Experimental Studies of Soil Load Transfer to Flexible Sewer Liners: Latest Results and Implications for Design

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Spasojevic ◽  
Robert Mair ◽  
John Gumbel
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Soil Load

Mechanical Behaviour of Steel-Concrete Twin I-Girder Bridges

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Lin ◽  
Heang Lam ◽  
Teruhiko Yoda
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
Bridge Model ◽  
Symmetrical Loading ◽  
Unsymmetrical Loading ◽  
Girder Bridge

<p>Steel-concrete composite twin I-girder bridges have been built a lot in both Europe and Japan, but the lack of redundancy has always been a concern in U.S. and many other countries. In addition, few experimental studies have been performed on the mechanical performance of such bridges, particularly for the intact bridges. On this background, a steel-concrete composite twin I-Girder bridge model was designed according to the current highway bridge design specification in Japan and tested in the laboratory. The static loading tests were performed, and two loading conditions including both symmetrical loading and unsymmetrical loading were applied. Load versus deflection relationships were measured in the loading test, and the failure mode of the test specimen was discussed. The flexural strain development on bottom flanges of two main girders was also reported in this paper to confirm the load transfer between two main girders. In addition, the theoretical results on the basis of the classic theory were also provided to compare with the test results. The comparison indicates that the theoretical analyses can predict the behaviour of the twin I-girder bridges very well in the elastic stage by considering the effective width of the slab. The load transfer paths in such bridges were also discussed on the basis of the test results under un-symmetrical loading.</p>

Effects of Friction on Post-Buckling Behavior and Axial Load Transfer in a Horizontal Well

SPE Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (04) ◽  
pp. 1104-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohua Gao ◽  
Stefan Miska
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Critical Load ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Proper Solution ◽  
Buckling Behavior ◽  
Post Buckling ◽  
Helical Buckling ◽  
Lateral Friction

Summary In this paper, the buckling equation and natural boundary conditions are derived with the aid of calculus of variations. The natural and geometric boundary conditions are used to determine the proper solution that represents the post-buckling configuration. Effects of friction and boundary conditions on the critical load of helical buckling are investigated. Theoretical results show that the effect of boundary conditions on helical buckling becomes negligible for a long pipe with dimensionless length greater than 5π Velocity analysis shows that lateral friction becomes dominant at the instant of buckling initiation. Thus, friction can increase the critical load of helical buckling significantly. However, once buckling is initiated, axial velocity becomes dominant again and lateral friction becomes negligible for post-buckling behavior and axial-load-transfer analysis. Consequently, it is possible to seek an analytical solution for the buckling equation. Analytical solutions for both sinusoidal and helical post-buckling configurations are derived, and a practical procedure for modeling of axial load transfer is proposed. To verify the proposed model and analytical results, the authors also conducted experimental studies. Experimental results support the proposed solutions.

scholarly journals DIAGRAMS OF VACUUM INSULATING PANEL DEFORMATION DURING COMPRESSION

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir P. SELYAEV ◽  
Nikolay N. KISELEV ◽  
Oleg V. LIYASKIN
Keyword(s):  
Stress State ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Deformation Diagram ◽  
Vacuum Insulation ◽  
Floor Slabs ◽  
Wall Panels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deformation Diagrams

The possibility of using vacuum insulation panels (VIP) with a granular filler for the manufacture of threelayer enclosing wall panels, floor slabs and coatings is considered. The results of experimental studies of vacuum insulation panels, carried out with the aim of analytically describing the deformation diagrams of VIP panels under the action of a compressive load, are presented. It has been established: deformative properties of vacuum insulation panels with granular filler do not depend on the size of the filler particles, but depend on the volume content of the filler; a deformation diagram describing the relationship between stresses and relative deformations during compression of a vacuum insulating panel with a granular filler can be approximated by the function G. B. Bülfinger. The results obtained make it possible by calculation to determine the stress state in flat plating sheets during local load transfer.

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Articular Chondrocyte Deformation: Calibration of a Multiscale Finite Element Model

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Bevill ◽  
Paul L. Briant ◽  
Thomas P. Andriacchi
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Cartilage Explants ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Articular Chondrocyte ◽  
Superficial Zone

Mechanical loading of chondrocytes in isolation [1] and of articular cartilage in culture [2] has been reported to be a potent regulator of chondrocyte metabolism. Experimental studies have related tissue-level and cell-level strains in mechanically loaded cartilage explants [3], but cannot be readily extended to address more physiologic loading cases. Numerical models, which might address this need, have primarily been axisymmetric [4, 5] or two-dimensional [6] and have idealized chondrocyte geometry. Given the complexity of the mechanism of the load transfer between the tissue and cell, however, there remains a lack of information regarding the in vivo level of cell stresses and strains. Thus, the purpose of this study was to develop a multiscale experimental/numerical approach to calibrate a three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of a chondrocyte based on experimentally derived chondrocyte morphology and deformation data. The method was than applied to determine the modulus of a chondrocyte located in the superficial zone.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of the progressive development of soil arching in column supported embankments

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Smith ◽  
Abdelmalek Bouazza ◽  
Louis King
Keyword(s):  
Load Transfer ◽  
Strain Softening ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian ◽  
Integral Type ◽  
Soil Arching ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Key Aspects

The soil arching mechanism is partly responsible for the transfer of stresses away from the soft subsoil and towards the relatively stiff column heads in column supported embankments. Experimental studies have shown that the load transfer resulting from soil arching evolves progressively with increasing subsoil settlement. Past numerical studies exploring soil arching in column supported embankments have typically not been able to capture this progressive development of load transfer. A series of improvements on past numerical studies are outlined which allow for improved simulation of the soil arching mechanism in column supported embankments. These improvements include implementation of a strain-softening constitutive model, non-local integral type regularisation and the application of the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian finite element method. The benefits of these improvements are observed through comparison of simulation results to recent experimental studies of column supported embankments. The comparison indicates that these techniques allow key aspects of soil arching kinematics and mechanics to be captured.

scholarly journals Experimental and modelling research on coach passengers’ safety in frontal impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jamroziak ◽  
Kamil Joszko ◽  
Wojciech Wolanski ◽  
Marek Gzik ◽  
Michal Burkacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Safety Belt ◽  
Safety Belts ◽  
Belt System

Abstract Road traffic accidents involving coaches do not happen very often, but they are very dangerous because they affect a large number of passengers. Coaches (or intercity buses) are not equipped with safety belt harnesses. Valid regulations do not impose any obligation on coach manufacturers to provide intercity buses with either two- or three-point safety belts. This fact may result from the unawareness of risks and injuries that might befall the passengers with no safety belts during accidents. That is the reason why this work aims to compare the aftermath of coach accidents with no safety belts and the ones with safety belts. A detailed aim of this research is to analyse the results of dynamic loads during a frontal impact exerted on coach passengers travelling with and without (two- and three-point) safety belts. This objective was achieved by performing experimental studies and modelling which focused on the process of dynamic load transfer on the human body during a traffic accident. The research was conducted parallel on an adult and a child. The equivalent of a 50th percentile male was a hybrid III dummy (M50), whereas a child at the age of about 10 was represented by a P10 dummy. A numerical model was generated and verified in experimental testing in the scope of kinematics. Also, the comparison of the recorded courses of forces, acceleration, and moments was conducted. The results obtained from the tests were analyzed regarding the injury criteria for head, neck, and thorax. It was observed that both for the two-point safety system and the lack of safety belts, there were high values of acceleration recorded in the centre of gravity of the head. On the basis of the investigations conducted, it was ascertained that only a three-point safety belt system ensures the satisfaction of all injury criteria within admissible standards both in the case of criteria defined in the rules no. 80 and the rules no. 94 determined by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. It is the three-point safety belt system which should be obligatory in all intercity buses.

Prediction of Dynamic Contact Loads in Granular Assemblies

1991 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Zhu ◽  
A. Shukla ◽  
M. H. Sadd
Keyword(s):  
Granular Media ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Contact Load ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Transfer Coefficients ◽  
Principle Of Superposition ◽  
Contact Loads

An experimental-numerical hybrid technique has been developed to predict the intergranular contact load transfer in granular media subjected to explosive loading. The granular media were simulated by assemblies of circular disks in contact. The peak contact load transfer coefficients (i. e., the ratio of the maximum output contact load to the input contact load as a function of the contact angles) of a given particle were obtained through controlled experimental studies. These coefficients, along with the principle of superposition, were then used to predict the peak contact loads in several regular as well as irregular assemblies of disks. The predicted results compared favorably with the experimental data for several different assemblies.

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