopathy was the most commonly used modality of Al among urban in contrast to Kaviraji or spiritual healing among rural women. There were statistically significant differences for certain pattern of use of AM between women in urban and rural areas. Issues related to availability of conventional health care facilities, health care behavior and socio-demographic factors may play crucial role for these differences. Study with greater number of samples along with qualitative research methods to better characterize AM usage in both rural and urban settings are recommended.

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Estimating spread of violent behaviour with children

Social Psychology and Society ◽

10.17759/sps.2016070202 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 19-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E.N. Volkova ◽

I.V. Volkova ◽

O.M. Isaeva

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Physical Abuse ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Emotional Abuse ◽

Psychological Abuse ◽

Violent Behaviour ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

High Level ◽

At Home

The article is to problems of violence (physical, psychological, sexual) to children in the region of Nyzhniy Novgorod in the Russian Federation. It was used international tool for questionnaire ICAST-C. В исследовании приняли участие 227 children par- ticipated in this study (131 girls, 96 boys) in the age of 11 to 18 years old. The results show that 78,4% of children have some experience of violence and abuse. 3/4 — in family, and 2/3 — at school. High level of psychological abuse at home was shown (more than 2/3 ), at home it is more often than at school (54% versus 30%). Children suffer from physical abuse at home (49% versus 33% at school). Though they suffer from sexual abuse at school (27%). All kinds of abuse take place among girls as well as among boys. Except physical abuse at school where it is more usual among boys (45%), versus (33%) girls. Girls suffer more at home. Teenagers suffer less, than youngsters. Emotional abuse is not spread widely (40% versus 60—75% in other groups). In general they suffer from sexual abuse not often, though it is usually at home (8,5% cases).

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Influence of Cut-Points on Patterns of Accelerometry-Measured Free-Living Physical Activity in Rural and Urban Black South African Women

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.9.2.300 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 300-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Ian Cook ◽

Marianne Alberts ◽

Estelle V. Lambert

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

South African ◽

Rural Women ◽

Urban Women ◽

African Women ◽

Physically Active ◽

Cut Points ◽

Black South African ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

South African Women

Background:We describe the effect of 2 different accelerometer cut-points on physical activity (PA) patterns in rural and urban black South African women.Methods:Hip-mounted uni-axial accelerometers were worn for 6 to 7 days by rural (n = 272) and urban (n = 16) participants. Twenty-hour (4 AM to 12 AM) PA counts (cts) and volumes (min·day−1) were extracted: sedentary (SED, <100 cts·min−1), light (100–759 cts·min−1), moderate-1 (MOD1, 760–1951 cts·min−1), moderate-2 to vigorous (MOD2VG, ≥1952 cts·min−1), and bouts ≥10 min for ≥760 cts·min−1 (MOD1VGbt) and ≥1952 cts·min−1 (MOD2VGbt).Results:Valid data were obtained from 263 rural women and 16 urban women. Total counts and average counts were higher (+80,399 cts·day−1, +98 cts·min−1.day−1) (P < .01), SED lower (−61 min·day−1, P = .0042), MOD1 higher (+65 min·day−1, P < .0001), and MOD1VGbt higher (+19 min·day−1, P = .0179) in rural women compared with urban women. Estimated adherence (≥30 min·day−1 for 5 days·wk−1) was 1.4-fold higher in rural women than urban women for MOD-1VGbt, but 3.3-fold higher in urban women than rural women for MOD2VGbt.Conclusions:Rural women accumulate greater amounts of PA than urban women within a particular count band. Depending on which moderate PA cut-point was used to estimate PA public health adherence, rural women could be classified as less physically active than urban women.

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