A Driving Simulator Based Integrated Approach for Road Geometry Validation: An Assessment of the Road Safety Standards

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Benedetto ◽  
Maria Rosaria De Blasiis ◽  
Andrea Benedetto
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Geometry

scholarly journals Case Study for Road Safety Audit of Aurangabad City

2020 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Prashant Awsarmal ◽  
S. L. Hake ◽  
Shubham Vaidya ◽  
P. K. Bhandari ◽  
M. P. Wagh
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Road Safety Audit

Efficient road network is a part-n-parcel of rapid industralization, urbanization and development of nation. While designing roads and highways, main emphasis is given on speed which will help to reduce time of journey and save fuel. But safety of drivers and passengers travelling along road is also important. In past, it was observed that while travelling, due to excess speed passengers safety was compromised. It will lead to accidents. It may cause severe injuries and loss of human life. Therefore it is important to check every aspect of vehicles as well as road during its design, construction and throughout the life of the road. Road safety audit is conducted to check performance of new road projects on grounds of offering maximum safety. Also checks are applied to study performance of existing roads to suggest repairs, rehabiliatation and maintenance work in order to improve condition of roads. During audit process, accident prone locations are identified. Past accident record from traffic department, Police department, hospitals etc are referred to understand damage that had occured. Even road geometry is investigated on technical basis. In present investigation, particular stretch of Beed Bypass Road passing through Aurangabad city in Maharashtra state, India was selected. On this road, accident sites where major accidents occurred in past were identified and investigated for different parameters. Based upon study, different causes of accidents and thereafter preventive methods were recommended during research work.

scholarly journals Specifics of road safety inspection in tunnels

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Emir Smailovic ◽  
Boris Antić ◽  
Dalibor Pešić ◽  
Slaviš Beronja
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Road Tunnels

Tunnels are underground passages, placed horizontally, which serve to lead the road through them. In order to fulfill its purpose in road traffic, the tunnel must fit into the traffic infrastructure and as such not create an obstacle in movement and enable the movement of vehicles from entrance to exit without danger, but with increased restriction of freedom of lateral evacuation. Tunnels are among some of the most risky parts of the road network, primarily due to space constraints, where there is a possibility of a traffic accident. Managing the risks associated with the passage of road traffic, and in particular the safety of traffic in tunnels, is a serious problem in many countries. With the growing number of road users, it is necessary to adopt stricter standards regarding road tunnels. In addition to meeting these safety standards, factors such as operational requirements, economic efficiency, energy efficiency and state-of-the-art technology should also be taken into account when planning and equipping tunnels.

scholarly journals Features of Modelling the Highway Route Using a Single Spatial “B-spline” Curve of a High Degree

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Марат Абдуллин ◽  
Marat Abdullin ◽  
Антон Глазычев ◽  
Anton Glazychev ◽  
Валериян Муфтеев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Geometric Modeling ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Comparative Testing ◽  
The Road ◽  
Cad System ◽  
R Program ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Speed Mode ◽  
High Degree

The Russian road system is an important part of the transport structure. High wear, difficulty in driving, and a decrease in road safety lead to a decrease in the number of transportation in the country. In addition, imperfect road geometry does not allow increasing the speed mode on the highway. This article presents the features of the route simulation, taking into account the above disadvantages. The geometric aspects of the design of the road route in the plan are considered. Disadvantages and limitations of existing tracing methods are shown. The task is to select and adapt a geometric modeling program to solve the problems of high-quality road tracing in the plan. The «FairCurveModeler» program is proposed for geometric modelling of high quality curves according to smoothness criteria. A comparative testing of the methods of the «FairCurveModele»r program with the methods of the top CAD system «NX12» is carried out. The results obtained allow for a smoother construction of curves in the design of automobile and other routes.

Senior Driver Performance on Airport Road Access Wayfinding Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 4937-4942
Author(s):  
Nur Khairiel Anuar ◽  
Rohafiz Sabar ◽  
Mazli Mutazam
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driving Behavior ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Simulated Driving ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Driver Performance ◽  
Study Participants

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the wayfinding and signage provisions, sensitivity of senior driving behavior and road safety. Three scenario types were designed using driving simulator to simplify the airport navigation and driving complexity of the road designs to the airport. An assorted road furniture was included on alternative airport road access to provide a variety of wayfinding complexity. Fifteen experience car drivers in range of age 50–54, 55–59 and over 60 years were selected to perform the study. Participants were asked to drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The types of errors (parameter) of simulated driving were identified, evaluated and compared to the age group. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and discussed with reference to the use of driving simulator. The ANOVA confirmed that senior drivers’ age group have no significant effect on the airport road design, wayfinding and all research parameters; risk of collisions, exceed the speed limit, traffic light tickets, centerline crossings and road edge excursions.

scholarly journals Transitions Between Highly Automated and Longitudinally Assisted Driving: The Role of the Initiator in the Fight for Authority

2020 ◽  
pp. 001872082094618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Maggi ◽  
Richard Romano ◽  
Oliver Carsten
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Cruise Control ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Operational Design ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Driving Task

Objective A driving simulator study explored how drivers behaved depending on their initial role during transitions between highly automated driving (HAD) and longitudinally assisted driving (via adaptive cruise control). Background During HAD, drivers might issue a take-over request (TOR), initiating a transition of control that was not planned. Understanding how drivers behave in this situation and, ultimately, the implications on road safety is of paramount importance. Method Sixteen participants were recruited for this study and performed transitions of control between HAD and longitudinally assisted driving in a driving simulator. While comparing how drivers behaved depending on whether or not they were the initiators, different handover strategies were presented to analyze how drivers adapted to variations in the authority level they were granted at various stages of the transitions. Results Whenever they initiated the transition, drivers were more engaged with the driving task and less prone to follow the guidance of the proposed strategies. Moreover, initiating a transition and having the highest authority share during the handover made the drivers more engaged with the driving task and attentive toward the road. Conclusion Handover strategies that retained a larger authority share were more effective whenever the automation initiated the transition. Under driver-initiated transitions, reducing drivers’ authority was detrimental for both performance and comfort. Application As the operational design domain of automated vehicles (Society of Automotive Engineers [SAE] Level 3/4) expands, the drivers might very well fight boredom by taking over spontaneously, introducing safety issues so far not considered but nevertheless very important.

scholarly journals Driving simulator for evaluating the effects of road geometric design on driver behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Paula Bobermin ◽  
Melissa Mariana Silva ◽  
Sara Ferreira ◽  
J. C. C. Guedes ◽  
J. Santos Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Geometric Design ◽  
Systematic Review Protocol ◽  
Traffic Crashes ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Review Protocol ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Effective Use

The traditional approach adopted towards road safety is the analysis of risk factors that contribute to frequency or severity of traffic crashes. Many distinct elements play a role, simultaneously, in a crash occurrence, and, undoubtedly, geometric design of highways and its effect on human behavior are part of that equation. A valuable tool to investigate this interaction is the driving simulator. Nevertheless, experiment design, participants’ features, and data acquisition are detrimental factors for the effective use of this tool. This systematic review protocol is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P) Statement and presents a method to find evidence on driving simulator studies of road geometry effects on drivers´ behavior.

scholarly journals Incorrect U-turning of vehicles at intersections with traffic lights

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-145
Author(s):  
Tomasz Krukowicz ◽  
Krzysztof Firląg ◽  
Ewelina Sterniczuk
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Video Observation ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicle Type ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the problem of incorrect U-turns at intersections with traffic lights. Statistical data on road incidents related to U-turns are presented. Then, the international, Polish and foreign regulations concerning u-turning at intersections with traffic lights were analysed. The situations in which U-turns are allowed or prohibit-ed are presented. The differences in design rules for junctions with U-turns in different countries have been taken into account. A literature review was also carried out that outlined various current U-turns around the world, including the design of turning places, the location of turning points, road safety when turning, and the impact of U-turns on traffic conditions. The further part of the article presents the results of field tests of the U-turn at 6 intersections located in Warsaw. The research was conducted by video observation. The results were broken down by age, gender, place of regis-tration of the vehicle, type of vehicle, and the effect of incorrect turning. Data on road incidents at the examined intersections were also analysed. Data from the database kept by the Police were compared with the measure-ment data. A regression analysis was performed between the types of recorded incorrect manoeuvres and the number of accidents at the intersection. The results of statistical analysis carried out do not indicate the existence of a relationship between the number of identified incorrect U-turns and the number of road incidents at inter-sections. Based on the research, it was found that the phenomenon of incorrect U-turns at intersections with traffic lights is common, and the use of directional (protected) signals does not eliminate this phenomenon. The conclusions indicate practical solutions to reduce the number of illegally U-turning vehicles. The recommended actions are related to the stage of shaping the road network, designing the road geometry and organizing traffic and traffic lights, and auditing road safety, as well as the stage of road operation.

scholarly journals The impact of the interfaces of the driving automation system on a driver with regard to road traffic safety

2018 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 04011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Razin ◽  
Arkadiusz Matysiak ◽  
Mikołaj Kruszewski ◽  
Michał Niezgoda
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Automation System ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
System Interfaces ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Question

The article presents the results of the road safety-targeted research on the influence of driving automation system interfaces, regarding the highway chauffeur scenario. The verification of multisensory test stand operation was planned through the research targeting transfer of control in a driving simulator. Such examination on one hand allowed to verify its efficiency as a whole (as well as its modules), while on the other hand it helped to answer a significant question regarding the efficient and time-minimizing communication form with driver through the HMI. One of the main analyzed, road safety-targeted parameters was time needed for taking over the control of the vehicle. The results of conducted experiment show that providing the RtI information using all interfaces available in the vehicle may not to be the most effective way. The examinees achieved the best results when informed through visual and auditory interfaces (t=3,84 s). The next stage of the research will cover the analysis of the maneuvers made after the control takeover.

An Approach for Realistic Simulation of Real Road Condition in a Moving Base Driving Simulator

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bolling ◽  
Jonas Jansson ◽  
Mattias Hjort ◽  
Mats Lidström ◽  
Staffan Nordmark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
The Road ◽  
Projection Screen ◽  
Road Condition ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Moving Base ◽  
Road Data

With today’s advanced measurement equipment for monitoring road condition, it is possible to measure road geometry at high precision within a large span of wavelengths. Detailed information about the roads’ longitudinal and lateral profiles, including macro texture, would in theory be sufficient for a realistic reproduction of road induced vibration and noise in a driving simulator. Especially, it would be possible to create a direct connection between the visual information of the road condition and the ride experience, which would increase the level of realism in the simulation. VTI has, during three years, performed an internal project called SHAKE with the aim to develop and implement models in VTI driving simulator III that use measured road data for generating realistic vibrations and audible road noise connected to the visual impression presented on the projection screen. This has indeed resulted in a more realistic driving experience, and a validation study with test persons driving both in the simulator and in the field has been undertaken. The OpenDRIVE standard is used as a framework for describing the road properties (e.g., visual, vibrations, and noise). For this purpose, some augmentations to the OpenDRIVE standard had to be made. This paper describes the technical implementations in the driving simulator, along with results from test drives on the implemented road sections.

scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Factors and Individual Differences on Subjective Evaluation of Human-like and Conventional Automated Vehicle Controllers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foroogh Hajiseyedjavadi ◽  
Ewrin Boer ◽  
Richard Romano ◽  
Evangelos Paschalidis ◽  
Chongfeng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Driving Style ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Geometry

Achieving optimal performance in human-machine systems, such as highly automated vehicles, relies, in part, on individuals’ acceptance and use of the system, which is in turn affected by their enjoyment of engaging with, or experiencing, the system. This driving simulator study investigated individuals’ real-time subjective evaluation of four different Automated Vehicle (AV) driving styles, in different environmental contexts. Twenty-four participants were recruited to manually drive a contextually rich simulator environment, and to experience human-like and non-human-like AV driving styles, as well as the automated replay of their own manual drive. Their subjective real-time feedback towards these driving styles was analyzed. Our results showed that participants gave higher positive feedback towards the replay of their own drive, compared to the other three controllers. This difference was statistically significant, when compared to the high-speed controller (named as Fast), particularly for sharp curves. With respect to the replay of their own drive, participants gave higher negative feedback when navigating an Urban environment, compared to Rural settings. Moreover, changes in roadside furniture affected individuals’ feedback, and this effect was more prominent when the vehicle was driving closer to the edge of the road. Based on our results, we conclude that individuals’ perception of different AV driving styles changes based on different environmental conditions, including, but not limited to, road geometry and roadside furniture. These findings suggest that humans prefer a slower human-like driving style for AV controllers that adapts its speed and lateral offset to roadside objects and furniture. Investigating individual differences in AV driving style preference showed that low Sensation Seeking individuals preferred the slower human-like controller more than the faster human-like controller. Consideration of this human-centered feedback is important for the design of future AV controllers, to enhance individuals’ ride experience, and potentially improve acceptance and use of these vehicles.

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