scholarly journals A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of COVID-19’s Impact on Human Mobility: The Case of the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songhe Wang ◽  
Kangda Wei ◽  
Lei Lin ◽  
Weizi Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial Temporal Analysis

scholarly journals Prospective Spatial-Temporal Clusters of COVID-19 in Local Communities: Case Study of Kansas City, Missouri, United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadeel AlQadi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Spatial Temporal Analysis

Just in the United States (U.S.), the COVID-19 cases reached over 37 million as of August 2021. Kansas City in Missouri State has become one of the major U.S. hot spots for COVID-19 due to an increase in the rate of positive COVID-19 test results. Despite the large numbers of COVID-19 cases in Kansas City, the Spatio-temporal analysis of data has been less investigated. In this study, we conducted a prospective Poisson spatial-temporal analysis of Kansas City, MO, COVID-19 data at the zip code level. The analysis focused on daily COVID-19 cases in four equal periods of three months. We detected temporal patterns of emerging and reemerging space-time clusters between March 2020 and February 202. The statistical results were communicated with local health officials and provided the necessary guidance for decision-making and the allocation of resources.

scholarly journals Differential effects of intervention timing on COVID-19 spread in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (49) ◽  
pp. eabd6370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Pei ◽  
Sasikiran Kandula ◽  
Jeffrey Shaman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Transmission Model ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Mobility Data ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions

Assessing the effects of early nonpharmaceutical interventions on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread is crucial for understanding and planning future control measures to combat the pandemic. We use observations of reported infections and deaths, human mobility data, and a metapopulation transmission model to quantify changes in disease transmission rates in U.S. counties from 15 March to 3 May 2020. We find that marked, asynchronous reductions of the basic reproductive number occurred throughout the United States in association with social distancing and other control measures. Counterfactual simulations indicate that, had these same measures been implemented 1 to 2 weeks earlier, substantial cases and deaths could have been averted and that delayed responses to future increased incidence will facilitate a stronger rebound of infections and death. Our findings underscore the importance of early intervention and aggressive control in combatting the COVID-19 pandemic.

The New American Servitude

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caiti Coe
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Elder Care ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Immigrants ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Employment Sector ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Work Affect

In our contemporary period of human mobility and global capitalism, political identifications are being configured in multiple sites beyond the nation-state. The book’s theoretical innovation is to analyze what happens at work in terms of larger processes of political belonging. In particular, it examines how the recognitions and reciprocities entailed by care work affect the political belonging of new African migrants in the United States. Care for America’s growing seniors is increasingly provided by migrants, and it is only expected to grow, as experts in health care anticipate a care crunch. Because of the demand for elder care and the low barriers to entry, new African immigrants have adopted elder care as a niche employment sector. However, elder care puts care workers into racialized, gendered and age hierarchies, and made it difficult to achieve social and economic mobility. Through working in elder care, African care workers see the United States as uninhabitable, in the sense that it does not reciprocate their labor and makes a respected personhood impossible. This book highlights a more complex process of racialization and incorporation for Black immigrants than is commonly posited.

scholarly journals Investigating the effects of absolute humidity and human encounters on transmission of COVID-19 in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Lin ◽  
Alisa Hamilton ◽  
Oliver Gatalo ◽  
Fardad Haghpanah ◽  
Takeru Igusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Absolute Humidity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Mobile Phone Data ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Combining Data

AbstractBackgroundMounting evidence suggests that the primary mode of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is aerosolized transmission from close contact with infected individuals. Even though transmission is a direct result of human encounters, environmental conditions, such as lower humidity, may enhance aerosolized transmission risks similar to other respiratory viruses such as influenza.MethodsWe utilized dynamic time warping to cluster all 3,137 counties in the United States based on temporal data on absolute humidity from March 10 to September 29, 2020. We then used a multivariate generalized additive model (GAM) combining data on human mobility derived from mobile phone data with humidity data to identify the potential effect of absolute humidity and mobility on new daily cases of COVID-19 while considering the temporal differences between seasons.ResultsThe clustering analysis found ten groups of counties with similar humidity levels. We found a significant negative effect between increasing humidity and new cases of COVID-19 in most regions, particularly in the period from March to July. The effect was greater in regions with generally lower humidity in the Western, Midwest, and Northeast regions of the US. In the two regions with the largest effect, a 1 g/m3 increase of absolute humidity resulted in a 0.21 and 0.15 decrease in cases. The effect of mobility on cases was positive and significant across all regions in the July-Sept time period, though the relationship in some regions was more mixed in the March to June period.ConclusionsWe found that increasing humidity played an important role in falling cases in the spring, while increasing mobility in the summer contributed more significantly to increases in the summer. Our findings suggest that, similar to other respiratory viruses, the decreasing humidity in the winter is likely to lead to an increase in COVID-19 cases. Furthermore, the fact that mobility data were positively correlated suggests that efforts to counteract the rise in cases due to falling humidity can be effective in limiting the burden of the pandemic.

scholarly journals The Impact of The Government’s COVID-19 Restriction Policies On Human Mobility: Evidence From The United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxun Zhou ◽  
Mafizur Rahman Mohammad ◽  
Khanam Rasheda ◽  
Robert Taylor Brad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Effect Decomposition ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose – In responding to COVID-19, governments around the world have imposed various restrictions with different levels of success. One important aspect of pandemic control is the willingness of individuals to stay home when possible. The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of government restrictions on human mobility in the United StatesMethodology/approach – Structural equation modelling is used to explore the issue. First, we use path regression analysis and factor analysis to identify the main factors that influence mobility. Second, we use total effect decomposition to investigate the deeper relationship between government restrictions and human mobility.Finding – Two important findings are revealed First, the economic environment is the fundamental and direct factor affecting human mobility. There is a significant negative relationship between economic environment and human mobility, meaning that where economic conditions are bad mobility is greater. Second, government restrictions and the scale of the pandemic do not directly affect human mobility. Government restriction indirectly influences human mobility through economic environment as a mediating variable. Therefore, the economic environment has a significant mediating effect.Originality/value – Existing literature lacks research on the mediating effect between government restrictions and human mobility. This paper provides new empirical evidence for the research topic by studying the mediating effect between government restrictions and human mobility. This provides policymakers with a more detailed picture of the processes through which policies operate.

scholarly journals Quantifying human mobility behaviour changes during the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixuan Pan ◽  
Aref Darzi ◽  
Aliakbar Kabiri ◽  
Guangchen Zhao ◽  
Weiyu Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
First Case ◽  
Mobility Behaviour ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Behaviour Changes

AbstractSince the first case of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was confirmed in Wuhan, China, social distancing has been promoted worldwide, including in the United States, as a major community mitigation strategy. However, our understanding remains limited in how people would react to such control measures, as well as how people would resume their normal behaviours when those orders were relaxed. We utilize an integrated dataset of real-time mobile device location data involving 100 million devices in the contiguous United States (plus Alaska and Hawaii) from February 2, 2020 to May 30, 2020. Built upon the common human mobility metrics, we construct a Social Distancing Index (SDI) to evaluate people’s mobility pattern changes along with the spread of COVID-19 at different geographic levels. We find that both government orders and local outbreak severity significantly contribute to the strength of social distancing. As people tend to practice less social distancing immediately after they observe a sign of local mitigation, we identify several states and counties with higher risks of continuous community transmission and a second outbreak. Our proposed index could help policymakers and researchers monitor people’s real-time mobility behaviours, understand the influence of government orders, and evaluate the risk of local outbreaks.

Bladder Cancer Mortality in the United States: A Geographic and Temporal Analysis of Socioeconomic and Environmental Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 195 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norm D. Smith ◽  
Sandip M. Prasad ◽  
Amit R. Patel ◽  
Adam B. Weiner ◽  
Joseph J. Pariser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal analysis of fatal off-piste and backcountry avalanche accidents in Austria with a comparison of results in Switzerland, France, Italy and the United States

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Pfeifer ◽  
Peter Höller ◽  
Achim Zeileis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Generalized Additive Models ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Avalanche Accidents

Abstract. In this article we analyzed spatial and temporal patterns of fatal Austrian avalanche accidents caused by backcountry and off-piste skiers and snowboarders within the winter periods 1967/68–2010/11. The data were based on reports of the Austrian Board for Alpine Safety and reports of the information services of the federal states. Using the date and the location of the recorded avalanche accidents we were able to carry out spatial and temporal analyses applying generalized additive models and Markov random field models. As the result of the trend analysis we noticed an increasing trend of avalanche fatalities within the winter periods from 1967/68 to 2010/11, which is in contradiction to the widespread opinion that the number of fatalities is constant over time. Additionally, we compared Austrian results with results of Switzerland, France, Italy and the United States based on data from the International Commission of Alpine Rescue (ICAR). As the result of the spatial analysis we noticed two hotspots of avalanche fatalities ("Arlberg-Silvretta" and "Sölden"). Because of the increasing trend and the rather "narrow" regional distribution of the fatalities consequences on prevention of avalanche accidents were highly recommended.

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