scholarly journals Agricultural By-Products for Phosphorous Removal and Recovery from Water and Wastewater: A Green Technology

2016 ◽  
pp. 491-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huu Hao Ngo ◽  
Wenshan Guo ◽  
Thi An Hang Nguyen ◽  
Rao Y. Surampalli ◽  
Tian C. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Green Technology ◽  
Phosphorous Removal ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
By Products ◽  
Removal And Recovery

NMR Studies of the Reaction of Amino Acids with Aqueous Chlorine

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank E. Scully, Jr ◽  
Barbara Conyers
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Wastewater Disinfection ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
By Products

Over the past 20 years, gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) has been widely used to identify trace organic environmental contaminants and to study the mechanisms of the formation or transformation of organic compounds either by natural or man-made processes. In the area of water and wastewater disinfection, GC/MS has been highly successful in identifying numerous volatile organic chlorination by-products, some of which may pose undesirable health risks to humans and aquatic organisms at concentrations found in some waters. However, despite a considerable amount of research in this area much of the chemistry continues to be poorly understood. Analysis of trace organics by GC/MS relies on the assumption that the compounds to be analyzed are (1) volatile and (2) thermally stable to GC temperatures as high as 300 °C. Because nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a mild and nondestructive method of analysis, it can reveal reactions that occur in water that cannot be observed by GC/MS. Until recently the reactions of amino acids with two or more equivalents of aqueous chlorine were believed to produce aldehydes and nitriles according to equation (1). LeCloirec and Martin have reported that the formation of nitriles in such situations may come in part from the reaction of monochloramine with aldehydes (equation (2)). Because reaction (2) may affect the distribution of products in reaction (1), it was important to determine the relationship between these two reactions. This chapter will review the applications of NMR we have used in studies of the products formed upon chlorination of amino acids.

scholarly journals The Technology of Phosphorous Removal and Recovery from Swine Wastewater by Struvite Crystallization Reaction

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi SUZUKI ◽  
Yasuo TANAKA ◽  
Kazutaka KURODA ◽  
Dai HANAJIMA ◽  
Yasuyuki FUKUMOTO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Phosphorous Removal ◽  
Crystallization Reaction ◽  
Struvite Crystallization ◽  
Removal And Recovery

scholarly journals Ferrates (iron(VI) and iron(V)): Environmentally friendly oxidants and disinfectants

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virender K. Sharma ◽  
Futaba Kazama ◽  
Hu Jiangyong ◽  
Ajay K. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Toxic Compound ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
By Products ◽  
Multifunctional Properties

Iron(VI) and iron(V), known as ferrates, are powerful oxidants and their reactions with pollutants are typically fast with the formation of non-toxic by-products. Oxidations performed by Fe(VI) and Fe(V) show pH dependence; faster rates are observed at lower pH. Fe(VI) shows excellent disinfectant properties and can inactivate a wide variety of microorganisms at low Fe(VI) doses. Fe(VI) also possesses efficient coagulation properties and enhanced coagulation can also be achieved using Fe(VI) as a preoxidant. The reactivity of Fe(V) with pollutants is approximately 3–5 orders of magnitude faster than that of Fe(VI). Fe(V) can thus be used to oxidize pollutants and inactivate microorganisms that have resistance to Fe(VI). The final product of Fe(VI) and Fe(V) reduction is Fe(III), a non-toxic compound. Moreover, treatments by Fe(VI) do not give any mutagenic/carcinogenic by-products, which make ferrates environmentally friendly ions. This paper reviews the potential role of iron(VI) and iron(V) as oxidants and disinfectants in water and wastewater treatment processes. Examples are given to demonstrate the multifunctional properties of ferrates to purify water and wastewater

scholarly journals Formation of environmentally friendly chloroorganic compounds technology by sewage and by-products utilization

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Myszkowski ◽  
Eugeniusz Milchert ◽  
Waldemar Paździoch ◽  
Robert Pełech
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Propylene Oxide ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Water Waste ◽  
By Products ◽  
Removal And Recovery

Formation of environmentally friendly chloroorganic compounds technology by sewage and by-products utilization The processes presented in the study enables the separation and disposal of the chloroorganic compounds as by-products from the vinyl chloride plant by using the dichlorethane method and also from the production of propylene oxide by the chlorohydrine method. The integrated purification method of steam stripping and adsorption onto activated carbon allows a complete removal and recovery of the chloroorganic compounds from waste water. Waste distillation fraction is formed during the production of vinyl chloride. 1,1,2-trichloroethane separated from the above fraction, can be processed to vinylidene chloride and further to 1,1,1-trichloroethane. 2,3-Dichloropropene, 2-chloroallyl alcohol, 2-chloroallylamine, 2-chlorothioallyl alcohol or bis(2-chloroallylamine) can be obtained from 1,2,3-trichloropropane. In the propylene oxide plant the waste 1,2-dichloropropane is formed, which can be ammonolysed to 1,2-diaminopropane or used for the production of β-methyltaurine. Other chloroorganic compounds are subjected to chlorinolysis which results in the following compounds: perchloroethylene, tetrachloromethane, hexachloroethane, haxachlorobutadiene and hexachlorobenzene. The substitution of the milk of lime by the soda lye solution during the saponification of chlorohydrine eliminates the formation of the CaCl2 waste.

Recent trends in removal and recovery of heavy metals from wastewater by electrochemical technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hawaiah Imam Maarof ◽  
Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud ◽  
Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Cathodic Reduction ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Removal And Recovery

AbstractHeavy metal-laden water and wastewater pose a threat to biodiversity, including human health. Contaminated wastewater can be treated with several separation and purification methods. Among them, electrochemical treatment is a notable clean technology, versatile and environmentally compatible for the removal and recovery of inorganic pollutants from water and wastewater. Electrochemical technology provides solution for the recovery of metals in their most valuable state. This paper analyses the most recent electrochemical approaches for the removal and recovery of metal ions. Various current works involving cell design and electrode development were addressed in distinguished electrochemical processes, namely, electrodeposition, electrocoagulation, electroflotation, and electrosorption. Cathodic reduction of metal ions has been proven in result to metal deposit on the metal, metal oxide, stainless steel, and graphite electrode. However, little progress has been made toward electrode modification, particularly the cathode for the purpose of cathodic reduction and deposition. Meanwhile, emerging advanced materials, such as ionic liquids, have been presented to be prominent to the technological advancement of electrode modifications. It has been projected that by integrating different priorities into the design approach for electrochemical reactors and recent electrode developments, several insights can be obtained that will contribute toward the enhancement of the electrochemical process performance for the effective removal and recovery of heavy metals from water and wastewater in the near future.

Analysis of Disinfection By-products in Water and Wastewater

1979 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Glaze ◽  
Gary R. Peyton ◽  
Farida Y. Saleh ◽  
Francis Y. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals The Application of Supercritical Fluids Technology to Recover Healthy Valuable Compounds from Marine and Agricultural Food Processing By-Products: A Review

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zhou ◽  
Beatriz Gullón ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Patricia Gullón ◽  
José M. Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
By Products ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Agricultural Food

Food by-products contain a remarkable source of bioactive molecules with many benefits for humans; therefore, their exploitation can be an excellent opportunity for the food sector. Moreover, the revalorization of these by-products to produce value-added compounds is considered pivotal for sustainable growth based on a circular economy. Traditional extraction technologies have several drawbacks mainly related to the consumption of hazardous organic solvents, and the high temperatures maintained for long extraction periods which cause the degradation of thermolabile compounds as well as a low extraction efficiency of desired compounds. In this context, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has been explored as a suitable green technology for the recovery of a broad range of bioactive compounds from different types of agri-food wastes. This review describes the working principle and development of SFE technology to valorize by-products from different origin (marine, fruit, vegetable, nuts, and other plants). In addition, the potential effects of the extracted active substances on human health were also approached.

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