Linking Site Investigation Efforts to Final Design Savings with Simplified Reliability-Based Design Methods

2014 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 04013032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianye Ching ◽  
Kok-Kwang Phoon ◽  
Jiun-Wei Yu
Keyword(s):  
Site Investigation ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Final Design

Reducing shear strength uncertainties in clays by multivariate correlations

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianye Ching ◽  
Kok-Kwang Phoon ◽  
Yi-Chu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Economical Design ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Undrained Shear ◽  
Multivariate Correlations

Quantifications of uncertainties in soil shear strengths, including undrained shear strength of clay, are essential for geotechnical reliability-based design. In particular, how to reduce the uncertainties in undrained shear strengths based on all available information by correlation is a practical research subject, given the considerable cost of a typical site investigation. Although it is simple to reduce the uncertainties by correlation when the information is one dimensional (or univariate), it is quite challenging to reduce the uncertainties by using multivariate information through multiple correlations. This study proposes a systematic way of achieving multivariate correlations on undrained shear strengths. A set of simplified equations are obtained through Bayesian analysis for the purpose of reducing uncertainties: the inputs to the equations are the results of in situ or laboratory tests and the outputs are the updated mean values and coefficients of variation (c.o.v.s) of the undrained shear strengths. Two case studies are used to demonstrate the consistency of the proposed simplified equations. Results show that uncertainties in undrained shear strengths can be effectively reduced by incorporating multivariate information. Given that reliability-based design can justify more economical design with reduced uncertainties, the proposed equations essentially link the value of more and better tests directly to final design savings.

scholarly journals DESAIN SARANA BAWA DENGAN MEJA PORTABEL UNTUK PERALATAN MENGGAMBAR ILUSTRATOR DIGITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilvan Maulana ◽  
Dwi Cahyadi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Facilities Design ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Design Proposal ◽  
Alternative Designs ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Additional Option

ABSTRAK Menggambar adalah kegiatan meniru barang, manusia, binatang dan sebagainya yang dibuat dengan coretan pensil atau alat lainnya pada sebuah media. Orang yang menggambar dengan teknik digital atau bekerja sebagai pembuat ilustrasi digital biasa disebut sebagai Ilustrator Digital. Meskipun ilustrator digital sudah merupakan profesi yang memiliki peralatannya sendiri untuk dipakai akan tetapi belum ada media atau sarana bawa yang dikhususkan untuk membawa peralatan menggambar tersebut. Selain sarana bawa, meja yang bisa dibawa kemanapun saat pergi keluar dapat menjadi opsi tambahan ketika seorang ilustrator ingin menggambar di luar di tempat yang tidak tersedia meja. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam perancangan produk ini adalah membuat produk berupa sarana bawa dan penyimpanan untuk peralatan menggambar Ilustrator Digital yang ergonomis dan sesuai dengan karakter ilustrator digital, memiliki dimensi yang sesuai dengan peralatan menggambar yang dibawa dan dapat dijadikan alas untuk menggambar. Dengan berbagai metode perencanaan dan perancangan yang diantaranya adalah pengumpulan data, konsep desain, alternatif desain, pengembangan desain hingga mencapai desain akhir, diharapkan usulan desain ini dapat memberi masukan bagi pihak-pihak terkait untuk dapat melengkapi hal-hal yang belum tercapai pada Desain Sarana Bawa Dengan Meja Portabel Untuk Peralatan Menggambar Ilustrator Digital ini. Kata kunci: ilustrator digital, sarana bawa, meja portabel, peralatan menggambar   ABSTRACT Drawing is an activity to imitate goods, humans, animals and so on that are made with pencil strokes or other tools on a media. People who draw with digital techniques or work as digital illustration makers are commonly referred to as Digital Illustrators. Even though digital illustrators are already professions that have their own equipment to use, there is no media or means to carry specifically to carry the drawing equipment. In addition to carrying facilities, a table that can be carried anywhere when going out can be an additional option when an illustrator wants to draw outside where there is no table. The goal to be achieved in designing this product is to make a product in the form of a vehicle and storage for drawing equipment Digital illustrators who are ergonomic and in accordance with the character of digital illustrators, have dimensions that are suitable for drawing equipment that can be used as a base for drawing. With a variety of planning and design methods which include data collection, design concepts, alternative designs, development of designs to achieve the final design, it is expected that this design proposal can provide input for relevant parties to be able to complete the things that have not been achieved in the Carrying Facilities Design With Portable Tables For Digital Illustrator's Drawing Equipment. Keywords: digital illustrator, means of carrying, portable desk, drawing equipment

Reliability-based design of automobile components

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Zhang ◽  
Q Liu
Keyword(s):  
Perturbation Method ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Reliability Design ◽  
Second Moment ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Automobile Components

Techniques from the perturbation method, the second moment and reliability-based design theory are employed to present a practical and effective method for the reliability-based design of automobile components. The theoretical formulae of reliability-based design of automobile components. are obtained. The reliability-based design methods are employed to develop the reliability design of automobile axles and springs. The corresponding program can be used to obtain the reliability- based design parameters of automobile components accurately and quickly.

Limit states and reliability-based design for a non-codified problem of aqueduct buoyancy

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 869-883
Author(s):  
Gil Robinson ◽  
James Graham ◽  
Ken Skaftfeld ◽  
Ron Sorokowski
Keyword(s):  
Design Methods ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Safety Factors ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Limit States ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Working Stress ◽  
Engineering Problems ◽  
Partial Safety Factors

Limit states design methods and engineering judgement have been used to assess buoyancy issues for remediation of the 85 year old Shoal Lake Aqueduct in Manitoba. The study demonstrates how these methods can be applied to non-codified engineering problems. Four separate buoyancy analyses were completed using (i) partial safety factors from the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, (ii) project-specific partial safety factors, (iii) Monte Carlo simulation techniques, and (iv) working stress design (WSD) methods. Engineering judgement was required to develop a buoyancy model, interpret data for modeling parameters, and provide meaningful values for parameters that could not be measured. Results from the analyses show that more uniform reliability is provided when measured variability of the model parameters is accounted for. The reliability is not quantifiable when working stress design methods are used. Key words: limit states, probability, non-codified problem, aqueduct, buoyancy.

Reliability-based design methods for protective structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Twisdale ◽  
R.H. Sues ◽  
F.M. Lavelle
Keyword(s):  
Design Methods ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Protective Structures

scholarly journals Reliability-based versus allowable stress design of foundations for the Center for Missouri Studies building

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Nathaniel Frank Dummerth
Keyword(s):  
Geotechnical Engineering ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Allowable Stress ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Geotechnical Parameters ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Geotechnical Database ◽  
The University ◽  
Allowable Stress Design

Uncertainty in design parameters is inherent to the field of geotechnical engineering. Allowable stress design has conventionally been used for foundation design and accounts for uncertainty in geotechnical parameters and consequences of failure by assigning a global factor of safety. Allowable stress design is typically a conservative approach and may result in increased construction costs. The objective of the thesis is to compare allowable stress design with reliability-based design of foundations. The secondary objective is to initiate a 'living' database of geotechnical parameters for the University of Missouri - Columbia Campus, which will be expanded by future graduate students. A geologic history and site investigation results are presented to characterize subsurface conditions for the Center for Missouri Studies building in Columbia, Missouri and are entered into the geotechnical database. The existing foundation system of the Center for Missouri Studies building is evaluated using allowable stress design methods. The existing foundation system is reconsidered using reliability-based design. In a reliability-based design, uncertainty is quantified by evaluating the distribution of geotechnical strength parameters and structural loads. Two alternative foundation types are also considered. Reliability-based design was shown to be less conservative than allowable stress design. Both methods produced safe and reliable results, but foundation costs were reduced by seven (7) to thirty-five (35) percent when reliability-based design was used. The probability of failure of the foundations was acceptable from both design methods, but was unnecessarily conservative when using allowable stress design. A final objective of the thesis is to provide a template for future geotechnical engineering students to assemble an interactive geotechnical database and detailed subsurface profile for the University of Missouri-Columbia Campus. Appropriate use of the database and increased implementation of reliability-based design can reduce future design and construction costs of local foundations while assuring acceptable levels of reliability.

scholarly journals Spatial Correlation of Cone Tip Resistance for Soil in Nasiriyah

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 413-429
Author(s):  
Ressol R. Shakir
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Polynomial Degree ◽  
Reliability Based Design ◽  
Cone Tip Resistance ◽  
Tip Resistance

Background:Quantification of soil property spatial variations is an important step in any reliability-based design. Little stochastic parameter information about the soil in Nasiriyah, which is in southern Iraq, is available.Methods:In this paper, the Scale Of Fluctuation (SOF) for the site soil is examined, which is suggested for construction of the refinery fuel station project as no random parametric quantity has been studied in this region. A Cone Penetration Test (CPT) was performed as part of the site investigation to a depth of 20 m in the vertical direction, and 24 CPTs were analyzed within the site. The spatial correlation was computed using four methods, including Single Exponent (SNE), Square Exponent (SQE), Cosine Exponent (CSE) and Second-Order Markov (SOM). Identification of the soil type depended on the most recent classification chart, which is based on CPT results. The spatial correlation was evaluated for the vertical direction considering the cone tip resistance (qc) component. Three trend functions were applied to all CPT soundings, including linear, quadratic and cubic polynomials, which were utilized to transform the non-stationary data to stationary data. Three modes of soil were employed, including the eight-meter soil layer, a twelve-meter soil layer and the entire twenty meters of soil, which includes both layers.Results and Discussion:The mean values of SOF were 0.54 m, 0.53 m, and 1.73 m for soil layers 8 m, 12 m, and 20 m, respectively. The high value of the last mean is attributed to the 20 m of stratification in the ground. This study also indicates that the SOF decreases as the polynomial degree increases, which is due to enhanced fitting. The coefficient of variation (COV) for the SOF shows little variability for most of the studied soil cases.

DESAIN TAS UNTUK KOMUNITAS SUGAR GLIDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khairil Abidin ◽  
Etwin Fibrianie Suprapto
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Sugar Glider ◽  
Final Design ◽  
Design Proposal

ABSTRAK Sugar glider merupakan hewan endemik sejenis Marsupial (mamalia berkantung) Omnivora. Merupakan satu keluarga dengan Koala dan Kangguru dan mempunyai bentuk tubuh menyerupai tupai yang aktif di malam hari (nocturnal). Sugar glider mempunyai sarana bawa khusus yang membuat sugar glider nyaman ketika dibawa pergi. Karena itu untuk memudahkan dan membuat sugar glider agar nyaman ketika dibawa pergi dibutuhkan tas khusus untuk sugar glider bisa bernafas didalam tas, yang membedakan tas ini dari tas sebelumnya adalah pada bagian dalam alas tas dapat dilepas dan dipasang agar memudahkan penggunanya untuk membersihkan bagian dalam tas ketika sugar glider buang air. Karenanya tujuan perancangan produk ini ialah mendesain sarana bawa yang memiliki alas yang dapat dilepas dan dipasang dengan metode perencanaan dan perancangan yaitu: preliminary design, design development, final design, dan prototype. Usulan desain ini dapat mengatasi kekurangan pada produk sebelumnya, serta mempermudah para pencinta sugar glider untuk membawa dan membasuh tasnya. Kata kunci : Sugar glider, sarana bawa, mengatasi kekurangan.   ABSTRACT Sugar gliders are an endemic species similar to Marsupial (marsupial mammals) Omnivores Which is a family with Koalas and Kangaroo and has a squirrel-like body shape and is nocturnal. Sugar gliders have a special carrying tool that makes sugar gliders comfortable when taken away. Therefore to make it easy and make sugar gliders comfortable when taken away, a special bag for the sugar glider can breathe inside the bag, what distinguishes this bag from the previous bag is the removable and fitted inner bag to make it easier for users to clean the inside of the bag when sugar gliders urinate. Therefore the purpose of designing this product is to design a carrying device that has a removable and installed base with planning and design methods, namely: preliminary design, design development, final design, and prototype. This design proposal can overcome the shortcomings in the previous product, and make it easier for lovers of sugar gliders to carry and wash their bags. Keywords: Sugar gliders, means of carrying, overcoming shortcomings.

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