A physiological model of human mobility: A global study

AbstractThe movement of people has led to several challenges in terms of traffic congestion, energy consumption, emissions and climate change. Human mobility modelling is currently described mainly through socio-economic variables, such as travel time, travel costs, income and car-ownership. The overall objective of this paper is to relate mobility behaviour based on measurable entities of travel time and distance and the entities of speed. A simple underlying mechanism of human mobility is presented based on the human energy expended. The energy is related firstly to the average values of travel modes. Explicit formulas for the distribution within each travel mode are developed and the concept is also shown to apply to multi-modal mobility. The approach is described in its most basic and fundamental form, but opens up perspectives for new applications and analyses approaches to transport modelling, planning and appraisals. The approach shows that travel time and distance are consistently inversely proportional and limited by the physiological power consumption. The basic hypothesis and the related verifications is shown on all modal combinations of daily mobility with a median R2 of around 0.8. The approach is validated using national travel surveys of Germany, Switzerland, UK and US, spanning over five decades to 2018.

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Values of Travel Time for Recreational Trips under Different Behavioural Rules

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126831 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6831

Author(s):

Rosa Marina González ◽

Concepción Román ◽

Ángel Simón Marrero

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

National Parks ◽

Traffic Congestion ◽

National Park ◽

Revealed Preference ◽

Discrete Choice Models ◽

Model Specification ◽

Regret Minimization ◽

Random Regret Minimization

In this study, discrete choice models that combine different behavioural rules are estimated to study the visitors’ preferences in relation to their travel mode choices to access a national park. Using a revealed preference survey conducted on visitors of Teide National Park (Tenerife, Spain), we present a hybrid model specification—with random parameters—in which we assume that some attributes are evaluated by the individuals under conventional random utility maximization (RUM) rules, whereas others are evaluated under random regret minimization (RRM) rules. We then compare the results obtained using exclusively a conventional RUM approach to those obtained using both RUM and RRM approaches, derive monetary valuations of the different components of travel time and calculate direct elasticity measures. Our results provide useful instruments to evaluate policies that promote the use of more sustainable modes of transport in natural sites. Such policies should be considered as priorities in many national parks, where negative transport externalities such as traffic congestion, pollution, noise and accidents are causing problems that jeopardize not only the sustainability of the sites, but also the quality of the visit.

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Traffic congestion and travel time prediction based on historical congestion maps and identification of consensual days

Transportation Research Part C Emerging Technologies ◽

10.1016/j.trc.2020.102920 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 124 ◽

pp. 102920

Author(s):

Nicolas Chiabaut ◽

Rémi Faitout

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Traffic Congestion ◽

Travel Time Prediction ◽

Time Prediction

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Measuring Recurrent and Nonrecurrent Traffic Congestion

Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board ◽

10.3141/1856-12 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 1856 (1) ◽

pp. 118-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 84

Author(s):

Alexander Skabardonis ◽

Pravin Varaiya ◽

Karl F. Petty

Keyword(s):

Los Angeles ◽

Travel Time ◽

San Francisco ◽

Traffic Congestion ◽

Real Life ◽

Time Variability ◽

Loop Detectors ◽

Bay Area ◽

Freeway Corridors ◽

Travel Time Variability

A methodology and its application to measure total, recurrent, and nonrecurrent (incident related) delay on urban freeways are described. The methodology used data from loop detectors and calculated the average and the probability distribution of delays. Application of the methodology to two real-life freeway corridors in Los Angeles, California, and one in the San Francisco, California, Bay Area, indicated that reliable measurement of congestion also should provide measures of uncertainty in congestion. In the three applications, incident-related delay was found to be 13% to 30% of the total congestion delay during peak periods. The methodology also quantified the congestion impacts on travel time and travel time variability.

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Road Traffic Congestion Management Based on a Search-Allocation Approach

Transport and Telecommunication Journal ◽

10.1515/ttj-2017-0003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 25-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jamal Raiyn

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Real Time ◽

Traffic Congestion ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Road Traffic ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Congestion Management ◽

Shortest Route ◽

Road Traffic Congestion

Abstract This paper introduces a new scheme for road traffic management in smart cities, aimed at reducing road traffic congestion. The scheme is based on a combination of searching, updating, and allocation techniques (SUA). An SUA approach is proposed to reduce the processing time for forecasting the conditions of all road sections in real-time, which is typically considerable and complex. It searches for the shortest route based on historical observations, then computes travel time forecasts based on vehicular location in real-time. Using updated information, which includes travel time forecasts and accident forecasts, the vehicle is allocated the appropriate section. The novelty of the SUA scheme lies in its updating of vehicles in every time to reduce traffic congestion. Furthermore, the SUA approach supports autonomy and management by self-regulation, which recommends its use in smart cities that support internet of things (IoT) technologies.

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Human mobility models reveal the underlying mechanism of seasonal movements across China

International Journal of Modern Physics C ◽

10.1142/s0129183122500541 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bing Song ◽

Xiao-Yong Yan ◽

Suoyi Tan ◽

Bin Sai ◽

Shengjie Lai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Traffic Engineering ◽

Human Mobility ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Gravity Models ◽

Mobility Models ◽

Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽

Population Movements ◽

Different Types ◽

Before And After ◽

Time Periods

Understanding the spatial interactions of human mobility is crucial for urban planning, traffic engineering, as well as for the prevention and control of infectious diseases. Although many models have been developed to model human mobility, it is not clear whether such models could also capture the traveling mechanisms across different time periods (e.g. workdays, weekends or holidays). With one-year long nationwide location-based service (LBS) data in China, we investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of population movements during different time periods, and make thorough comparisons for the applicability of five state-of-the-art human mobility models. We find that population flows show significant periodicity and strong inequality across temporal and spatial distribution. A strong “backflow” effect is found for cross-city movements before and after holidays. Parameter fitting of gravity models reveals that travels in different type of days consider the attractiveness of destinations and cost of distance differently. Surprisingly, the comparison indicates that the parameter-free opportunity priority selection (OPS) model outperforms other models and is the best to characterize human mobility in China across all six different types of days. However, there is still an urgent need for development of more dedicated models for human mobility on weekends and different types of holidays.

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Minimizing Traffic Congestion Through Continuous-Time Route Reservations With Travel Time Predictions

IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles ◽

10.1109/tiv.2018.2886684 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 141-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Charalambos Menelaou ◽

Stelios Timotheou ◽

Panayiotis Kolios ◽

Christos G. Panayiotou ◽

Marios M. Polycarpou

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Continuous Time ◽

Traffic Congestion

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170 Social and Environmental Benefits of Virtual Fracture Clinics in Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery: Reduced Patient Travel Time, Patient Cost and Air Pollutant Emissions

British Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1093/bjs/znab259.444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽

Author(s):

J Fort ◽

H Hughes ◽

U Khan ◽

A Glynn

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Travel Distance ◽

Air Pollutant ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Pollutant Emissions ◽

Patient Cost ◽

Travel Costs ◽

Patient Travel ◽

Travel Burden

Abstract Aim Several papers have analysed the clinical benefits and safety of Virtual Fracture Clinics (VFCs). A significant increase in the use of Trauma and Orthopaedic (T&O) VFCs was seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the social impact of VFCs on the travel burden and travel costs of T&O patients, as well as the potential environmental benefits in relation to fuel consumption and travel-related pollutant emissions. Method All patients referred for T&O VFC review from March 2020 to June 2020 were retrospectively analysed. The travel burden and environmental impacts of hypothetical face-to-face consultations were compared with these VFC reviews. The primary outcomes measured were patient travel time saved, patient travel distance saved, patient cost savings and reduction in air-pollutant emissions. Results Over a four-month period, 1359 VFC consultations were conducted. The average travel distance saved by VFC review was 88.6 kilometres (range 3.3-615), with an average of 73 minutes (range 9-390) of travel-time saved. Patients consumed, on average, 8.2 litres (range 0.3-57.8) less fuel and saved an average of €11.02 (range 0.41-76.59). The average reduction in air-pollutant vehicle emissions, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxides and volatile organic compounds was 20.3 kilograms (range 0.8-140.8), 517.3 grams (g) (range 19.3-3592.3), 38.1g (range 1.4-264.8) and 56.9g (range 2.1-395.2), respectively. Conclusions VFCs reduce patient travel distance, travel time and travel costs. In addition, VFCs confer significant environmental benefits through reduced fuel consumption and reduction of harmful environmental emissions.

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Estimates of Economic Cost of Congestion Travel Time Delay Between Onne-Seaport and Eleme-Junction Traffic Corridor

LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics ◽

10.2478/logi-2020-0013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 33-43

Author(s):

Theophilus C. Nwokedi ◽

Lazarus I. Okoroji ◽

Ifiok Okonko ◽

Obed C. Ndikom

Keyword(s):

Time Delay ◽

Travel Time ◽

Traffic Congestion ◽

Traffic Management ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Economic Cost ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Research Approach ◽

Traffic Corridor ◽

Output Losses

AbstractTravelers along the Onne-seaport to Eleme-junction road corridor in the hub of the oil and gas industry in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria, have continued to experience very serious traffic congestion travel time delays, culminating into loss of man-hours and declining productivity. This study estimated the economic cost of traffic congestion travel time delay along the corridor, with a view to providing economic justification for developing traffic management policies and road infrastructure, to remedy it. A mixed research approach was adopted in which data was sourced through field survey and from secondary sources. The gross output model was used to estimate the output losses occasioned by productive time losses related to traffic congestion. The study established that the average daily traffic congestion travel time delay along the traffic corridor by travelers in trucks, car, bus and taxi modes are 104.17 minutes, 46.60 minutes, 58.5 minutes and 56.4 minutes respectively. The estimated daily aggregate economic cost of output losses associated with traffic congestion time delay on the corridor is 46049809.8 naira (210923.5USD) for all modes. This justifies any investment in traffic congestion remedial strategies along the route.

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Service quality of transit and demand-supply forecasting for ride-hailing in the Jakarta Greater Area, Indonesia

Journal of Engineering Research ◽

10.36909/jer.14725 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gito Sugiyanto ◽

◽

Yanto Yanto ◽

Aris Wibowo ◽

Teguh Wiji Astoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Service Quality ◽

Travel Time ◽

Waiting Time ◽

Time Travel ◽

Transportation Services ◽

Travel Costs ◽

Research Findings ◽

Supply Model ◽

Better Than

The extensive use of smartphones by individuals has led innovators to develop application-based transportation services. Ride-hailing systems have been extensively operated in more than 600 cities worldwide. With the competition between taxis and ride-hailing, the number of fleets must be regulated. Identifying factors that influence the demand of taxi and ride-hailing and how the quality transit service is very important. The aims of this research are to identify the factors that influence demand for taxis and ride-hailing and the service quality of taxis and ride-hailing service. The study identified socio-demographic and trip characteristics from 949 respondents in the Jakarta Greater area, Indonesia. Respondents interviewed about the waiting time, travel time and travel costs for the origin-destination of trips that are most often done using taxi, ride-hailing, and bus. The service quality of ride-hailing and taxi was analyzed based on the respondent’s preferences from an important-performance analysis survey. The forecasting demand of taxi and ride-hailing in the Jakarta Greater area using demand-supply model is 71,660 vehicles. The research findings are that service quality of ride-hailing is better than conventional taxis based on waiting time, travel time and travel cost variable.

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Kajian Preferensi Masyarakat dan Sikap Pemerintah Terkait Reaktivasi (Penghidupan Kembali) Jalur Kereta Api Semarang - Yogyakarta

Jurnal Wilayah dan Lingkungan ◽

10.14710/jwl.3.3.189-202 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Reinaldo Butar Butar

Keyword(s):

Travel Time ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Study Finding ◽

Highway Infrastructure ◽

Travel Costs ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

The Government ◽

Mode Of Transport ◽

Community Preferences

The cross of Semarang – Magelang – Yogyakarta along ± 130 km is now connected to the highway infrastructure. This condition makes the highway based on the road be the only alternative modes of transportation used by people to travel. This condition makes some roads that cross Bawen – Ambarawa – Magelang – Yogyakarta experienced a density that resulted in congestion. The government has a policy to reactive the railroad that once operated as a mode of transport cross Semarang-Yogyakarta. If this policy is implemented, people will have a choice of alternative modes of transportation. The study aims to assess people's preferences and attitudes related to the government policies reactivation of the rail lines cross Semarang – Yogyakarta. This study was conducted using a mixture of qualitative and quantitative research. The analysis was performed by descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods, which is after scoring the analysis results obtained community preferences, cross tabulation analysis and continued with qualitative descriptive analysis. This study finding is the variables such as travel costs, travel time, accessibility and qualitative attitude (comfort, security and safety) have relationships with community preferences to switch to using the railway mode. Then, when the public preference is compared with the attitude of the government, the result is there is a match between the preferences of public and the government's attitude for the qualitative attitude and accessibility variables. However, travel costs and travel time variables are the mismatch between what the preferences of the community with what the government's position.

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