scholarly journals Experimental and modelling research on coach passengers’ safety in frontal impacts

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Jamroziak ◽  
Kamil Joszko ◽  
Wojciech Wolanski ◽  
Marek Gzik ◽  
Michal Burkacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
United Nations Economic Commission ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Safety Belt ◽  
Safety Belts ◽  
Belt System

Abstract Road traffic accidents involving coaches do not happen very often, but they are very dangerous because they affect a large number of passengers. Coaches (or intercity buses) are not equipped with safety belt harnesses. Valid regulations do not impose any obligation on coach manufacturers to provide intercity buses with either two- or three-point safety belts. This fact may result from the unawareness of risks and injuries that might befall the passengers with no safety belts during accidents. That is the reason why this work aims to compare the aftermath of coach accidents with no safety belts and the ones with safety belts. A detailed aim of this research is to analyse the results of dynamic loads during a frontal impact exerted on coach passengers travelling with and without (two- and three-point) safety belts. This objective was achieved by performing experimental studies and modelling which focused on the process of dynamic load transfer on the human body during a traffic accident. The research was conducted parallel on an adult and a child. The equivalent of a 50th percentile male was a hybrid III dummy (M50), whereas a child at the age of about 10 was represented by a P10 dummy. A numerical model was generated and verified in experimental testing in the scope of kinematics. Also, the comparison of the recorded courses of forces, acceleration, and moments was conducted. The results obtained from the tests were analyzed regarding the injury criteria for head, neck, and thorax. It was observed that both for the two-point safety system and the lack of safety belts, there were high values of acceleration recorded in the centre of gravity of the head. On the basis of the investigations conducted, it was ascertained that only a three-point safety belt system ensures the satisfaction of all injury criteria within admissible standards both in the case of criteria defined in the rules no. 80 and the rules no. 94 determined by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. It is the three-point safety belt system which should be obligatory in all intercity buses.

scholarly journals Persepsi antara Risiko Keselamatan Berkendaraan dengan Perilaku Pemakaian Safety Belt pada Driver Truk

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Muhamad Bob Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
Driving Safety ◽  
Mining Company ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Safety Belt ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Safety Belts ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Deaths and injuries from traffic accidents have become health problems for people throughout the world including Indonesia. The saddest data from the victims who died due to traffic accidents found that 10,428 people were killed in 2017 because the drivers did not use seat belts. This research aims to see the relationship between the perception of safety risk i.e. the ability, knowledge and environmental factors with the behavior of the use of safety belts in truck drivers in mining companies. This research is a comparative causal research i.e. research that states the relationship of one variable causes other variables. What is affected is the dependent variable, namely the use of safety belt behavior and the influencing variable is the independent variable, namely the perception of the risk of driving safety. Participants are 25 mining company truck drivers. The data obtained is then processed and analyzed using the SPSS version 16. Based on the results of data processing and analysis, it is found that the ability, knowledge and work environment factors have an influence on the safety belt usage behavior.

scholarly journals PATTERNS OF DRIVERS' ATTENTION CHANGES WHEN MOTION VIA URBAN STREETS IN THE EVENING TWILIGHT CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (156) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
O. Prasolenko ◽  
D. Burko ◽  
T. Lutsenko ◽  
I. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Visual Fatigue ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
The Road ◽  
Illumination Changes ◽  
Continuous State ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
On The Road

The drivers receive about 90% of the information through the vision. The road illumination is high important for vision at night. A certain level of illumination is required in order for the eyes to recognize an object. When the brightness of an object is lower than the brightness of the background, or when the brightness of an obstruction is higher than the background’s brightness, objects can be recognized by silhouette. The drivers fraught with the greatest difficulties when the road illumination changes sharply in the conditions of low light driving. Traffic accidents at night are an important issue. Although the traffic volume is low (15-20%), 41-50% of traffic accidents happen at night. For the last years more attention has been paid to transport issues that can change the cognitive and emotional state of drivers. Therefore, assessing the driver’s vision may be useful in identifying a safe or dan-gerous type of behavior on the road. Eye tracking is used to measure drivers' perception of road elements, as well as developing driving strategies and accidents preventing. During the eye fixing, the driver focuses on a specific object of road environment. The time of driver’s eye fixing may vary from 0.1 to 2.5 seconds, depending on the complexity of the road traffic and the driver's functional state. The article presents an approach to determine the driver’s attention indicators at the evening twilight on city streets. The method of recording points of regard using Pupil Labs glasses was used to attention indicators deter-mination. Experimental studies of drivers' attention indicators in the evening twilight conditions were carried out in different types of city streets. The study involved drivers aged 20 to 52 years. During the driver eye fixing, the level of illumination at the evening twilight was recorded simultaneously. When the light changes from 50 lx or less, the driver feels visual fatigue from the continuous state of road objects exploration. At the same time, the number of fixations is significantly reduced, since the driver spends more time recognizing and searching of traffic elements, pedestrians, etc. Keywords: driver, twilight conditions, road traffic, attention.

scholarly journals Geospatial Analysis of Road Traffic Accidents, Injuries and Deaths in Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolulope Osayomi ◽  
Abidoun Ayooluwa Areola
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
Safety Belts ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
High Level

RTAs in Nigeria are very high and have become progressively important because of their heavy health and financial burden. The few geographic studies on RTAs in Nigeria are limited to their mere spatial distribution and associated risk factors, with very little attention given to their spatial clustering patterns and the detection of hotspots. With the aid of Global Moran’s I and Local Getis, the study found some evidence of significant positive spatial autocorrelation, and consistent clustering of RTAs, RTIs and RTDs in the southwest from 2002 to 2007 which suggested the presence of an accident belt in the southwestern region, which has been accounted by poor road infrastructure, relatively high level of economic development and high vehicular movements. The study recommends the deployment of road safety officials to the accident belt, strict enforcement of safety belts and helmets, and periodic road maintenance.

Crash Kinematics and Injury Criteria Validation for a Deformable Hybrid Vehicle Model

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 627-631
Author(s):  
Kausalyah Venkatason ◽  
Kassim A. Abdullah ◽  
Shasthri Sivaguru ◽  
Moumen M. Idres ◽  
Qasim H. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Head Injury Criteria

Pedestrians are vulnerable road users who are at high risks in a road traffic collision with motor vehicles. A large number are getting killed in traffic accidents each year, the majority of them being children and senior citizens. During impact with an automobile, pedestrians suffer multiple impacts with the bumper, hood and windscreen. Fatality is seen mostly due to the head injuries obtained by the pedestrians. Thus this paper aims to introduce the development and validation of a simplified hybrid vehicle front end profile for the mitigation of head injury. The vehicle model is represented by a multi body windscreen and finite element cowl, hood and bumper. A two step validation procedure is performed, firstly the crash kinematics validation to determine the overall kinematics and fall pattern of the pedestrian during impact. Secondly, the hybrid vehicle model is tested against the pedestrian injury criteria values for pertinent body parts namely the neck, sternum, lumbar, femur and tibia. The hybrid vehicle model is made to impact an adult human dummy model obtained from TNO (TASS Netherlands). The injury criterias are reprensented through the Head Injury Criteria (HIC), neck compression force, sternum and tibia accelerations and lumbar and femur bending moments. The simulation results were compared to the experimental values and a good correlation was achieved.

scholarly journals Usage of the device keeping the driver from falling asleep as a factor in reducing road accidents

2018 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 02052
Author(s):  
Andrey Bogdanov ◽  
Svetlana Popova ◽  
Anton Kalugin ◽  
Vitaliy Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Falling Asleep

A significant proportion of internal transportation of goods is carried out by road. Statistics show that a large number of road traffic accidents, including fatalities, have to do with the driver falling asleep behind the wheel. A method was developed to stop the driver from falling asleep behind the wheel and a device to implement it; as a result, a patent for an invention was obtained. Some experimental studies were realized to implement this method and ensure the functioning of the device. As an example, the results of an experiment with KAMAZ 55102 motor vehicle were quoted, including the measure of the steering wheel angle (αBH = 4,6°) above which it is considered as steering of the wheel operator. In addition to that, the value of the minimum allowable number of steerings of the awake operator in a unit of time was given, and it came up to 0.5 steerings a second. Based on the experimental studies, some theoretical dependences describing the operation of the device preventing the driver from falling asleep at the wheel of a vehicle were developed.

A Computational Investigation on Seat Belt Use for Pregnant Drivers in Airbag Equipped Automobiles

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Serpil Acar ◽  
Volkan Esat
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Frontal Impacts ◽  
Injury Criteria ◽  
Air Bags ◽  
Accident Conditions ◽  
Automobile Crash

Pregnant women are a vulnerable and sensitive group in road traffic accidents, prone to sustaining varying levels of injury following an automobile crash accident. The objective of this research is to investigate various frontal impacts that pregnant women may undergo through simulations with a computational model of the pregnant driver, ‘Expecting’. Injuries when the seat belt is properly used in an airbag equipped automobile are compared with the cases where the seat belt is not worn by the pregnant driver. Displacements and strains occurring in the uterus are presented as well as injury criteria such as HIC, 3ms maximum and maximum VC in order to demonstrate the injury levels. The responses of the pregnant driver model in varying accident conditions particularly to demonstrate the injuries that they may be exposed to when the seat belt is not worn in airbag equipped automobiles emphasise that the air bags are supplementary restraint systems, and not meant to replace seat belts.

TO THE STABILITY OF TANK VEHICLES IN THE BRAKE MODE

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Denys Popelysh ◽  
Yurii Seluk ◽  
Sergyi Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Dynamic Processes ◽  
Course Stability ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Tank Vehicles

This article discusses the question of the possibility of improving the roll stability of partially filled tank vehicles while braking. We consider the dangers associated with partially filled tank vehicles. We give examples of the severe consequences of road traffic accidents that have occurred with tank vehicles carrying dangerous goods. We conducted an analysis of the dynamic processes of fluid flow in the tank and their influence on the basic parameters of the stability of vehicle. When transporting a partially filled tank due to the comparability of the mass of the empty tank with the mass of the fluid being transported, the dynamic qualities of the vehicle change so that they differ significantly from the dynamic characteristics of other vehicles. Due to large displacements of the center of mass of cargo in the tank there are additional loads that act vehicle and significantly reduce the course stability and the drivability. We consider the dynamics of liquid sloshing in moving containers, and give examples of building a mechanical model of an oscillating fluid in a tank and a mathematical model of a vehicle with a tank. We also considered the method of improving the vehicle’s stability, which is based on the prediction of the moment of action and the nature of the dynamic processes of liquid cargo and the implementation of preventive actions by executive mechanisms. Modern automated control systems (anti-lock brake system, anti-slip control systems, stabilization systems, braking forces distribution systems, floor level systems, etc.) use a certain list of elements for collecting necessary parameters and actuators for their work. This gives the ability to influence the course stability properties without interfering with the design of the vehicle only by making changes to the software of these systems. Keywords: tank vehicle, roll stability, mathematical model, vehicle control systems.

ADHD is a Risk Factor of Road Crashes: A Purposive Study of Finding Relation between ADHD and Road Traffic Accident in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 20531-20536
Author(s):  
Nusrat Shamima Nur ◽  
M. S. l. Mullick ◽  
Ahmed Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
Day By Day

Background: In Bangladesh fatality rate due to road traffic accidents is rising sharply day by day. At least 2297 people were killed and 5480 were injured in road traffic accidents within 1st six months of 2017.Whereas in the previous year at 2016 at least 1941 people were killed and 4794 were injured within the 1st six months. No survey has been reported in Bangladesh yet correlating ADHD as a reason of impulsive driving which ends up in a road crash.

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