State-of-the-Art Cross-Sectional Imaging in Bladder Cancer

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindu N. Setty ◽  
Nagaraj-Setty Holalkere ◽  
Dushyant V. Sahani ◽  
Raul N. Uppot ◽  
Mukesh Harisinghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Optical coherence tomography guided cystoscopy in diagnosis and management of clinical bladder tumors

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15518-15518
Author(s):  
C. S. Lee ◽  
M. Mishail ◽  
W. C. Waltzer ◽  
J. Liu ◽  
Z. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Bladder Tumors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bladder Urothelium ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
Oct Imaging

15518 Background: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel tool that permits high-resolution cross-sectional imaging of bladder urothelium during cystoscopy. OCT delineates morphological features of the bladder urothelium, the lamina propria, and the muscularis layer based on their backscattering patterns. We hypothesize that application of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirrors for OCT can improve cross-sectional image resolution of bladder lesions. We report preliminary results from our prospective non-randomized study using MEMS mirror OCT imaging during cystoscopy. Methods: Following our institutional IRB approval, a prospective correlative study was performed evaluating the role of cross-sectional OCT in diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancers. OCT cystoscopy was performed in thirty patients undergoing cystoscopy or transurethral resection for suspected bladder tumors. Any suspicious lesions or tumors seen on cystoscopy were either biopsied or resected as per standard of care. The primary endpoints were patient safety and the correlation between OCT images and histology. Results: Bladder cancer was identified in twenty five patients by pathological evaluation. Twenty four out of twenty five patients were correctly diagnosed with cross-sectional OCT imaging. Four out of five patients with benign lesions were correctly identified. There was one false positive and one false negative in our series. Overall sensitivity and specificity of cross-sectional OCT in diagnosing bladder cancer was 96 and 80%, respectively. There were no complications related to OCT cystoscopy. Axial and lateral resolutions were 10 and 12 microns, respectively. The field of view was measured at 4.5 mm with the depth of penetration measured to be 2 mm. Conclusions: OCT cystoscopy is a promising new tool in diagnosis of bladder cancer. Our preliminary data suggests OCT with MEMS mirrors resulted in high resolution images that may aid in the diagnosis of bladder cancer during cystoscopy. Application of OCT cross sectional imaging may have additional benefits: improved diagnosis, identification of surgical margins, and more complete resection of bladder tumors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

State-of-the-art pulmonary arterial imaging – Part 2

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Goerne ◽  
Abhishek Chaturvedi ◽  
Sasan Partovi ◽  
Prabhakar Rajiah
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Therapy Monitoring ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Arterial Imaging

Abstract. Although pulmonary embolism is the most common abnormality of the pulmonary artery, there is a broad spectrum of other congenital and acquired pulmonary arterial abnormalities. Multiple imaging modalities are now available to evaluate these abnormalities of the pulmonary arteries. CT and MRI are the most commonly used cross-sectional imaging modalities that provide comprehensive information on several aspects of these abnormalities, including morphology, function, risk-stratification and therapy-monitoring. In this article, we review the role of state-of-the-art pulmonary arterial imaging in the evaluation of non-thromboembolic disorders of pulmonary artery.

State-of-the-art aortic imaging: Part II - applications in transcatheter aortic valve replacement and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

VASA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Rengier ◽  
Philipp Geisbüsch ◽  
Paul Schoenhagen ◽  
Matthias Müller-Eschner ◽  
Rolf Vosshenrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Open Surgical Repair ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) as well as thoracic and abdominal endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR and EVAR) rely on accurate pre- and postprocedural imaging. This review article discusses the application of imaging, including preprocedural assessment and measurements as well as postprocedural imaging of complications. Furthermore, the exciting perspective of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) based on cross-sectional imaging is presented. TAVR is a minimally invasive alternative for treatment of aortic valve stenosis in patients with high age and multiple comorbidities who cannot undergo traditional open surgical repair. Given the lack of direct visualization during the procedure, pre- and peri-procedural imaging forms an essential part of the intervention. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is the imaging modality of choice for preprocedural planning. Routine postprocedural follow-up is performed by echocardiography to confirm treatment success and detect complications. EVAR and TEVAR are minimally invasive alternatives to open surgical repair of aortic pathologies. CTA constitutes the preferred imaging modality for both preoperative planning and postoperative follow-up including detection of endoleaks. Magnetic resonance imaging is an excellent alternative to CT for postoperative follow-up, and is especially beneficial for younger patients given the lack of radiation. Ultrasound is applied in screening and postoperative follow-up of abdominal aortic aneurysms, but cross-sectional imaging is required once abnormalities are detected. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound may be as sensitive as CTA in detecting endoleaks.

The role of pre-biopsy mpMRI in lymph node staging for prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 039156032110168
Author(s):  
Nassib Abou Heidar ◽  
Robert El-Doueihi ◽  
Ali Merhe ◽  
Paul Ramia ◽  
Gerges Bustros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging ◽  
Kappa Agreement

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) staging is an integral part in the management of prostate cancer. The gold standard for diagnosing lymph node invasion is a surgical lymphadenectomy, with no superior imaging modality available at the clinician’s disposal. Our aim in this study is to identify if a pre-biopsy multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) can provide enough information about pelvic lymph nodes in intermediate and high risk PCa patients, and whether it can substitute further cross sectional imaging (CSI) modalities of the abdomen and pelvis in these risk categories. Methods: Patients with intermediate and high risk prostate cancer were collected between January 2015 and June 2019, while excluding patients who did not undergo a pre-biopsy mpMRI or a CSI. Date regarding biopsy result, PSA, MRI results, CSI imaging results were collected. Using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0, statistical analysis was conducted using the Cohen’s Kappa agreement for comparison of mpMRI with CSI. McNemar’s test and receiver operator curve (ROC) curve were used for comparison of sensitivity of both tests when comparing to the gold standard of lymphadenectomy. Results: A total of 143 patients fit the inclusion criteria. We further stratified our patients into according to PSA level and Gleason score. Overall, agreement between mpMRI and all CSI was 0.857. When stratifying patients based on Gleason score and PSA, the higher the grade or PSA, the higher agreement between mpMRI and CSI. The sensitivity of mpMRI (73.7%) is similar to CSI (68.4%). When comparing CSI sensitivity to that of mpMRI, no significant difference was present by utilizing the McNemar test and very similar receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusion: A pre-biopsy mpMRI can potentially substitute further cross sectional imaging in our cohort of patients. However, larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.

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